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Valjean McCarty Hessing

January 01, 1970

Valjean McCarty Hessing (August 30, 1934 – October 7, 2006) was a Choctaw painter, who worked in the Bacone flatstyle. Throughout her career, she won 9- awards for her work and was designated a Master Artist by the Five Civilized Tribes Museum in 1976. Her artworks are in collections of the Heard Museum of Phoenix, Arizona; the Philbrook Museum of Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma; the Southern Plains Indian Museum in Anadarko, Oklahoma; and the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian of Santa Fe, New Mexico, among others.

Valjean McCarty Hessing
Hessing, 1985
Born
Valjean McCarty

(1934-08-30)August 30, 1934
Tulsa, Oklahoma
DiedOctober 7, 2006(2006-10-07) (aged 72)
Onarga, Illinois
NationalityChoctaw Nation of Oklahoma, American
EducationMary Hardin–Baylor College
University of Tulsa
Occupationpainter
Years active1945–2006
RelativesJane McCarty Mauldin (sister)

Early life edit

Valjean McCarty was born on August 30, 1934, in Tulsa, Oklahoma to Madelyn Helen (née Beck) and Vernon Clay McCarty. Her family were members of the Choctaw Nation[1] and she was the oldest of four siblings, Carol Jean "Jane", Patrick, and Judy Louise.[2] Her father was a plumber and an honorary tribal leader. Because he often had to travel for work, given that in-door plumbing was still uncommon,[3] Valjean was raised in Tulsa in the home of her maternal grandparents, Sada and Fred Beck,[1][4] who were of Welch ancestry.[3] Her paternal grandparents, were Etta Regina (née Davis),[1] who was Choctaw[5] and Carl McCarty.[1]

In grade school, McCarty wanted to become an artist,[1] but when her father asked a local well-known artist where she and Jane could study painting, he was told that women could not be painters.[6] Undaunted, when she won a scholarship at age 11 to attend weekend educational programs at the Philbrook Art Center, she accepted and studied art history, dancing, painting and pottery.[3] From 1945, she participated in art shows at Philbrook, winning numerous local, state and national prizes for her artwork.[1] After graduating from Tulsa Central High School in 1952, she won three college scholarships and chose to attend Mary Hardin–Baylor College in Belton, Texas. While she was at Baylor, she met Robert C. Hessing,[7] a veteran of the Korean War and mathematician.[8] The couple married in 1954.[1] That year, she returned to Tulsa to study at the University of Tulsa under the tutelage of Alexandre Hogue.[9] Completing her studies in 1955, McCarty took several years off to raise her children, Robert Bart, Jane Ann, Lauri Lynn, and Bradly Lewis,[1] though she continued her study of art and in 1962, taught herself the Bacone flatstyle of painting.[9]

Career edit

Hessing is most known for her narrative history paintings in gouache using earth tones on a white background in the two-dimensional perspective of Flatstyle,[9][10] a Native painting movement widespread in the 20th century. To give the appearance of depth, fine lines were added, as shading was not permitted.[11] Though the flat-style was typically associated with previous generations of Native painters[12] and Hessing was often discouraged by men who believed women should not paint,[6] Hessing felt that it was important to keep the tradition alive.[12] To make the work accurate, Native artists were required to do research to accurately portray the story of a custom or historic event meticulously reproducing garments, motifs, and themes.[11] She sought to capture the wide spectrum of complexions among people and typically painted scenes of Choctaw daily life or focused on historic images and legends of her people.[10][12]

In 1962, Hessing returned to painting and began entering art exhibits like the Scottsdale National Indian Art Exhibition (1962) in Arizona, the U.S. Department of Interior Art exhibition (1964) in Washington, DC, the Tulsa Council of Indians Exhibition (1965), and the Second Annual Invitational Exhibition of American Indian Paintings (1965) in Washington, DC.[1] In 1966 at the Philbrook Indian Annual, Hessing placed second, behind Joan Hill (Muscogee Creek/Cherokee, 1930–2020),[13] the first woman designated as a "Master Artist" by the Five Civilized Tribes Museum.[14] In 1971, Hessing won first prize for painting in the Scottsdale Exhibition's 10th Annual[15] and the following year was the Choctaw Heritage Award winner at the Five Civilized Tribes Museum in Muskogee, Oklahoma.[16] She often exhibited her works with her sister Jane, the Heard Museum of Phoenix produced an exhibition featuring the two women in 1972. The following year, the Philbrook selected Hessing's work for a solo exhibition.[9] In 1973, when her husband was appointed as director of research and development at Amoco, the family relocated to Naperville, Illinois.[8][11]

In 1976, Hessing earned the distinction of "Master Artist" from the Five Civilized Tribes Museum.[Notes 1] The designation is the highest honor bestowed by the museum and through 2008 only 35 artists had earned the distinction.[19] Among her contemporaries, who had earned the distinction at the time of her recognition were Troy Anderson (Cherokee of Northeastern Alabama), Bob Bell (Choctaw Nation), Enoch Kelly Haney (Seminole/Muscogee Creek), Joan Hill (Muscogee Creek/Cherokee), Saint Clair Homer II (Choctaw Nation), Bert Seabourn, Jason Stone, and Willard Stone.[18][Notes 2] In 1978, Hessing was honored by the Heard Museum with the Popovi Da Memorial and won the Pierce-Avery Memorial Award for her work Removal to Indian Territory.[21] She won the Pierce-Avery Memorial Award a second time in 1980[22] and that year had a solo exhibit in Washington, DC, at Via Gambaro Gallery.[9]

Hessing was one of the featured artists who exhibited in 1983 at the Mary B. Rogers Gallery of the Millicent Rogers Museum in Taos, New Mexico.[23] The following year, her family returned to Tulsa, when her husband was appointed to head Amoco's Computing Research Division.[8] In 1985, she participated along with her sister Jane and Mary Adair (Cherokee Nation), Jean Bales (Iowa), Joan Brown, Sharron Ahtone Harjo (Kiowa), Ruthe Blalock Jones (Shawnee/Peoria), and Virginia Stroud (Keetoowah Band Cherokee/Muscogee Creek) in the Daughters of the Earth exhibition which traveled for three years (1985–1988), touring in the United States and Europe.[24] Throughout her career, she won 90 honors for her paintings, which included nine grand awards.[17]

Death and legacy edit

When Hessing's husband retired in the early 1990s, the couple moved to Onarga, Illinois.[8] There she died on October 7, 2006.[25]

The U.S. Department of the Interior has preserved her works in two collections — Amerindian Circle and Indian Arts and Crafts Board, both located in Washington, DC.[17] She also has works in the permanent collections of the Heard Museum of Phoenix; the Philbrook Museum in Tulsa; the Southeast Missouri State University Museum at Cape Girardeau, Missouri; the Southern Plains Indian Museum in Anadarko, Oklahoma; and the Wheelwright Museum in Santa Fe, as well as in private collections.[11] [17] In 2008, the Institute of American Indian Arts hosted a retrospective of her works, Valjean McCarty Hessing Honored, and her painting The Black Hat was featured on the cover of The Santa Fe New Mexican's issue of February 1, 2008.[10] In 2012, her work Some Died along the Way (1969) was one of the pieces exhibited from the James T. Bialac Native American Art Collection acquired by the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art in Norman, Oklahoma.[26] In 2019, she was among the women artists featured in the Five Civilized Tribes Museum's Women of the Five Civilized Tribes Exhibit.[27]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Broder states Hessing's designation occurred in 1986;[12] however, the date 1976 given by King[17] seems more likely, given that when Wall wrote her article in 1981, Hessing was noted for having already earned the designation of "Master Artist".[18]
  2. ^ Upon the passage of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, Seabourn, Willard Stone, and his son Jason, among others were forbidden to show their works as Indigenous artists. The legislation required that Native artists be members of a federally or state recognized tribe or be a tribally designated artisan.[20]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Snodgrass 1968, p. 74.
  2. ^ U. S. Census 1940, p. 7A.
  3. ^ a b c Broder 2013, p. 314.
  4. ^ U. S. Census 1930, p. 10A.
  5. ^ Dawes Rolls 1903.
  6. ^ a b Oklahoma Today 1998, p. 24.
  7. ^ Broder 2013, pp. 314–315.
  8. ^ a b c d The Chicago Tribune 1998, p. 28.
  9. ^ a b c d e King 2013, p. 829.
  10. ^ a b c The Santa Fe New Mexican 2008, p. Z6.
  11. ^ a b c d Stevenson 1974, p. 22.
  12. ^ a b c d Broder 2013, p. 318.
  13. ^ The Santa Fe New Mexican 1966, p. 35.
  14. ^ Synar 2019.
  15. ^ Bucklew 1971, p. 143.
  16. ^ The Indian Journal 1972, p. 11.
  17. ^ a b c d King 2013, p. 830.
  18. ^ a b Wall 1981, p. 6.
  19. ^ Coleman 2008.
  20. ^ DeFrange 1991.
  21. ^ Price 1978, p. H1-2.
  22. ^ The Arizona Republic 1980, p. 25.
  23. ^ The Taos News 1983, p. 21.
  24. ^ Price 1985.
  25. ^ The Chicago Tribune 2006, p. 1-19.
  26. ^ Brandenburg 2012, p. 59.
  27. ^ Spaulding 2019.

Bibliography edit

  • Brandenburg, John (September 30, 2012). "American Indian artwork exhibit arrives at OU". The Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 59. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • Broder, Patricia Janis (2013). Earth Songs, Moon Dreams: Paintings by American Indian Women. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-4668-5972-2.
  • Bucklew, Joan (February 28, 1971). "Scottsdale's Indian Arts show celebrates its 10th anniversary, largest and finest in the world". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. p. 143. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • Coleman, Travina (November 1, 2008). . The Muskogee Phoenix. Muskogee, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • DeFrange, Ann (February 16, 1991). . The Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • King, Jeanne O. Snodgrass (2013). "Hessing, Valjean McCarty (1934-)". In Heller, Jules; Heller, Nancy G. (eds.). North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary. New York, New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 829–831. ISBN 978-1-135-63889-4.
  • Price, Hardy (November 23, 1978). "Indian exhibit to open at Heard Museum (pt. 1)". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. p. H1. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com. and Price, Hardy (November 23, 1978). "Indian exhibit (pt. 2)". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. p. H2. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • Price, Mary Sue (February 24, 1985). . The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 4, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  • Snodgrass, Jeanne O., ed. (1968). "Hessing, Valjean McCarty". American Indian Painters: A Biographical Directory. Vol. 21. New York, New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-934-49030-6.
  • Spaulding, Cathy (May 8, 2019). . The Muskogee Phoenix. Muskogee, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  • Stevenson, Carol (July 24, 1974). "Indian art has a variety of rules to be followed". The Paducah Sun. Paducah, Kentucky. Copley News Service. p. 22. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • Synar, Edwyna (August 2, 2019). . The Norman Transcript. Norman, Oklahoma. CNHI. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • Wall, Judith (Winter 1981). "Buying A Homegrown Masterpiece: Oklahoma's Indian Art". Oklahoma Today. 32 (1). Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation: 4–9. ISSN 0030-1892. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • "1930 U. S. Census: City of Tulsa, Tulsa County, Oklahoma". FamilySearch. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 7, 1930. p. 10A. NARA digital publication T626, Roll #1936, lines 25–32. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • "1940 U. S. Census: Porter Township, Muskogee County, Oklahoma". FamilySearch. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 24, 1940. p. 7A. NARA digital publication T627, Roll #3314, lines 3–9. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • "Across the Range—Visions and Voices: The Artists' Perspectives". Oklahoma Today. 48 (4). Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation: 18–27. May–June 1998. ISSN 0030-1892. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • . okhistory.org. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Historical Society. 1903. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  • "Five Civilized Tribes Art Show". The Indian Journal. Eufaula, Oklahoma. October 12, 1972. p. 11. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "Heard names winners in Indian-arts exhibit". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. November 27, 1980. p. 25. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "New Mexico's Indian artists score well in American Indian Artist Exhibit". The Santa Fe New Mexican. Santa Fe, New Mexico. May 8, 1966. p. 35. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "Obituaries: Hessing". The Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. September 15, 1998. p. 28. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "Obituaries: Hessing, Valjean". The Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. October 14, 2006. pp. 1–19. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "On the Cover". The Santa Fe New Mexican. Santa Fe, New Mexico. February 1, 2008. p. Z6. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "Rogers displays native graphics". The Taos News. Taos, New Mexico. January 13, 1983. p. 21. Retrieved August 6, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.

January 01, 1970
valjean, mccarty, hessing, august, 1934, october, 2006, choctaw, painter, worked, bacone, flatstyle, throughout, career, awards, work, designated, master, artist, five, civilized, tribes, museum, 1976, artworks, collections, heard, museum, phoenix, arizona, ph. Valjean McCarty Hessing August 30 1934 October 7 2006 was a Choctaw painter who worked in the Bacone flatstyle Throughout her career she won 9 awards for her work and was designated a Master Artist by the Five Civilized Tribes Museum in 1976 Her artworks are in collections of the Heard Museum of Phoenix Arizona the Philbrook Museum of Art in Tulsa Oklahoma the Southern Plains Indian Museum in Anadarko Oklahoma and the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian of Santa Fe New Mexico among others Valjean McCarty HessingHessing 1985BornValjean McCarty 1934 08 30 August 30 1934Tulsa OklahomaDiedOctober 7 2006 2006 10 07 aged 72 Onarga IllinoisNationalityChoctaw Nation of Oklahoma AmericanEducationMary Hardin Baylor CollegeUniversity of TulsaOccupationpainterYears active1945 2006RelativesJane McCarty Mauldin sister Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Death and legacy 4 Notes 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 BibliographyEarly life editValjean McCarty was born on August 30 1934 in Tulsa Oklahoma to Madelyn Helen nee Beck and Vernon Clay McCarty Her family were members of the Choctaw Nation 1 and she was the oldest of four siblings Carol Jean Jane Patrick and Judy Louise 2 Her father was a plumber and an honorary tribal leader Because he often had to travel for work given that in door plumbing was still uncommon 3 Valjean was raised in Tulsa in the home of her maternal grandparents Sada and Fred Beck 1 4 who were of Welch ancestry 3 Her paternal grandparents were Etta Regina nee Davis 1 who was Choctaw 5 and Carl McCarty 1 In grade school McCarty wanted to become an artist 1 but when her father asked a local well known artist where she and Jane could study painting he was told that women could not be painters 6 Undaunted when she won a scholarship at age 11 to attend weekend educational programs at the Philbrook Art Center she accepted and studied art history dancing painting and pottery 3 From 1945 she participated in art shows at Philbrook winning numerous local state and national prizes for her artwork 1 After graduating from Tulsa Central High School in 1952 she won three college scholarships and chose to attend Mary Hardin Baylor College in Belton Texas While she was at Baylor she met Robert C Hessing 7 a veteran of the Korean War and mathematician 8 The couple married in 1954 1 That year she returned to Tulsa to study at the University of Tulsa under the tutelage of Alexandre Hogue 9 Completing her studies in 1955 McCarty took several years off to raise her children Robert Bart Jane Ann Lauri Lynn and Bradly Lewis 1 though she continued her study of art and in 1962 taught herself the Bacone flatstyle of painting 9 Career editHessing is most known for her narrative history paintings in gouache using earth tones on a white background in the two dimensional perspective of Flatstyle 9 10 a Native painting movement widespread in the 20th century To give the appearance of depth fine lines were added as shading was not permitted 11 Though the flat style was typically associated with previous generations of Native painters 12 and Hessing was often discouraged by men who believed women should not paint 6 Hessing felt that it was important to keep the tradition alive 12 To make the work accurate Native artists were required to do research to accurately portray the story of a custom or historic event meticulously reproducing garments motifs and themes 11 She sought to capture the wide spectrum of complexions among people and typically painted scenes of Choctaw daily life or focused on historic images and legends of her people 10 12 In 1962 Hessing returned to painting and began entering art exhibits like the Scottsdale National Indian Art Exhibition 1962 in Arizona the U S Department of Interior Art exhibition 1964 in Washington DC the Tulsa Council of Indians Exhibition 1965 and the Second Annual Invitational Exhibition of American Indian Paintings 1965 in Washington DC 1 In 1966 at the Philbrook Indian Annual Hessing placed second behind Joan Hill Muscogee Creek Cherokee 1930 2020 13 the first woman designated as a Master Artist by the Five Civilized Tribes Museum 14 In 1971 Hessing won first prize for painting in the Scottsdale Exhibition s 10th Annual 15 and the following year was the Choctaw Heritage Award winner at the Five Civilized Tribes Museum in Muskogee Oklahoma 16 She often exhibited her works with her sister Jane the Heard Museum of Phoenix produced an exhibition featuring the two women in 1972 The following year the Philbrook selected Hessing s work for a solo exhibition 9 In 1973 when her husband was appointed as director of research and development at Amoco the family relocated to Naperville Illinois 8 11 In 1976 Hessing earned the distinction of Master Artist from the Five Civilized Tribes Museum Notes 1 The designation is the highest honor bestowed by the museum and through 2008 only 35 artists had earned the distinction 19 Among her contemporaries who had earned the distinction at the time of her recognition were Troy Anderson Cherokee of Northeastern Alabama Bob Bell Choctaw Nation Enoch Kelly Haney Seminole Muscogee Creek Joan Hill Muscogee Creek Cherokee Saint Clair Homer II Choctaw Nation Bert Seabourn Jason Stone and Willard Stone 18 Notes 2 In 1978 Hessing was honored by the Heard Museum with the Popovi Da Memorial and won the Pierce Avery Memorial Award for her work Removal to Indian Territory 21 She won the Pierce Avery Memorial Award a second time in 1980 22 and that year had a solo exhibit in Washington DC at Via Gambaro Gallery 9 Hessing was one of the featured artists who exhibited in 1983 at the Mary B Rogers Gallery of the Millicent Rogers Museum in Taos New Mexico 23 The following year her family returned to Tulsa when her husband was appointed to head Amoco s Computing Research Division 8 In 1985 she participated along with her sister Jane and Mary Adair Cherokee Nation Jean Bales Iowa Joan Brown Sharron Ahtone Harjo Kiowa Ruthe Blalock Jones Shawnee Peoria and Virginia Stroud Keetoowah Band Cherokee Muscogee Creek in the Daughters of the Earth exhibition which traveled for three years 1985 1988 touring in the United States and Europe 24 Throughout her career she won 90 honors for her paintings which included nine grand awards 17 Death and legacy editWhen Hessing s husband retired in the early 1990s the couple moved to Onarga Illinois 8 There she died on October 7 2006 25 The U S Department of the Interior has preserved her works in two collections Amerindian Circle and Indian Arts and Crafts Board both located in Washington DC 17 She also has works in the permanent collections of the Heard Museum of Phoenix the Philbrook Museum in Tulsa the Southeast Missouri State University Museum at Cape Girardeau Missouri the Southern Plains Indian Museum in Anadarko Oklahoma and the Wheelwright Museum in Santa Fe as well as in private collections 11 17 In 2008 the Institute of American Indian Arts hosted a retrospective of her works Valjean McCarty Hessing Honored and her painting The Black Hat was featured on the cover of The Santa Fe New Mexican s issue of February 1 2008 10 In 2012 her work Some Died along the Way 1969 was one of the pieces exhibited from the James T Bialac Native American Art Collection acquired by the Fred Jones Jr Museum of Art in Norman Oklahoma 26 In 2019 she was among the women artists featured in the Five Civilized Tribes Museum s Women of the Five Civilized Tribes Exhibit 27 Notes edit Broder states Hessing s designation occurred in 1986 12 however the date 1976 given by King 17 seems more likely given that when Wall wrote her article in 1981 Hessing was noted for having already earned the designation of Master Artist 18 Upon the passage of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 Seabourn Willard Stone and his son Jason among others were forbidden to show their works as Indigenous artists The legislation required that Native artists be members of a federally or state recognized tribe or be a tribally designated artisan 20 References editCitations edit a b c d e f g h i Snodgrass 1968 p 74 U S Census 1940 p 7A a b c Broder 2013 p 314 U S Census 1930 p 10A Dawes Rolls 1903 a b Oklahoma Today 1998 p 24 Broder 2013 pp 314 315 a b c d The Chicago Tribune 1998 p 28 a b c d e King 2013 p 829 a b c The Santa Fe New Mexican 2008 p Z6 a b c d Stevenson 1974 p 22 a b c d Broder 2013 p 318 The Santa Fe New Mexican 1966 p 35 Synar 2019 Bucklew 1971 p 143 The Indian Journal 1972 p 11 a b c d King 2013 p 830 a b Wall 1981 p 6 Coleman 2008 DeFrange 1991 Price 1978 p H1 2 The Arizona Republic 1980 p 25 The Taos News 1983 p 21 Price 1985 The Chicago Tribune 2006 p 1 19 Brandenburg 2012 p 59 Spaulding 2019 Bibliography edit Brandenburg John September 30 2012 American Indian artwork exhibit arrives at OU The Oklahoman Oklahoma City Oklahoma p 59 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Broder Patricia Janis 2013 Earth Songs Moon Dreams Paintings by American Indian Women New York New York St Martin s Press ISBN 978 1 4668 5972 2 Bucklew Joan February 28 1971 Scottsdale s Indian Arts show celebrates its 10th anniversary largest and finest in the world The Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona p 143 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Coleman Travina November 1 2008 Art masters compete The Muskogee Phoenix Muskogee Oklahoma Archived from the original on August 3 2019 Retrieved August 6 2019 DeFrange Ann February 16 1991 Law Saddens Late Artist s Family The Oklahoman Oklahoma City Oklahoma Archived from the original on August 6 2019 Retrieved August 6 2019 King Jeanne O Snodgrass 2013 Hessing Valjean McCarty 1934 In Heller Jules Heller Nancy G eds North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century A Biographical Dictionary New York New York Taylor amp Francis pp 829 831 ISBN 978 1 135 63889 4 Price Hardy November 23 1978 Indian exhibit to open at Heard Museum pt 1 The Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona p H1 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com and Price Hardy November 23 1978 Indian exhibit pt 2 The Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona p H2 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Price Mary Sue February 24 1985 Artists Dip Deeply Into Heritage The Daily Oklahoman Oklahoma City Oklahoma Archived from the original on August 4 2019 Retrieved August 4 2019 Snodgrass Jeanne O ed 1968 Hessing Valjean McCarty American Indian Painters A Biographical Directory Vol 21 New York New York Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation p 74 ISBN 978 0 934 49030 6 Spaulding Cathy May 8 2019 Women the focus of art exhibit The Muskogee Phoenix Muskogee Oklahoma Archived from the original on August 3 2019 Retrieved August 4 2019 Stevenson Carol July 24 1974 Indian art has a variety of rules to be followed The Paducah Sun Paducah Kentucky Copley News Service p 22 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Synar Edwyna August 2 2019 Remember the Ladies Master artist The Norman Transcript Norman Oklahoma CNHI Archived from the original on August 6 2019 Retrieved August 6 2019 Wall Judith Winter 1981 Buying A Homegrown Masterpiece Oklahoma s Indian Art Oklahoma Today 32 1 Oklahoma City Oklahoma Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation 4 9 ISSN 0030 1892 Retrieved August 6 2019 1930 U S Census City of Tulsa Tulsa County Oklahoma FamilySearch Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration April 7 1930 p 10A NARA digital publication T626 Roll 1936 lines 25 32 Retrieved August 6 2019 1940 U S Census Porter Township Muskogee County Oklahoma FamilySearch Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration April 24 1940 p 7A NARA digital publication T627 Roll 3314 lines 3 9 Retrieved August 6 2019 Across the Range Visions and Voices The Artists Perspectives Oklahoma Today 48 4 Oklahoma City Oklahoma Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation 18 27 May June 1998 ISSN 0030 1892 Retrieved August 6 2019 Dawes Final Rolls Choctaw by Blood Card 4296 okhistory org Oklahoma City Oklahoma Oklahoma Historical Society 1903 Archived from the original on August 6 2019 Retrieved August 6 2019 Five Civilized Tribes Art Show The Indian Journal Eufaula Oklahoma October 12 1972 p 11 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Heard names winners in Indian arts exhibit The Arizona Republic Phoenix Arizona November 27 1980 p 25 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com New Mexico s Indian artists score well in American Indian Artist Exhibit The Santa Fe New Mexican Santa Fe New Mexico May 8 1966 p 35 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Obituaries Hessing The Chicago Tribune Chicago Illinois September 15 1998 p 28 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Obituaries Hessing Valjean The Chicago Tribune Chicago Illinois October 14 2006 pp 1 19 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com On the Cover The Santa Fe New Mexican Santa Fe New Mexico February 1 2008 p Z6 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Rogers displays native graphics The Taos News Taos New Mexico January 13 1983 p 21 Retrieved August 6 2019 via Newspapers com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Valjean McCarty Hessing amp oldid 1210232373, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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