Vitamin and mineral management for dialysis patients is a required treatment for people undergoing dialysis because during end-stage kidney disease and dialysis the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal levels.[1] As a consequence, certain vitamin and mineral restrictions and supplementations are needed.[2]
The kidney’s role in vitamin and mineral metabolismedit
People on dialysis must follow dietary restrictions, making it difficult for them to get the necessary amounts of certain vitamins and minerals to stay healthy.[3] In addition, vitamins and minerals are lost during the process of dialysis. Therefore, dialysis patients are at risk for vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Since vitamins are necessary for proper metabolism, protein building, and growth it is important for the health of dialysis patients that they are supplemented with any vitamins or minerals that they may be deficient in.[4]
Nutrients to avoid in dialysisedit
There are some nutrients that are restricted in kidney failure patients because of the body's inability to excrete excessive amounts of them due to the kidneys not functioning properly. In general, these nutrients include:
Potassium: The kidneys help to regulate potassium levels. When the kidneys are damaged, potassium levels can become elevated. Elevated potassium levels can cause the heart to beat irregularly or even stop.
Phosphorus: The kidneys also help to regulate phosphorus levels in the body. When the kidneys are damaged, they aren't able to remove excessive phosphorus, causing it to build up in blood. Doctors may prescribe a phosphate binder that is taken with meals to help remove excess phosphorus[2]
Sodium: In patients with kidney failure, sodium can cause excessive fluid retention, which can lead to elevated blood pressure, edema, heart failure, and shortness of breath.
Fluid: As kidney damage worsens so does the ability to excrete fluid. In kidney failure patients, excessive fluid intake can result in the same conditions that excessive sodium intake does.
Vitamins and minerals to supplement in dialysisedit
Many foods that contain phosphorus and potassium (restricted in dialysis patients) also contain folate, niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 (water-soluble vitamins).[5] Therefore, restricting foods that contain phosphorus and potassium can lead to deficiencies in other important vitamins. In general, the following vitamins and minerals are supplemented in dialysis patients:
B vitamins- Water-soluble vitamins that play a role in red blood cell development to prevent anemia and contribute to metabolism to help change the foods you eat into energy.[2]
Vitamin C- Water-soluble vitamin that aids in keeping tissues healthy, wound healing, and infection prevention.[2]
Vitamin D- Normally, the kidney changes vitamin D into its active form, vitamin D3, which helps with calcium absorption. Many dialysis patients have low intakes of calcium due to avoidance of foods containing phosphorus and potassium. Lack of calcium can lead to renal osteodystrophy (bone weakening). On the other hand, too much calcium can cause calcification or calciphylaxis (calcium deposits in places such as the heart.[5] Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning that excessive amounts can be damaging so it should be prescribed and monitored by a doctor.
Iron- Kidney damage results in inability of the kidney to produce erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production.[5]
^ abcMahan, K, Escott-Stump, S, and Raymond, J Krause’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process. 13th ed. St. Louis, MO; Saunders: (2012)
External linksedit
National Kidney Foundation
Northwest Kidney Centers
April 12, 2024
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Vitamin and mineral management for dialysis news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Vitamin and mineral management for dialysis patients is a required treatment for people undergoing dialysis because during end stage kidney disease and dialysis the kidneys are functioning at less than 15 of normal levels 1 As a consequence certain vitamin and mineral restrictions and supplementations are needed 2 Contents 1 The kidney s role in vitamin and mineral metabolism 2 Nutrients to avoid in dialysis 3 Vitamins and minerals to supplement in dialysis 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksThe kidney s role in vitamin and mineral metabolism editPeople on dialysis must follow dietary restrictions making it difficult for them to get the necessary amounts of certain vitamins and minerals to stay healthy 3 In addition vitamins and minerals are lost during the process of dialysis Therefore dialysis patients are at risk for vitamin and mineral deficiencies Since vitamins are necessary for proper metabolism protein building and growth it is important for the health of dialysis patients that they are supplemented with any vitamins or minerals that they may be deficient in 4 Nutrients to avoid in dialysis editThere are some nutrients that are restricted in kidney failure patients because of the body s inability to excrete excessive amounts of them due to the kidneys not functioning properly In general these nutrients include Potassium The kidneys help to regulate potassium levels When the kidneys are damaged potassium levels can become elevated Elevated potassium levels can cause the heart to beat irregularly or even stop Phosphorus The kidneys also help to regulate phosphorus levels in the body When the kidneys are damaged they aren t able to remove excessive phosphorus causing it to build up in blood Doctors may prescribe a phosphate binder that is taken with meals to help remove excess phosphorus 2 Sodium In patients with kidney failure sodium can cause excessive fluid retention which can lead to elevated blood pressure edema heart failure and shortness of breath Fluid As kidney damage worsens so does the ability to excrete fluid In kidney failure patients excessive fluid intake can result in the same conditions that excessive sodium intake does Vitamins and minerals to supplement in dialysis editMany foods that contain phosphorus and potassium restricted in dialysis patients also contain folate niacin riboflavin and vitamin B6 water soluble vitamins 5 Therefore restricting foods that contain phosphorus and potassium can lead to deficiencies in other important vitamins In general the following vitamins and minerals are supplemented in dialysis patients B vitamins Water soluble vitamins that play a role in red blood cell development to prevent anemia and contribute to metabolism to help change the foods you eat into energy 2 Vitamin C Water soluble vitamin that aids in keeping tissues healthy wound healing and infection prevention 2 Vitamin D Normally the kidney changes vitamin D into its active form vitamin D3 which helps with calcium absorption Many dialysis patients have low intakes of calcium due to avoidance of foods containing phosphorus and potassium Lack of calcium can lead to renal osteodystrophy bone weakening On the other hand too much calcium can cause calcification or calciphylaxis calcium deposits in places such as the heart 5 Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin meaning that excessive amounts can be damaging so it should be prescribed and monitored by a doctor Iron Kidney damage results in inability of the kidney to produce erythropoietin which stimulates red blood cell production 5 See also editKidney disease Kidney dialysisReferences edit Kidney Failure National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Retrieved 11 November 2017 a b c d Vitamins and Minerals in Kidney Disease The National Kidney Foundation 7 January 2016 Retrieved 1 March 2022 Nutrition Dialysis Clinic Inc 2010 Accessed 17 July 2014 lt http www dciinc org nutrition php gt Vitamins The Nephron Information Center 2013 Accessed 17 July 2014 lt http nephron org nephsites adp vits htm gt a b c Mahan K Escott Stump S and Raymond J Krause s Food and the Nutrition Care Process 13th ed St Louis MO Saunders 2012 External links editNational Kidney Foundation Northwest Kidney Centers Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vitamin and mineral management for dialysis amp oldid 1213686353, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
