The Valley of Geysers (Russian: Долина гейзеров) is a geyser field on Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, and has the second largest concentration of geysers in the world. This six-kilometre-long (3.7 mi) basin with approximately ninety geysers and many hot springs is situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, predominantly on the left bank of the ever-deepening Geysernaya River, into which geothermal waters flow from a relatively young stratovolcano, Kikhpinych. Temperatures have been found to be 250 °C (482 °F), 500 m (1,640 ft) below the caldera ground.[1] It is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, which, in turn, is incorporated into the World Heritage Site "Volcanoes of Kamchatka". The valley is difficult to reach, with helicopters providing the only feasible means of transport.
The "pulsating" geysers of Kamchatka were discovered by a local scientist, Tatyana Ustinova, in 1941.[2] She published her findings fourteen years later, but there was little exploration of the area until 1972. A systematic survey was undertaken in the mid-1970s, and an automatic monitoring system was introduced in 1990. Over thirty geysers were given names; among these was the Giant geyser (Velikan), capable of producing a jet of water reaching up to 40 meters (131 ft). From the 1980s, the area was promoted across the Soviet Union as one of the tourist magnets of Kamchatka and the Russian Far East. Foreign tourists were allowed into the valley in 1991. About 3,000 tourists visited the site annually.[3]
2007 Mudflow damage and aftermathedit
On June 3, 2007, a massive mudflow inundated two thirds of the valley.[4]Oleg Mitvol of Russia's Service for the Oversight of Natural Resources said "we witnessed a unique natural event, but the consequences of such a natural catastrophe are irreversible."[5] The World Heritage Site also expressed its deep concern over the issue.[6] "This is tragic for humankind, in that we have lost one of the great natural wonders of the world", the World Wildlife Fund spokesman commented.[5] On June 5, it was reported that a thermal lake was forming above the valley.[7] The landslide occurred during filming of the documentary Wild Russia; it features footage of before and after the disaster.
The extent of permanent change is not yet clear, but may be less than was originally thought. As of June 9, 2007, waters have receded somewhat, exposing some of the submerged features. Velikan (Giant) Geyser, one of the field's largest, was not buried in the slide and has recently been observed to be active.[8]
Heavy rainfalls of 2013 contributed to the revival of the natural monument. A new landslide destroyed the natural dam, freeing up the springs. When the water subsided, the geysers started up again.
^Waltham, T (2001). "A guide to the volcanoes of the southern Kamchatka, Russia" (PDF). Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 112: 67–78. doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(01)80051-1.
^"Natural Wonder of the World Transformed within Hours, says World Wildlife Fund". earthtimes.com. 2007-06-04. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
^"Mudslide fully changes terrain in Kamchatka's Valley of Geysers". ITAR-TASS. 2007-06-03. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
^Mehta, Aalok (2007-06-05). . National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on June 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
^ abHeintz, Jim (2007-06-05). . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
^Harding, Luke (2007-06-05). "Mudslide fully changes terrain in Kamchatka's Valley of Geysers". Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
^Shpilenok, Igor (2007-06-09). . Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
Further readingedit
Устинова, Т. И. (1955). Камчатские гейзеры / Geysers of Kamchatka (in Russian). Moscow: State Publisher of Geography Literature. pp. 119 pp. (Google translation)
Google Earth model of the Valley of Geysers – photos, movies, maps, schemes, landslide animation
"Valley Of Geysers, Kamchatka". valleyofgeysers.com.
Russianedit
With English translation.
Description of the Valley of Geysers on the Official website of Kronotsky Nature Reserve
Russian and Englishedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Valley of Geysers.
Valley of Geysers – what actually happened, Leonov and Leonov, Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 June 2007
valley, geysers, russian, Долина, гейзеров, geyser, field, kamchatka, peninsula, russia, second, largest, concentration, geysers, world, this, kilometre, long, basin, with, approximately, ninety, geysers, many, springs, situated, kamchatka, peninsula, russian,. The Valley of Geysers Russian Dolina gejzerov is a geyser field on Kamchatka Peninsula Russia and has the second largest concentration of geysers in the world This six kilometre long 3 7 mi basin with approximately ninety geysers and many hot springs is situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East predominantly on the left bank of the ever deepening Geysernaya River into which geothermal waters flow from a relatively young stratovolcano Kikhpinych Temperatures have been found to be 250 C 482 F 500 m 1 640 ft below the caldera ground 1 It is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve which in turn is incorporated into the World Heritage Site Volcanoes of Kamchatka The valley is difficult to reach with helicopters providing the only feasible means of transport Valley of GeysersGeyser fieldThe Valley of Geysers in 2018Location in Kamchatka Krai RussiaCoordinates 54 25 52 N 160 08 20 E 54 431 N 160 139 E 54 431 160 139LocationKamchatka Peninsula Russia Contents 1 History 2 2007 Mudflow damage and aftermath 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External links 5 1 Russian 5 2 Russian and EnglishHistory edit nbsp A Soviet postage stamp from 1966 The pulsating geysers of Kamchatka were discovered by a local scientist Tatyana Ustinova in 1941 2 She published her findings fourteen years later but there was little exploration of the area until 1972 A systematic survey was undertaken in the mid 1970s and an automatic monitoring system was introduced in 1990 Over thirty geysers were given names among these was the Giant geyser Velikan capable of producing a jet of water reaching up to 40 meters 131 ft From the 1980s the area was promoted across the Soviet Union as one of the tourist magnets of Kamchatka and the Russian Far East Foreign tourists were allowed into the valley in 1991 About 3 000 tourists visited the site annually 3 2007 Mudflow damage and aftermath editOn June 3 2007 a massive mudflow inundated two thirds of the valley 4 Oleg Mitvol of Russia s Service for the Oversight of Natural Resources said we witnessed a unique natural event but the consequences of such a natural catastrophe are irreversible 5 The World Heritage Site also expressed its deep concern over the issue 6 This is tragic for humankind in that we have lost one of the great natural wonders of the world the World Wildlife Fund spokesman commented 5 On June 5 it was reported that a thermal lake was forming above the valley 7 The landslide occurred during filming of the documentary Wild Russia it features footage of before and after the disaster The extent of permanent change is not yet clear but may be less than was originally thought As of June 9 2007 waters have receded somewhat exposing some of the submerged features Velikan Giant Geyser one of the field s largest was not buried in the slide and has recently been observed to be active 8 Heavy rainfalls of 2013 contributed to the revival of the natural monument A new landslide destroyed the natural dam freeing up the springs When the water subsided the geysers started up again nbsp Infrared image of the landslide 20 June 2007 source source source source source source source source Bolshoi Large geyser eruptionReferences edit Waltham T 2001 A guide to the volcanoes of the southern Kamchatka Russia PDF Proceedings of the Geologists Association 112 67 78 doi 10 1016 s0016 7878 01 80051 1 Natural Wonder of the World Transformed within Hours says World Wildlife Fund earthtimes com 2007 06 04 Archived from the original on 2012 07 30 Retrieved 2007 06 05 Mudslide fully changes terrain in Kamchatka s Valley of Geysers ITAR TASS 2007 06 03 Retrieved 2007 06 05 Mehta Aalok 2007 06 05 Photo in the News Russia s Valley of the Geysers Lost in Landslide National Geographic Society Archived from the original on June 17 2007 Retrieved 2007 06 07 a b Heintz Jim 2007 06 05 Massive landslide destroys natural wonder of Russia s Valley of Geysers The Independent Archived from the original on 2007 06 07 Retrieved 2007 06 05 Official site of the World Heritage Centre Harding Luke 2007 06 05 Mudslide fully changes terrain in Kamchatka s Valley of Geysers Guardian Unlimited Retrieved 2007 06 05 Shpilenok Igor 2007 06 09 June 2007 Special release The Natural Disaster at the Valley of the Geysers Archived from the original on 2007 05 13 Retrieved 2007 06 09 Further reading editUstinova T I 1955 Kamchatskie gejzery Geysers of Kamchatka in Russian Moscow State Publisher of Geography Literature pp 119 pp Google translation Diana Gealdhill Kamchatka Odyssey Books 2007 Semenkov I N Klink G V Lebedeva M P Krupskaya V V Chernov M S Dorzhieva O V Kazinskiy M T Sokolov V N Zavadskaya A V The variability of soils and vegetation of hydrothermal fields in the Valley of Geysers at Kamchatka PeninsulaExternal links editLandslide buries Valley of the Geysers at NASA Earth Observatory Google Earth model of the Valley of Geysers photos movies maps schemes landslide animation Valley Of Geysers Kamchatka valleyofgeysers com Russian edit Map of the Valley of Geysers and scheme of the landslide and the landslide dammed lake With English translation Description of the Valley of Geysers on the Official website of Kronotsky Nature Reserve Russian and English edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Valley of Geysers Valley of Geysers what actually happened Leonov and Leonov Institute of Volcanology and Seismology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 10 June 2007 Portal nbsp Russia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Valley of Geysers amp oldid 1220021827, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
