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Valenki

Valenki (Russian: ва́ленки, IPA: [ˈvalʲɪnkʲɪ]; sg valenok (Russian: ва́ленок, IPA: [ˈvalʲɪnək])) are traditional Russian winter footwear, essentially felt boots: the name valenok literally means "made by felting". They are not water-resistant, and are often worn with galoshes to protect the soles from wear and moisture.

Russian valenki

Description edit

Valenki are usually worn for walking on dry snow in frosty weather. In order to prevent wear, the boots are often soled with leather, rubber or another durable material or worn with galoshes. Traditionally, valenki come in brown, black, gray and white, however, modern versions are often dyed or produced from colored artificial materials.

 
Russian soldier on skis wearing valenki boots

The use of felted footwear has been known for millennia, felt shoes have been found in Iron Age Siberian burials.[1] The origin of valenki has been speculated to trace back to the traditional felt boots worn by nomads of the Great Steppe (including Southern Rus'). The first modern valenki appeared in the early eighteenth century and became more widespread as Russian industrialization progressed, becoming cheaper and more accessible.[2]

Before the Russian Revolution, the production of valenki was concentrated in the Semenov district of Nizhny Novgorod province, in the Kineshma District of Kostroma province, and in the Kukmor in Kazan province. In 1900, contemporary jackboot fulling factories of Russia produced 1.4 million pairs of valenki for the value of 2.1 million rubles.[3] In 1900, a pair of valenki cost 1.5 rubles, in 1912 - 2 rubles, at the end of 1916 the speculative price reached up to 12-18 rubles per pair.

Valenki have become less popular in urban life since the middle of the twentieth century, as human activity has softened the winters in cities, requiring lighter and more waterproof footwear. In modern media, valenki are seen as a rustic, old-fashioned style of clothing; in cities they are usually worn by small children, or during especially severe frost. Valenki are included in the standard equipment of parts of the internal military service of the Russian army.[4]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Laufer, Berthold (January–March 1930). "The Early History of Felt". American Anthropologist. 32 (1): 11. doi:10.1525/aa.1930.32.1.02a00020 – via Wiley.
  2. ^ "Валенки русские". nauka.relis.ru. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  3. ^ Statistical Yearbook for 1912, ed. V. Sharago, St. Petersburg, 1912.
  4. ^ Russian Federation Government Resolution of 17 July 1995 N 720 "On Approval of the glove providing law for enforcement officers of the Russian Federation and norms of supply of glove property for commanding and enlisted personnel of the Interior of the Russian Federation, with the special title of the internal service

Sources edit

  • Békési, László (2006) Stalin's War: Soviet uniforms and militaria 1941-45. Ramsbury: The Crowood Press ISBN 1-86126-822-X
  • Zaloga, Steven J. (1989) The Red Army of the Great Patriotic War, 1941-45. London: Osprey ISBN 0-85045-939-7

External links edit

  • "Felt boot factory in Belarus - Smilovichi Felting Factory". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 2013-10-19.

valenki, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, november, 2016, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Valenki news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message Valenki Russian va lenki IPA ˈvalʲɪnkʲɪ sg valenok Russian va lenok IPA ˈvalʲɪnek are traditional Russian winter footwear essentially felt boots the name valenok literally means made by felting They are not water resistant and are often worn with galoshes to protect the soles from wear and moisture Russian valenki Contents 1 Description 2 See also 3 References 4 Sources 5 External linksDescription editValenki are usually worn for walking on dry snow in frosty weather In order to prevent wear the boots are often soled with leather rubber or another durable material or worn with galoshes Traditionally valenki come in brown black gray and white however modern versions are often dyed or produced from colored artificial materials nbsp Russian soldier on skis wearing valenki boots The use of felted footwear has been known for millennia felt shoes have been found in Iron Age Siberian burials 1 The origin of valenki has been speculated to trace back to the traditional felt boots worn by nomads of the Great Steppe including Southern Rus The first modern valenki appeared in the early eighteenth century and became more widespread as Russian industrialization progressed becoming cheaper and more accessible 2 Before the Russian Revolution the production of valenki was concentrated in the Semenov district of Nizhny Novgorod province in the Kineshma District of Kostroma province and in the Kukmor in Kazan province In 1900 contemporary jackboot fulling factories of Russia produced 1 4 million pairs of valenki for the value of 2 1 million rubles 3 In 1900 a pair of valenki cost 1 5 rubles in 1912 2 rubles at the end of 1916 the speculative price reached up to 12 18 rubles per pair Valenki have become less popular in urban life since the middle of the twentieth century as human activity has softened the winters in cities requiring lighter and more waterproof footwear In modern media valenki are seen as a rustic old fashioned style of clothing in cities they are usually worn by small children or during especially severe frost Valenki are included in the standard equipment of parts of the internal military service of the Russian army 4 See also editTelogreika Ushanka AfghankaReferences edit Laufer Berthold January March 1930 The Early History of Felt American Anthropologist 32 1 11 doi 10 1525 aa 1930 32 1 02a00020 via Wiley Valenki russkie nauka relis ru Retrieved 2022 12 13 Statistical Yearbook for 1912 ed V Sharago St Petersburg 1912 Russian Federation Government Resolution of 17 July 1995 N 720 On Approval of the glove providing law for enforcement officers of the Russian Federation and norms of supply of glove property for commanding and enlisted personnel of the Interior of the Russian Federation with the special title of the internal serviceSources editBekesi Laszlo 2006 Stalin s War Soviet uniforms and militaria 1941 45 Ramsbury The Crowood Press ISBN 1 86126 822 X Zaloga Steven J 1989 The Red Army of the Great Patriotic War 1941 45 London Osprey ISBN 0 85045 939 7External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Valenki Felt boot factory in Belarus Smilovichi Felting Factory Yahoo News Retrieved 2013 10 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Valenki amp oldid 1201461048, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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