C-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF) (or vascular endothelial growth factor D, VEGF-D) is a vascular endothelial growth factor that in humans is encoded by the FIGFgene.[5]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family and is active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. This secreted protein undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation, generating multiple processed forms that bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 receptors. The structure and function of this protein is similar to those of vascular endothelial growth factor C.[5]
Tumor metastasis to lymph nodesedit
Lymph node metastasis is very often associated with several types of human malignancies. Cancer cells’ journey to lymph node takes place largely through lymphatic tunnel located in and around of primary tumor. VEGF-D's interactions with VEGFR-3 predominantly expressed in lymphatic vessels plays a key role in restructuring lymphatic channel and, hence, able to alter its functions related to fluid and cell transport along the conduits. VEGF-D has been established to be over-expressed in both tumor tissues and patients’ serum samples in several types of human cancer. In addition, VEGF-D expression has been implicated with increased incidence of regional lymph node metastasis. In experimental mice study, genetically modified tumor cell that was forced to produce VEGF-D protein have been established to boost up regional lymph nodes metastases.[6]
Referencesedit
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000165197 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031380 - Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Stacker SA, Caesar C, Baldwin ME, Thornton GE, Williams RA, Prevo R, Jackson DG, Nishikawa S, Kubo H, Achen MG (Feb 2001). "VEGF-D promotes the metastatic spread of tumor cells via the lymphatics". Nature Medicine. 7 (2): 186–91. doi:10.1038/84635. PMID 11175849. S2CID 24131240.
External linksedit
Human FIGF genome location and FIGF gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further readingedit
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Orlandini M, Marconcini L, Ferruzzi R, Oliviero S (Oct 1996). "Identification of a c-fos-induced gene that is related to the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (21): 11675–80. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9311675O. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11675. PMC38117. PMID 8876195.
Yamada Y, Nezu J, Shimane M, Hirata Y (Jun 1997). "Molecular cloning of a novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-D". Genomics. 42 (3): 483–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4774. PMID 9205122.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Achen MG, Jeltsch M, Kukk E, Mäkinen T, Vitali A, Wilks AF, Alitalo K, Stacker SA (Jan 1998). "Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (2): 548–53. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95..548A. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.548. PMC18457. PMID 9435229.
Rocchigiani M, Lestingi M, Luddi A, Orlandini M, Franco B, Rossi E, Ballabio A, Zuffardi O, Oliviero S (Jan 1998). "Human FIGF: cloning, gene structure, and mapping to chromosome Xp22.1 between the PIGA and the GRPR genes". Genomics. 47 (2): 207–16. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5079. PMID 9479493.
Stacker SA, Stenvers K, Caesar C, Vitali A, Domagala T, Nice E, Roufail S, Simpson RJ, Moritz R, Karpanen T, Alitalo K, Achen MG (Nov 1999). "Biosynthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor-D involves proteolytic processing which generates non-covalent homodimers". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (45): 32127–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.45.32127. PMID 10542248.
Nakamura Y, Yasuoka H, Tsujimoto M, Yang Q, Imabun S, Nakahara M, Nakao K, Nakamura M, Mori I, Kakudo K (Feb 2003). "Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor D in breast carcinoma with long-term follow-up". Clinical Cancer Research. 9 (2): 716–21. PMID 12576440.
Yokoyama Y, Charnock-Jones DS, Licence D, Yanaihara A, Hastings JM, Holland CM, Emoto M, Umemoto M, Sakamoto T, Sato S, Mizunuma H, Smith SK (Jan 2003). "Vascular endothelial growth factor-D is an independent prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian carcinoma". British Journal of Cancer. 88 (2): 237–44. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600701. PMC2377043. PMID 12610509.
Rissanen TT, Markkanen JE, Gruchala M, Heikura T, Puranen A, Kettunen MI, Kholová I, Kauppinen RA, Achen MG, Stacker SA, Alitalo K, Ylä-Herttuala S (May 2003). "VEGF-D is the strongest angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effector among VEGFs delivered into skeletal muscle via adenoviruses". Circulation Research. 92 (10): 1098–106. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000073584.46059.E3. PMID 12714562. S2CID 17360574.
Funaki H, Nishimura G, Harada S, Ninomiya I, Terada I, Fushida S, Tani T, Fujimura T, Kayahara M, Shimizu K, Ohta T, Miwa K (2003). "Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D is associated with lymph node metastasis in human colorectal carcinoma". Oncology. 64 (4): 416–22. doi:10.1159/000070301. PMID 12759540. S2CID 45760526.
Orlandini M, Semboloni S, Oliviero S (Nov 2003). "Beta-catenin inversely regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-D mRNA stability". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (45): 44650–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304255200. PMID 12920128.
McColl BK, Baldwin ME, Roufail S, Freeman C, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ, Alitalo K, Stacker SA, Achen MG (Sep 2003). "Plasmin activates the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 198 (6): 863–8. doi:10.1084/jem.20030361. PMC2194198. PMID 12963694.
Vlahakis NE, Young BA, Atakilit A, Sheppard D (Feb 2005). "The lymphangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and -D are ligands for the integrin alpha9beta1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (6): 4544–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M412816200. PMC1368959. PMID 15590642.
Kurahara H, Takao S, Maemura K, Shinchi H, Natsugoe S, Aikou T (Dec 2004). "Impact of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and -D expression in human pancreatic cancer: its relationship to lymph node metastasis". Clinical Cancer Research. 10 (24): 8413–20. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0379. PMID 15623620. S2CID 22659900.
Fink AM, Kaltenegger I, Schneider B, Frühauf J, Jurecka W, Steiner A (Dec 2004). "Serum level of VEGF-D in patients with primary lymphedema". Lymphology. 37 (4): 185–9. PMID 15693535.
Kaushal V, Mukunyadzi P, Dennis RA, Siegel ER, Johnson DE, Kohli M (Jan 2005). "Stage-specific characterization of the vascular endothelial growth factor axis in prostate cancer: expression of lymphangiogenic markers is associated with advanced-stage disease". Clinical Cancer Research. 11 (2 Pt 1): 584–93. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.584.11.2. PMID 15701844.
Yasuoka H, Nakamura Y, Zuo H, Tang W, Takamura Y, Miyauchi A, Nakamura M, Mori I, Kakudo K (Aug 2005). "VEGF-D expression and lymph vessels play an important role for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma". Modern Pathology. 18 (8): 1127–33. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800402. PMID 15803188.
February 13, 2024
induced, growth, factor, figf, vascular, endothelial, growth, factor, vegf, vascular, endothelial, growth, factor, that, humans, encoded, figf, gene, vegfdavailable, structurespdbortholog, search, pdbe, rcsblist, codes2xv7identifiersaliasesvegfd, vegf, figf, i. C fos induced growth factor FIGF or vascular endothelial growth factor D VEGF D is a vascular endothelial growth factor that in humans is encoded by the FIGF gene 5 VEGFDAvailable structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes2XV7IdentifiersAliasesVEGFD VEGF D FIGF C fos induced growth factor c fos induced growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor D vascular endothelial growth factor DExternal IDsOMIM 300091 MGI 108037 HomoloGene 3288 GeneCards VEGFDGene location Human Chr X chromosome human 1 BandXp22 2Start15 345 596 bp 1 End15 384 413 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr X chromosome mouse 2 BandX F5 X 76 35 cMStart163 156 374 bp 2 End163 185 646 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inright lungupper lobe of left lunglactiferous ductlower lobe of lunggastrocnemius musclegastric mucosaleft ventricledeltoid muscletibialis anterior muscleleft adrenal glandTop expressed inleft lung lobebelly cordright lungright lung lobevas deferenscalvariadermisuteruswhite adipose tissueendocardial cushionMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionprotein homodimerization activity platelet derived growth factor receptor binding chemoattractant activity protein binding vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding growth factor activity vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 bindingCellular componentmembrane extracellular region platelet alpha granule lumen extracellular spaceBiological processdopaminergic neuron differentiation cell differentiation positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis platelet degranulation induction of positive chemotaxis multicellular organism development positive regulation of cell population proliferation cell population proliferation positive regulation of cell division positive chemotaxis angiogenesis response to hypoxia positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation positive regulation of angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway regulation of signaling receptor activity response to bacterium positive regulation of protein phosphorylation sprouting angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathwaySources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez227714205EnsemblENSG00000165197ENSMUSG00000031380UniProtO43915P97946RefSeq mRNA NM 004469NM 010216NM 001308489RefSeq protein NP 004460NP 001295418NP 034346Location UCSC Chr X 15 35 15 38 MbChr X 163 16 163 19 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Function 2 Tumor metastasis to lymph nodes 3 References 4 External links 5 Further readingFunction editThe protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet derived growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor PDGF VEGF family and is active in angiogenesis lymphangiogenesis and endothelial cell growth This secreted protein undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation generating multiple processed forms that bind and activate VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 receptors The structure and function of this protein is similar to those of vascular endothelial growth factor C 5 Tumor metastasis to lymph nodes editLymph node metastasis is very often associated with several types of human malignancies Cancer cells journey to lymph node takes place largely through lymphatic tunnel located in and around of primary tumor VEGF D s interactions with VEGFR 3 predominantly expressed in lymphatic vessels plays a key role in restructuring lymphatic channel and hence able to alter its functions related to fluid and cell transport along the conduits VEGF D has been established to be over expressed in both tumor tissues and patients serum samples in several types of human cancer In addition VEGF D expression has been implicated with increased incidence of regional lymph node metastasis In experimental mice study genetically modified tumor cell that was forced to produce VEGF D protein have been established to boost up regional lymph nodes metastases 6 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000165197 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000031380 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine a b Entrez Gene FIGF c fos induced growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor D Stacker SA Caesar C Baldwin ME Thornton GE Williams RA Prevo R Jackson DG Nishikawa S Kubo H Achen MG Feb 2001 VEGF D promotes the metastatic spread of tumor cells via the lymphatics Nature Medicine 7 2 186 91 doi 10 1038 84635 PMID 11175849 S2CID 24131240 External links editHuman FIGF genome location and FIGF gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser Further reading editMaruyama K Sugano S Jan 1994 Oligo capping a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides Gene 138 1 2 171 4 doi 10 1016 0378 1119 94 90802 8 PMID 8125298 Orlandini M Marconcini L Ferruzzi R Oliviero S Oct 1996 Identification of a c fos induced gene that is related to the platelet derived growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor family Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 21 11675 80 Bibcode 1996PNAS 9311675O doi 10 1073 pnas 93 21 11675 PMC 38117 PMID 8876195 Yamada Y Nezu J Shimane M Hirata Y Jun 1997 Molecular cloning of a novel vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF D Genomics 42 3 483 8 doi 10 1006 geno 1997 4774 PMID 9205122 Suzuki Y Yoshitomo Nakagawa K Maruyama K Suyama A Sugano S Oct 1997 Construction and characterization of a full length enriched and a 5 end enriched cDNA library Gene 200 1 2 149 56 doi 10 1016 S0378 1119 97 00411 3 PMID 9373149 Achen MG Jeltsch M Kukk E Makinen T Vitali A Wilks AF Alitalo K Stacker SA Jan 1998 Vascular endothelial growth factor D VEGF D is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 Flk1 and VEGF receptor 3 Flt4 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 2 548 53 Bibcode 1998PNAS 95 548A doi 10 1073 pnas 95 2 548 PMC 18457 PMID 9435229 Rocchigiani M Lestingi M Luddi A Orlandini M Franco B Rossi E Ballabio A Zuffardi O Oliviero S Jan 1998 Human FIGF cloning gene structure and mapping to chromosome Xp22 1 between the PIGA and the GRPR genes Genomics 47 2 207 16 doi 10 1006 geno 1997 5079 PMID 9479493 Stacker SA Stenvers K Caesar C Vitali A Domagala T Nice E Roufail S Simpson RJ Moritz R Karpanen T Alitalo K Achen MG Nov 1999 Biosynthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor D involves proteolytic processing which generates non covalent homodimers The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 45 32127 36 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 45 32127 PMID 10542248 Nakamura Y Yasuoka H Tsujimoto M Yang Q Imabun S Nakahara M Nakao K Nakamura M Mori I Kakudo K Feb 2003 Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor D in breast carcinoma with long term follow up Clinical Cancer Research 9 2 716 21 PMID 12576440 Yokoyama Y Charnock Jones DS Licence D Yanaihara A Hastings JM Holland CM Emoto M Umemoto M Sakamoto T Sato S Mizunuma H Smith SK Jan 2003 Vascular endothelial growth factor D is an independent prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian carcinoma British Journal of Cancer 88 2 237 44 doi 10 1038 sj bjc 6600701 PMC 2377043 PMID 12610509 Rissanen TT Markkanen JE Gruchala M Heikura T Puranen A Kettunen MI Kholova I Kauppinen RA Achen MG Stacker SA Alitalo K Yla Herttuala S May 2003 VEGF D is the strongest angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effector among VEGFs delivered into skeletal muscle via adenoviruses Circulation Research 92 10 1098 106 doi 10 1161 01 RES 0000073584 46059 E3 PMID 12714562 S2CID 17360574 Funaki H Nishimura G Harada S Ninomiya I Terada I Fushida S Tani T Fujimura T Kayahara M Shimizu K Ohta T Miwa K 2003 Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D is associated with lymph node metastasis in human colorectal carcinoma Oncology 64 4 416 22 doi 10 1159 000070301 PMID 12759540 S2CID 45760526 Orlandini M Semboloni S Oliviero S Nov 2003 Beta catenin inversely regulates vascular endothelial growth factor D mRNA stability The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 45 44650 6 doi 10 1074 jbc M304255200 PMID 12920128 McColl BK Baldwin ME Roufail S Freeman C Moritz RL Simpson RJ Alitalo K Stacker SA Achen MG Sep 2003 Plasmin activates the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF C and VEGF D The Journal of Experimental Medicine 198 6 863 8 doi 10 1084 jem 20030361 PMC 2194198 PMID 12963694 Vlahakis NE Young BA Atakilit A Sheppard D Feb 2005 The lymphangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF C and D are ligands for the integrin alpha9beta1 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 6 4544 52 doi 10 1074 jbc M412816200 PMC 1368959 PMID 15590642 Kurahara H Takao S Maemura K Shinchi H Natsugoe S Aikou T Dec 2004 Impact of vascular endothelial growth factor C and D expression in human pancreatic cancer its relationship to lymph node metastasis Clinical Cancer Research 10 24 8413 20 doi 10 1158 1078 0432 CCR 04 0379 PMID 15623620 S2CID 22659900 Fink AM Kaltenegger I Schneider B Fruhauf J Jurecka W Steiner A Dec 2004 Serum level of VEGF D in patients with primary lymphedema Lymphology 37 4 185 9 PMID 15693535 Kaushal V Mukunyadzi P Dennis RA Siegel ER Johnson DE Kohli M Jan 2005 Stage specific characterization of the vascular endothelial growth factor axis in prostate cancer expression of lymphangiogenic markers is associated with advanced stage disease Clinical Cancer Research 11 2 Pt 1 584 93 doi 10 1158 1078 0432 584 11 2 PMID 15701844 Yasuoka H Nakamura Y Zuo H Tang W Takamura Y Miyauchi A Nakamura M Mori I Kakudo K Aug 2005 VEGF D expression and lymph vessels play an important role for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma Modern Pathology 18 8 1127 33 doi 10 1038 modpathol 3800402 PMID 15803188 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title C fos induced growth factor amp oldid 1205229125, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
