On 16 May 1946, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Bombay and Titular bishop of Thennesus. Gracias received his episcopal consecration on the following 29 June from Archbishop Thomas Roberts SJ, with Bishops Victor Fernandes and Thomas Pothacamury as co-consecrators. Pope Pius XII promoted him to Archbishop of Bombay on 4 December 1950 to replace Roberts, a 57-year-old Englishman, who made way for the appointment of a native-born Indian.[4] Gracias demonstrated his support of Goan nationalism and an opponent of Portuguese colonial rule by presented an image of the Virgin Mary as an indigenous Indian, at a time when the populace was still accustomed to European representations.[5]
On 29 November 1952 Pope Pius XII announced he would create 24 new cardinals, increasing the size of the College of Cardinals to 70 members, its maximum at the time.[6] When one of those Pius named died on 28 December,[7] the Vatican announced on 29 December that Gracias would be made a cardinal, the first from India.[8] He was made Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Via Lata in the consistory of 12 January 1953.[9] Gracias was considered to be a conservative.[10] The Portuguese government denied reports that it was displeased with the honor bestowed upon Gracias.[11]
He was one of the 51 cardinal electors in the 1958 papal conclave and one of the 80 in the conclave of 1963. He attended the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), where he was one of 21 Council participants to present the closing messages of the Council on 8 December 1965.[12] He hosted the first papal visit to India in 1964, when Pope Paul VI attended the International Eucharistic Congress in Bombay,[2] preceded by a symposium of Catholic theologians to which he invited Hans Küng.[13] He later said that Pope Paul VI's Bombay visit inspired his encyclical Populorum progressio (1967).[3] In 1970 he was one of 15 prelates chosen to organize the 1971 Synod of Bishops, and he supported Pope Paul against critics of his approach to church governance and insistence of priestly celibacy.[14] From 1954 to 1972, he was President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India and in 1972 helped overcome Vatican skepticism and win Pope Paul's approval of the formation of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences.[15]
He fell ill in May 1978[16] and did not participate in the conclave of August 1978. Gracias died from cancer in Bombay 11 September 1978 at age 77.[16] He was buried in Holy Name Cathedral in Mumbai.[citation needed]
He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan award, second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India, on 26 January 1966.[17]
^ abcdVaz, J. Clement (1997). Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 45–7. ISBN9788170226192.
^ ab"Interview mit dem Erzbischof von Bombay, Kardinal Valerian Gracias" [Interview with the Archbishop of Bombay, Cardinal Valerian Gracias] (Interview). Österreichischer Mediathek. 11 May 1967. Retrieved 23 June 2018. The interview is conducted in English.
^Novak, Michael (2002). The Open Church. Routledge. p. 159. ISBN9781351478151.
^Albuquerque, Teresa (2000). "Liberation and the Goa Ethos". In Borges, Charles J.; Guilherme Pereira, Oscar; Stubbe, Hannes (eds.). Goa and Portugal: History and Development. Concept Publishing Company. p. 224. ISBN9788170228677. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
^Cortesi, Arnaldo (30 November 1952). "24 New Cardinals Named by Vatican; American Included" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^"Msgr. Agostini, 64, Succumbs in Italy" (PDF). New York Times. 28 December 1952. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^"Prelate in India to be a Cardinal" (PDF). New York Times. 30 December 1952. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^"A Cardinal for India". Time. 5 January 1953. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
^. Time. 21 August 1978. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011.
^"Lisbon Endorses Gracias" (PDF). New York Times. 22 January 1953. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
^. Christus Rex. Archived from the original on 31 October 1996. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
^Küng, Hans (2003). My Struggle for Freedom: Memoirs. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 407. ISBN9780802826596. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
^Hofmann, Paul (16 May 1970). "Pope Reproaches Belgian Cardinal". New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
^Fox, Thomas C. (23 February 2009). "Beloved 'Asian John XXIII' laid to rest in Korea". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
^ ab. Time. 25 September 1978. Archived from the original on 14 October 2010.
^(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Public Section. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
Sourcesedit
De Souza, Bento S. (1971). India's First Cardinal: Highlights in the Life of Valerian Cardinal Gracias. Examiner Press.
Pimenta, Simon (2002). Cardinal Valerian Gracias: His Life and Ministry. St. Paul's.
External linksedit
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Archived 13 April 2018 at archive.today
Catholic-Hierarchy
Audio recording with Valerian Gracias in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek(in English) Retrieved 27. March 2021
valerian, gracias, october, 1900, september, 1978, indian, cardinal, roman, catholic, church, served, archbishop, bombay, from, 1950, until, death, elevated, rank, cardinal, 1953, pope, pius, eminencepvcardinal, archbishop, bombaycardinal, greeted, members, in. Valerian Gracias 23 October 1900 11 September 1978 was an Indian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church He served as Archbishop of Bombay from 1950 until his death and was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1953 by Pope Pius XII His EminenceValerian GraciasPVCardinal Archbishop of BombayCardinal Valerian Gracias greeted by members of the Indian Maltese community at the La Valette Band Club in Malta in 1958ArchdioceseArchdiocese of BombayProvinceBombayMetropolisBombaySeeBombayInstalled4 December 1950Term ended11 September 1978PredecessorArchbishop Thomas Roberts S J SuccessorSimon PimentaOther post s Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria in Via Lata 1953 1978 Auxiliary Bishop of Bombay 1946 1950 President of the Catholic Bishop s Conference of India 1958 1972 Titular Bishop of Thennesus 1946 1950 OrdersOrdination3 October 1926Consecration29 June 1946by Archbishop Thomas Roberts S J Created cardinal12 January 1953by Pope Pius XIIRankCardinal PriestPersonal detailsBornValerian Gracias 1900 10 23 23 October 1900Karachi British IndiaDied11 September 1978 1978 09 11 aged 77 Bombay Maharashtra IndiaBuriedCathedral of the Holy Name Mumbai18 55 24 N 72 49 50 E 18 92333 N 72 83056 E 18 92333 72 83056NationalityIndianDenominationRoman CatholicResidenceMumbai IndiaParentsJose Gracias Father Carlota Gracias Mother Alma materSt Patrick s High School St Joseph s Seminary Mangalore Pontifical Seminary Kandy Pontifical Gregorian UniversityMottoFraternitatis Amore 1 Latin In the love of brotherhood English Ordination history of Valerian GraciasHistoryPriestly ordinationDate3 October 1926Episcopal consecrationPrincipal consecratorArchbishop Thomas Roberts S JCo consecratorsBishop Vittore Rosario Fernandes Bishop Thomas Pothacamury Pothakamuri Date29 June 1946CardinalateElevated byPope Pius XIIDate12 January 1953Episcopal successionBishops consecrated by Valerian Gracias as principal consecratorBishop Michael Rodrigues30 November 1953Bishop Longinus Gabriel Pereira11 August 1955Archbishop Dominic Romuald Basil Athaide O F M Cap20 May 1956Bishop John Burke1 November 1959Archbishop Angelo Innocent Fernandes1 November 1959Archbishop Hubert D Rosario S D B 6 September 1964Bishop Ignatius Salvador D Souza30 November 1966Bishop Winnibald Joseph Menezes3 February 1968Bishop Patrick Paul D Souza8 August 1970Bishop Joseph Robert Rodericks S J 9 January 1971Simon Ignatius Cardinal Pimenta29 June 1971Bishop Valerian D Souza25 September 1977Bishop Dominic Joseph Abreo9 April 1978 Contents 1 Biography 2 References 3 Sources 4 External linksBiography editValerian Gracias was born in Karachi British India in modern Pakistan to Jose d 1902 and Carlota Gracias His parents were from Dramapur Navelim Goa working in Karachi 2 He studied at St Patrick s High School in Karachi St Joseph Seminary in Mangalore and the Pontifical Seminary of Kandy in Ceylon 2 where he obtained his doctorate in theology Ordained to the priesthood on 3 October 1926 3 Gracias then did pastoral work in Bandra until November 1927 when he entered the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome He finished his studies at the Gregorian in 1929 and became private secretary to Archbishop Joachim Lima SJ and diocesan chancellor of Bombay 2 He served as a preacher and pastor and as the editor of various newspapers before being named the first Indian rector of Mumbai s Holy Name Cathedral in December 1941 On 16 May 1946 he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Bombay and Titular bishop of Thennesus Gracias received his episcopal consecration on the following 29 June from Archbishop Thomas Roberts SJ with Bishops Victor Fernandes and Thomas Pothacamury as co consecrators Pope Pius XII promoted him to Archbishop of Bombay on 4 December 1950 to replace Roberts a 57 year old Englishman who made way for the appointment of a native born Indian 4 Gracias demonstrated his support of Goan nationalism and an opponent of Portuguese colonial rule by presented an image of the Virgin Mary as an indigenous Indian at a time when the populace was still accustomed to European representations 5 On 29 November 1952 Pope Pius XII announced he would create 24 new cardinals increasing the size of the College of Cardinals to 70 members its maximum at the time 6 When one of those Pius named died on 28 December 7 the Vatican announced on 29 December that Gracias would be made a cardinal the first from India 8 He was made Cardinal Priest of S Maria in Via Lata in the consistory of 12 January 1953 9 Gracias was considered to be a conservative 10 The Portuguese government denied reports that it was displeased with the honor bestowed upon Gracias 11 He was one of the 51 cardinal electors in the 1958 papal conclave and one of the 80 in the conclave of 1963 He attended the Second Vatican Council 1962 1965 where he was one of 21 Council participants to present the closing messages of the Council on 8 December 1965 12 He hosted the first papal visit to India in 1964 when Pope Paul VI attended the International Eucharistic Congress in Bombay 2 preceded by a symposium of Catholic theologians to which he invited Hans Kung 13 He later said that Pope Paul VI s Bombay visit inspired his encyclical Populorum progressio 1967 3 In 1970 he was one of 15 prelates chosen to organize the 1971 Synod of Bishops and he supported Pope Paul against critics of his approach to church governance and insistence of priestly celibacy 14 From 1954 to 1972 he was President of the Catholic Bishops Conference of India and in 1972 helped overcome Vatican skepticism and win Pope Paul s approval of the formation of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences 15 He fell ill in May 1978 16 and did not participate in the conclave of August 1978 Gracias died from cancer in Bombay 11 September 1978 at age 77 16 He was buried in Holy Name Cathedral in Mumbai citation needed He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan award second highest civilian award of the Republic of India on 26 January 1966 17 References edit Cardinali motti parte prima a b c d Vaz J Clement 1997 Profiles of Eminent Goans Past and Present Concept Publishing Company pp 45 7 ISBN 9788170226192 a b Interview mit dem Erzbischof von Bombay Kardinal Valerian Gracias Interview with the Archbishop of Bombay Cardinal Valerian Gracias Interview Osterreichischer Mediathek 11 May 1967 Retrieved 23 June 2018 The interview is conducted in English Novak Michael 2002 The Open Church Routledge p 159 ISBN 9781351478151 Albuquerque Teresa 2000 Liberation and the Goa Ethos In Borges Charles J Guilherme Pereira Oscar Stubbe Hannes eds Goa and Portugal History and Development Concept Publishing Company p 224 ISBN 9788170228677 Retrieved 22 June 2018 Cortesi Arnaldo 30 November 1952 24 New Cardinals Named by Vatican American Included PDF New York Times Retrieved 6 September 2017 Msgr Agostini 64 Succumbs in Italy PDF New York Times 28 December 1952 Retrieved 6 September 2017 Prelate in India to be a Cardinal PDF New York Times 30 December 1952 Retrieved 6 September 2017 A Cardinal for India Time 5 January 1953 Retrieved 12 July 2016 In Search of a Pope Time 21 August 1978 Archived from the original on 24 May 2011 Lisbon Endorses Gracias PDF New York Times 22 January 1953 Retrieved 22 June 2018 Council Closing Messages Christus Rex Archived from the original on 31 October 1996 Retrieved 22 June 2018 Kung Hans 2003 My Struggle for Freedom Memoirs Wm B Eerdmans Publishing p 407 ISBN 9780802826596 Retrieved 22 June 2018 Hofmann Paul 16 May 1970 Pope Reproaches Belgian Cardinal New York Times Retrieved 22 June 2018 Fox Thomas C 23 February 2009 Beloved Asian John XXIII laid to rest in Korea National Catholic Reporter Retrieved 23 June 2018 a b Milestones Time 25 September 1978 Archived from the original on 14 October 2010 Padma Awards Directory 1954 2013 PDF Ministry of Home Affairs Public Section Archived from the original PDF on 15 October 2015 Retrieved 22 June 2018 Sources editDe Souza Bento S 1971 India s First Cardinal Highlights in the Life of Valerian Cardinal Gracias Examiner Press Pimenta Simon 2002 Cardinal Valerian Gracias His Life and Ministry St Paul s External links editCardinals of the Holy Roman Church Archived 13 April 2018 at archive today Catholic Hierarchy Audio recording with Valerian Gracias in the Online Archive of the Osterreichische Mediathek in English Retrieved 27 March 2021 Catholic Church titles Preceded byThomas Roberts SJ Archbishop of Bombay1950 1978 Succeeded bySimon Pimenta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Valerian Gracias amp oldid 1175617323, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
