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Viktor Zemskov

December 18, 2023

Viktor Nikolaevich Zemskov (Russian: Ви́ктор Никола́евич Земско́в, 30 January 1946 – 22 June 2015) was a Soviet and Russian historian, doctor (habil.) of historical sciences (2005), research associate of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.[1][2] He was a specialist on the Gulag.[3] Zemskov revealed in detail the secret-police statistics about the Gulag, resolving many disputes among Western historians about the number of people affected by political repression in the Soviet Union.[4]

Viktor Nikolaevich Zemskov
Виктор Николаевич Земсков
Born(1946-01-30)30 January 1946
Soviet Union
Died22 July 2015(2015-07-22) (aged 69)
NationalityRussian
CitizenshipRussia
Alma materMoscow State University
Known forHis studies on political repression in the Soviet Union
Scientific career
FieldsHistory
Institutionsthe Institute of Russian History

Education and career edit

In 1981, Zemskov defended his candidate's (PhD) thesis "Contribution by working class to strengthening the material-technical base of agriculture in the USSR in the 1960s".[1] In 1989, he joined the commission of the History Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences led by its corresponding member Yuri Polyakov to determine population losses and received access to statistical reports made by the OGPU-NKVD-MGB-MVD and kept in the Central State Archive of the October Revolution (CSAOR) renamed the State Archive of the Russian Federation.[5][6] According to Leonid Lopatnikov, Zemskov was the only historian admitted to the archives for the reports, and later the archives were again "closed."[7]

Between 1990 and 1992, he published the first precise statistical data on the Gulag which were based on the Gulag archives.[8] His papers were criticized by Sergei Maksudov. In Maksudov's opinion, Lev Razgon and his followers including Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn did not envisage the total number of the camps very well and markedly exaggerated their size. At the same time, from their experience, they knew something extraordinarily important about the Archipelago, its diabolical anti-human nature. On the other hand, Zemskov, who published many documents by the NKVD and KGB, is very far from understanding of the Gulag essence and the nature of socio-political processes in the country. Without distinguishing the degree of accuracy and reliability of certain figures, without making a critical analysis of sources, without comparing new data with already known information, Zemskov absolutizes the published materials by presenting them as the ultimate truth. As a result, his attempts to make generalized statements with reference to a particular document, as a rule, do not hold water.[9]

In response, Zemskov wrote that the charge that Zemskov allegedly did not compare new data with already known information could not be called fair. In his words, the trouble with most western writers is that they do not benefit from such comparisons. Zemskov added that when he tried not to overuse the juxtaposition of new information with "old" one, it was only because of a sense of delicacy, not to once again psychologically traumatize the researchers whose works used incorrect figures, as it turned out after the publication of the statistics by the OGPU-NKVD-MGB-MVD.[5]

In 2005, Zemskov defended his doctoral thesis "Special settlers in the USSR. 1930–1960".[1]

Publications edit

  • Getty, Arch; Rittersporn, Gábor; Zemskov, Viktor (October 1993). "Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the basis of archival evidence" (PDF). American Historical Review. 98 (4): 1017–1049. doi:10.2307/2166597. JSTOR 2166597.
  • Getty, Arch; Rittersporn, Gábor; Zemskov, Viktor (1993). "Les victimes de la répression pénale dans l'U.R.S.S. d'avant-guerre : une première enquête à partir du témoignage des archives" [Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the basis of archival evidence]. Revue des études slaves (in French). 65 (4): 631–670. doi:10.3406/slave.1993.6134. JSTOR 43270097.
  • ГУЛАГ (историко-социологический аспект) // Социологические исследования. 1991. No. 7. С. 3–16.
  • ГУЛАГ (историко-социологический аспект) // Социологические исследования. 1991. No. 6. С. 10–27.
  • // Мир России. 1999. Т. VIII. No. 4. С. 114–124.
  • К вопросу о масштабах репрессий в СССР // Социологические исследования. 1995. No. 9. С. 118–127.
  • Об учете спецконтингента НКВД во всесоюзных переписях населения 1937 и 1939 гг. // Социологические исследования. 1991. No. 2. С. 74–75.
  • Репатриация советских граждан и их дальнейшая судьба (1944–1956 гг.) // Социологические исследования. 1995. No. 6. С. 3–13.
  • Репатриация советских граждан и их дальнейшая судьба (1944–1956 гг.) // Социологические исследования. May 1995. No. 5. С. 3–13.
  • Рождение «Второй эмиграции» (1944–1952) // Социологические исследования. 1991. No. 4. С. 3–24.
  • Спецпоселенцы (по документам НКВД-МВД СССР) // Социологические исследования. 1990. No. 11. С. 3–17.
  • Судьба «кулацкой ссылки» в послевоенное время // Социологические исследования. 1992. No. 8. С. 18–37.
  • «Кулацкая ссылка» накануне и в годы Великой отечественной войны // Социологические исследования. 1992. No. 2. С. 3–26.
  • // Россия XXI, 1994, No. 1–2. С. 107–124.

Books edit

  • Спецпоселенцы в СССР, 1930–1960. — Москва: Наука, 2005. — 306 страниц, ISBN 5-02-010315-2
  • Сталин и народ. Почему не было восстания. — Москва: Алгоритм, 2014. — 239 страниц, ISBN 978-5-4438-0677-8
  • Народ и война: Страницы истории советского народа накануне и в годы Великой Отечественной войны. 1938–1945. — Москва, 2014. — 288 страниц.

Video edit

  • Video containing an interview with Viktor Zemskov about statistics of political repression in the USSR (in English) on YouTube

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Viktor Zemskov on the website of the Institute of Russian History
  2. ^ "ВИКТОР НИКОЛАЕВИЧ ЗЕМСКОВ. Некролог". Institute of Russian History. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  3. ^ Klimkova, Oxana (Winter 2007). "Special Settlements in Soviet Russia in the 1930s–50s". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 8 (1): 105–139. doi:10.1353/kri.2007.0009. ISSN 1538-5000. S2CID 161377890.
  4. ^ "A History of Twentieth-Century Russia. Critical Compassion to the Russian Revolution". The Economist. Vol. 346. 1998. p. 85.
  5. ^ a b Земсков, Виктор (1995). "К вопросу о масштабах репрессий в СССР". Социологические исследования (9): 118–127. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  6. ^ Земсков, Виктор (1994). (PDF). Россия XXI (№ 1–2): 107–124. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  7. ^ Лопатников, Леонид (2009). "К дискуссиям о статистике "Большого террора"". Вестник Европы (№ 26–27). Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  8. ^ Rousso, Henry; Golsan, Richard (2004). Stalinism and nazism: history and memory compared. U of Nebraska Press. p. 92. ISBN 0-8032-9000-4.
  9. ^ Максудов, Сергей (1995). "О публикациях в журнале "Социс"". Социологические исследования (9): 114–118. Retrieved 17 August 2011.

December 18, 2023
viktor, zemskov, viktor, nikolaevich, zemskov, russian, Ви, ктор, Никола, евич, Земско, january, 1946, june, 2015, soviet, russian, historian, doctor, habil, historical, sciences, 2005, research, associate, institute, russian, history, russian, academy, scienc. Viktor Nikolaevich Zemskov Russian Vi ktor Nikola evich Zemsko v 30 January 1946 22 June 2015 was a Soviet and Russian historian doctor habil of historical sciences 2005 research associate of the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 2 He was a specialist on the Gulag 3 Zemskov revealed in detail the secret police statistics about the Gulag resolving many disputes among Western historians about the number of people affected by political repression in the Soviet Union 4 Viktor Nikolaevich ZemskovViktor Nikolaevich ZemskovBorn 1946 01 30 30 January 1946Soviet UnionDied22 July 2015 2015 07 22 aged 69 NationalityRussianCitizenshipRussiaAlma materMoscow State UniversityKnown forHis studies on political repression in the Soviet UnionScientific careerFieldsHistoryInstitutionsthe Institute of Russian History Contents 1 Education and career 2 Publications 3 Books 4 Video 5 ReferencesEducation and career editIn 1981 Zemskov defended his candidate s PhD thesis Contribution by working class to strengthening the material technical base of agriculture in the USSR in the 1960s 1 In 1989 he joined the commission of the History Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences led by its corresponding member Yuri Polyakov to determine population losses and received access to statistical reports made by the OGPU NKVD MGB MVD and kept in the Central State Archive of the October Revolution CSAOR renamed the State Archive of the Russian Federation 5 6 According to Leonid Lopatnikov Zemskov was the only historian admitted to the archives for the reports and later the archives were again closed 7 Between 1990 and 1992 he published the first precise statistical data on the Gulag which were based on the Gulag archives 8 His papers were criticized by Sergei Maksudov In Maksudov s opinion Lev Razgon and his followers including Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn did not envisage the total number of the camps very well and markedly exaggerated their size At the same time from their experience they knew something extraordinarily important about the Archipelago its diabolical anti human nature On the other hand Zemskov who published many documents by the NKVD and KGB is very far from understanding of the Gulag essence and the nature of socio political processes in the country Without distinguishing the degree of accuracy and reliability of certain figures without making a critical analysis of sources without comparing new data with already known information Zemskov absolutizes the published materials by presenting them as the ultimate truth As a result his attempts to make generalized statements with reference to a particular document as a rule do not hold water 9 In response Zemskov wrote that the charge that Zemskov allegedly did not compare new data with already known information could not be called fair In his words the trouble with most western writers is that they do not benefit from such comparisons Zemskov added that when he tried not to overuse the juxtaposition of new information with old one it was only because of a sense of delicacy not to once again psychologically traumatize the researchers whose works used incorrect figures as it turned out after the publication of the statistics by the OGPU NKVD MGB MVD 5 In 2005 Zemskov defended his doctoral thesis Special settlers in the USSR 1930 1960 1 Publications editGetty Arch Rittersporn Gabor Zemskov Viktor October 1993 Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre war years a first approach on the basis of archival evidence PDF American Historical Review 98 4 1017 1049 doi 10 2307 2166597 JSTOR 2166597 Getty Arch Rittersporn Gabor Zemskov Viktor 1993 Les victimes de la repression penale dans l U R S S d avant guerre une premiere enquete a partir du temoignage des archives Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre war years a first approach on the basis of archival evidence Revue des etudes slaves in French 65 4 631 670 doi 10 3406 slave 1993 6134 JSTOR 43270097 GULAG istoriko sociologicheskij aspekt Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1991 No 7 S 3 16 GULAG istoriko sociologicheskij aspekt Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1991 No 6 S 10 27 Demografiya zaklyuchennyh specposelencev i ssylnyh 30 e 50 e gody Mir Rossii 1999 T VIII No 4 S 114 124 K voprosu o masshtabah repressij v SSSR Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1995 No 9 S 118 127 Ob uchete speckontingenta NKVD vo vsesoyuznyh perepisyah naseleniya 1937 i 1939 gg Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1991 No 2 S 74 75 Repatriaciya sovetskih grazhdan i ih dalnejshaya sudba 1944 1956 gg Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1995 No 6 S 3 13 Repatriaciya sovetskih grazhdan i ih dalnejshaya sudba 1944 1956 gg Sociologicheskie issledovaniya May 1995 No 5 S 3 13 Rozhdenie Vtoroj emigracii 1944 1952 Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1991 No 4 S 3 24 Specposelency po dokumentam NKVD MVD SSSR Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1990 No 11 S 3 17 Sudba kulackoj ssylki v poslevoennoe vremya Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1992 No 8 S 18 37 Kulackaya ssylka nakanune i v gody Velikoj otechestvennoj vojny Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 1992 No 2 S 3 26 Politicheskie repressii v SSSR 1917 1990 gg Rossiya XXI 1994 No 1 2 S 107 124 Books editSpecposelency v SSSR 1930 1960 Moskva Nauka 2005 306 stranic ISBN 5 02 010315 2 Stalin i narod Pochemu ne bylo vosstaniya Moskva Algoritm 2014 239 stranic ISBN 978 5 4438 0677 8 Narod i vojna Stranicy istorii sovetskogo naroda nakanune i v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny 1938 1945 Moskva 2014 288 stranic Video editVideo containing an interview with Viktor Zemskov about statistics of political repression in the USSR in English on YouTubeReferences edit a b c Viktor Zemskov on the website of the Institute of Russian History VIKTOR NIKOLAEVICh ZEMSKOV Nekrolog Institute of Russian History Retrieved 12 August 2015 Klimkova Oxana Winter 2007 Special Settlements in Soviet Russia in the 1930s 50s Kritika Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 8 1 105 139 doi 10 1353 kri 2007 0009 ISSN 1538 5000 S2CID 161377890 A History of Twentieth Century Russia Critical Compassion to the Russian Revolution The Economist Vol 346 1998 p 85 a b Zemskov Viktor 1995 K voprosu o masshtabah repressij v SSSR Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 9 118 127 Retrieved 14 August 2011 Zemskov Viktor 1994 Politicheskie repressii v SSSR 1917 1990 gg PDF Rossiya XXI 1 2 107 124 Archived from the original PDF on 30 March 2012 Retrieved 17 August 2011 Lopatnikov Leonid 2009 K diskussiyam o statistike Bolshogo terrora Vestnik Evropy 26 27 Retrieved 12 January 2014 Rousso Henry Golsan Richard 2004 Stalinism and nazism history and memory compared U of Nebraska Press p 92 ISBN 0 8032 9000 4 Maksudov Sergej 1995 O publikaciyah v zhurnale Socis Sociologicheskie issledovaniya 9 114 118 Retrieved 17 August 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Viktor Zemskov amp oldid 1186269965, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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