Vacuum Oil Company was an American oil company known for its Gargoyle 600-W steam cylinder motor oil. After being taken over by the original Standard Oil Company and then becoming independent again, in 1931 Vacuum Oil merged with the Standard Oil Company of New York to form Socony-Vacuum, later renamed to Mobil and eventually merging with Standard Oil of New Jersey (itself renamed to Exxon) to form ExxonMobil in 1999.
Vacuum Oil was founded in 1866 by Matthew Ewing and Hiram Bond Everest, of Rochester, New York. Lubrication oil was an accidental discovery while attempting to distill kerosene. Everest noted the residue from the extraction was suitable as a lubricant. Soon after, the product became popular for use in steam engines and internal-combustion engines. Ewing sold his interest to Everest, who carried on the company.[1] Vacuum was bought by Standard Oil in 1879.
Socony-Vacuum station in the Dutch East Indies
It had used "Mobiloil" automobile lubricating oil brand since 1904, and by 1918 it became recognizable enough that the company filed it for registration as a trademark (it was registered in 1920).[2] When Standard Oil was broken up in 1911 due to the Sherman Antitrust Act, Vacuum became an independent company again.[3]
Socony-Vacuum gas station in Tiberias, Palestine, 1946
Vacuum Oil and Standard Oil of New York (Socony) merged in 1931, after the government gave up attempts to prevent it. The newly-combined entity, Socony-Vacuum Corp, was the world's third-largest oil company.[4]
In 1933, Socony-Vacuum and Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (which had oil production and refineries in Indonesia) merged their interests in the Far East into a 50–50 joint venture. Standard Vacuum Oil Company, or "Stanvac," operated in 50 countries, including New Zealand, China, and the region of East Africa, before it was dissolved in 1962.
In 1955, the company became Socony Mobil Oil Company.[6] In 1966, it was renamed Mobil Oil Corporation, later shortened to Mobil Corporation.[7]
Legal challengesedit
In 1887, founder Hiram Bond Everest and son Charles M. Everest were charged with conspiracy to destroy competitor Buffalo Lubricating Oil Co. It was alleged that, having sold a three-quarter interest in their company to Standard Oil, they were attempting to destroy their rival's refinery, preventing it from manufacturing petroleum products, and from acquiring Vacuum's skilled employees. One employee who had left Vacuum to work for Buffalo was Albert A. Miller, who was bribed to sabotage the new company's plant, causing an explosion. Hiram and Charles Everest were both found guilty, but there was insufficient evidence to prove the allegation that the Everests had acted under instructions from Standard Oil.[8]
In 1907, Vacuum Oil, Standard Oil, New York Central Railroad, and Pennsylvania Railroad were all indicted for violations in Inter-State Commerce laws. Vacuum Oil was charged with shipping 228 cars of petroleum and petroleum products to Standard Oil at unlawful rates, via the New York Central and Pennsylvania railroads.[9]
Referencesedit
^. Time Magazine, 1930. March 3, 1930. Archived from the original on July 16, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
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Vacuum Oil Company was an American oil company known for its Gargoyle 600 W steam cylinder motor oil After being taken over by the original Standard Oil Company and then becoming independent again in 1931 Vacuum Oil merged with the Standard Oil Company of New York to form Socony Vacuum later renamed to Mobil and eventually merging with Standard Oil of New Jersey itself renamed to Exxon to form ExxonMobil in 1999 Vacuum Oil CompanyTypePrivateIndustryPetroleumFoundedOctober 4 1866 1866 10 04 FounderMatthew Ewing Hiram EverestDefunctJuly 30 1931 1931 07 30 FateMerged with Standard Oil Company of New YorkSuccessorSocony VacuumProductsGasoline motor oilsBrandsMobiloil Mobilgas Mobilubricant Gargoyle Contents 1 History 2 Legal challenges 3 References 4 External linksHistory editVacuum Oil was founded in 1866 by Matthew Ewing and Hiram Bond Everest of Rochester New York Lubrication oil was an accidental discovery while attempting to distill kerosene Everest noted the residue from the extraction was suitable as a lubricant Soon after the product became popular for use in steam engines and internal combustion engines Ewing sold his interest to Everest who carried on the company 1 Vacuum was bought by Standard Oil in 1879 nbsp Socony Vacuum station in the Dutch East IndiesIt had used Mobiloil automobile lubricating oil brand since 1904 and by 1918 it became recognizable enough that the company filed it for registration as a trademark it was registered in 1920 2 When Standard Oil was broken up in 1911 due to the Sherman Antitrust Act Vacuum became an independent company again 3 nbsp Socony Vacuum gas station in Tiberias Palestine 1946Vacuum Oil and Standard Oil of New York Socony merged in 1931 after the government gave up attempts to prevent it The newly combined entity Socony Vacuum Corp was the world s third largest oil company 4 In 1933 Socony Vacuum and Standard Oil Company of New Jersey which had oil production and refineries in Indonesia merged their interests in the Far East into a 50 50 joint venture Standard Vacuum Oil Company or Stanvac operated in 50 countries including New Zealand China and the region of East Africa before it was dissolved in 1962 During World War II the Tschechowitz I amp II subcamps of Auschwitz in Czechowice Dziedzice provided forced labor for Vacuum Oil Company facilities in Poland which were captured and operated by Nazi Germany 5 In 1955 the company became Socony Mobil Oil Company 6 In 1966 it was renamed Mobil Oil Corporation later shortened to Mobil Corporation 7 Legal challenges editIn 1887 founder Hiram Bond Everest and son Charles M Everest were charged with conspiracy to destroy competitor Buffalo Lubricating Oil Co It was alleged that having sold a three quarter interest in their company to Standard Oil they were attempting to destroy their rival s refinery preventing it from manufacturing petroleum products and from acquiring Vacuum s skilled employees One employee who had left Vacuum to work for Buffalo was Albert A Miller who was bribed to sabotage the new company s plant causing an explosion Hiram and Charles Everest were both found guilty but there was insufficient evidence to prove the allegation that the Everests had acted under instructions from Standard Oil 8 In 1907 Vacuum Oil Standard Oil New York Central Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad were all indicted for violations in Inter State Commerce laws Vacuum Oil was charged with shipping 228 cars of petroleum and petroleum products to Standard Oil at unlawful rates via the New York Central and Pennsylvania railroads 9 References edit Vacuum Standardized Time Magazine 1930 March 3 1930 Archived from the original on July 16 2010 Retrieved December 1 2009 TESS Error Marius Vassiliou 2018 Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry 2nd Ed Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield ISBN 1538111594ISBN 978 1 5381 1159 8 Business amp Finance Socony Vacuum Corp Time Magazine 1931 August 10 1931 Archived from the original on November 22 2008 Retrieved December 1 2009 Sub Camps of Auschwitz Concentration Camp Auschwitz Birkenau Memorial and Museum auschwitz org pl Archived from the original on June 2 2009 Retrieved May 21 2009 Vacuum Oil Co Ltd Railway Gazette December 23 1955 page 554 SOCONY DROPPED FROM MOBIL NAME Stockholders Also Approve an Increase in Shares The New York Times May 18 1966 Retrieved September 16 2019 The Everests Convicted PDF New York Times 1887 May 16 1887 Retrieved December 1 2009 Standard Indicted By New York Jury PDF New York Times 1907 August 10 1907 Retrieved December 1 2009 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vacuum Oil Company Documents and clippings about Vacuum Oil Company in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vacuum Oil Company amp oldid 1160141860, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
