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United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

January 07, 2023

The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is an office of the U.N. Secretariat that promotes and facilitates peaceful international cooperation in outer space.[1] It works to establish or strengthen the legal and regulatory frameworks for space activities, and assists developing countries in using space science and technology for sustainable socioeconomic development.

United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
AbbreviationUNOOSA
Formation13 December 1958; 64 years ago (1958-12-13)
TypeSecretariat office
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersVienna, Austria
Head
Director
Niklas Hedman (Acting)
Parent organization
United Nations Secretariat
Websitewww.unoosa.org
 Politics portal
UNOOSA's headquarters are located at the United Nations Office at Vienna

The Office was established in 1958 to assist and advise the ad hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), which was established by the UN General Assembly to discuss the scientific and legal aspects of exploring and using outer space to benefit humankind.[2] The Committee became permanent the following year, with UNOOSA undergoing several structural changes before its relocation in 1993 to the United Nations Office in Vienna, Austria.

As the secretariat of COPUOS, the Office is responsible for helping implement the major international treaties, legal principles, and General Assembly resolutions that together comprise space law.[3][4] Other duties include advising governments and nongovernmental organizations on space law; maintaining a registry of vessels and objects launched into space; convening forums to discuss various space-related matters; and sponsoring programmes that provide access to space technology.[5][6]

History

In 1957, the launching of Sputnik 1 prompted a global conversation and debate on the legal, scientific, and political implications of space exploration.[7]

On 13 December 1958, the following year, the ad hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) was established by the General Assembly in its resolution 1348 (XIII), becoming a permanent body within the General Assembly. They soon met for the first time to discuss a peaceful and legally ordered approach to space exploration. Concurrently, the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) was created as a small expert unit within the UN Secretariat in New York to assist the Committee in its work.[7]

In 1962, UNOOSA was moved to the Department of Political and Security Council Affairs (DPSCA), where it was transformed into the Outer Space Affairs Division.[8]

In 1967, the Outer Space Treaty, which had been developed by COPUOS, entered into force, creating the first international legal framework governing the conduct of space activities.[8]

In 1992, the Outer Space Affairs Division changed to its current form as the Office for Outer Space Affairs, remaining within Department for Political Affairs and Peacebuilding (which succeeded the DPSCA). The following year, UNOOSA was relocated to its current headquarters at the United Nations Office at Vienna.[9]

At the start of the 21st century, UNOOSA undertook several initiatives and programs to fulfill its mandate of promoting widespread and peaceful international involvement in space. In 2005, the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) was established to promote compatibility, interoperability and transparency between all the satellite navigation systems, particularly for developing nations.[10] The following year, the UN-SPIDER programme was created to provide an accessible platform for developing states to use space-based technologies for disaster management and emergency response. Two offices were established (in Bonn, Germany and Beijing, China) to further the programme's work.[11][12]

In 2009, Japanese astronaut Takao Doi became Chief of Space Applications.[13]

In 2010, the Human Space Initiative was launched to further UNOOSA's mission of providing developing countries with access to the use and exploration of space.[14]

In March 2014, the UN Secretary-General appointed the current Director of the Office, Simonetta Di Pippo of Italy, who had previously served as Director of Human Spaceflight at the European Space Agency.[15]

In September 2015, pursuant to the Human Space Initiative, UNOOSA partnered with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to launch the "KiboCUBE" programme, which allows developing countries to deploy their own indigenously produced CubeSats from the Japanese Kibo module on the International Space Station.[16] Through the programme, Kenya and Guatemala launched their first satellites in 2018 and 2020, respectively.[17][18]

On 16 June 2016, UNOOSA announced a partnership with the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) to give nations the opportunity to fly their experiments and personnel on board the Chinese space station Tiangong.[19]

In September 2016, UNOOSA announced the first United Nations space mission, with an initial target launch date in 2021.[20] The mission will utilize the Dream Chaser spaceplace, designed by the American Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC), to enable developing nations to send microgravity payloads into low-Earth orbit.[21]

In 2019, the launch date for the proposed Dream Chaser mission, expected to carry up to 35 payloads, was updated to sometime in 2024.[22]

Mandate

UNOOSA works primarily to implement the decisions of UN General Assembly and of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. The office has the dual objective of supporting the intergovernmental discussions in the Committee and its Scientific and Technical Subcommittee[23] and Legal Subcommittee,[24] and of assisting developing countries in using space technology for development.[citation needed]

The mandate has been adjusted a number of times to allow the Office to undertake, among other tasks, the coordination of the inter-agency cooperation within the United Nations on the use of space technology - UN-Space[25] (resolution 3234 (XXIX)),[26] implementing the United Nations Programme on Space Applications[27] (resolution 2601A (XXIV))[28] and the UN-SPIDER[11] Programme for disaster risk management and emergency response (resolution 61/110).[29]

The Office also coordinates and cooperates with space agencies and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations involved in space-related activities and, on behalf of the United Nations Secretary-General, the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space. The office also helps poor nations suffering from climate change related problems by helping them access satellite images for free.[citation needed]

Structure

UNOOSA is headed by a Director appointed by the UN Secretary-General, currently Simonetta Di Pippo of Italy. The Director's Office is responsible for public outreach, the Register on Objects in Outer Space, and programmes for youth engagement.[30] It has two sections: the committee, Policy, and Legal Affairs (CPLA), headed by Niklas Hedman of Sweden, and the Space Applications Section (SAS), headed by Luc St- Pierre of Canada.[31] The CPLA fulfills the Office's secretarial duties to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, its subcommittees, and its working groups. It also convenes and services the Inter Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities, known as UN-Space, which is the central inter-agency coordination mechanisms in the UN system on overarching space matters.[25] UN-Space meets annually to discuss current and future activities, emergent technologies of interest, and other related matters, particularly regarding the global development agenda.[32] The section is concerned with the establishment of a legal and regulatory framework governing space activities, and actively fosters capacity-building in space law and policy.

The Space Applications Section works on building capacities in the practical application of space technology and space-derived information for development. The Programme concentrates its efforts on ensuring the equal access of all countries to new space-based technologies, especially developing nations. To facilitate the capacity building with focus on developing countries, the office provides three initiatives:[30]

  • The Human Space Initiative focuses on the public outreach to promote increased awareness among Member States to the benefits of space technology and its applications.[14]
  • The Basic Space Technology Initiative enhances access to space application tools for sustainable development through building capacity in basic space technology.[33]
  • The Basic Space Science Initiative supports the growth of small research groups in universities and research institutions in the developing countries in the fields of astronomy and space science.[34]

The Programme also focuses efforts on the potential of space-based information for disaster management and emergency response. The UN-SPIDER programme (established 2006) helps to achieve this objective by being a gateway to space information for disaster management support, serving as a bridge to connect the disaster management and space communities and being a facilitator of capacity-building and institutional strengthening, in particular for developing countries.[11][12]

The International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) promotes voluntary cooperation on matters of mutual interest related to civil satellite-based positioning, navigation, timing, and value-added services. To support the work of ICG, the Office was designated as the Executive Secretariat of ICG. In that capacity, UNOOSA is organizing regional workshops, training courses, and international meetings focusing on capacity-building in the use of GNSS-related technologies in various rapidly growing fields of science and industry.[10]

Staff

Citizens of more than 50 countries have served as staff members, consultants, and interns.[citation needed]

Staff members of the Office have a wide range of educational backgrounds, including space science (including interdisciplinary fields), physics, engineering, computer science, political science, international affairs, and law (including public international law and space law).[citation needed]

At different times, a number of other distinguished people, including Adigun Ade Abiodun, Vladimír Kopal, Mazlan Binti Othman, Luboš Perek, Nandasiri Jasentuliyana, and Takao Doi served at various positions.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ "About us". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  2. ^ "A History of Space". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  3. ^ "Space Treaty Implementation". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  4. ^ "Space Law Treaties and Principles". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  5. ^ "Our Work". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  6. ^ "United Nations Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  7. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2014-10-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ a b "The Outer Space Treaty". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  9. ^ "History". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  10. ^ a b "International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)".
  11. ^ a b c "UN-SPIDER Knowledge Portal".
  12. ^ a b General Assembly resolution 61/110 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ . 2009-06-08. Archived from the original on 2009-06-08. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  14. ^ a b "Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)".
  15. ^ "Director: Background". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  16. ^ "JAXA | Opening the Gates to Space Simonetta Di Pippo Director United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)". JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  17. ^ Kenya’s Venture into Outer Space Exploration, https://www.unoosa.org/documents/doc/psa/activities/2018/hsti_expert_meeting_vienna/Presentations/Session3_1_Mbuthia_Mwangi.pdf
  18. ^ "Guatemala's First Satellite Quetzal-1 Deploys from ISS - Via Satellite -". Via Satellite. 2020-04-28. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  19. ^ "China Space Station". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  20. ^ "The United Nations and Sierra Nevada Corporation Announce First Ever Dedicated United Nations―Dream Chaser Space Mission". UNOOSA. 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
  21. ^ Williams, Weston (2016-09-29). "Why the United Nations is launching a space mission". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
  22. ^ Pesce, Ottavia; Schwandt, Kimberly (2019-10-22). "UNOOSA and Sierra Nevada Corporation announce Call for Interest to provide landing site for Dream Chaser spacecraft mission carrying experiments from UN Member States". Sierra Nevada Corporation (Press release). Retrieved 2020-02-26.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ "STSC 2015".
  24. ^ "LSC 2015".
  25. ^ a b "United Nations Coordination of Outer Space Activities".
  26. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2014-10-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ^ "UN Programme on Space Applications".
  28. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2014-10-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2014-10-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ^ a b "Structure". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  31. ^ "Speaker Luc St-Pierre". conferences.uaeu.ac.ae. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  32. ^ "Structure". www.unoosa.org. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  33. ^ "BSTI".
  34. ^ "BSSI".

Bibliography

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1962
  • "Interview with Mazlan Othman, Director of the Office for Outer Space Affairs". News Centre. UN. Oct 4, 2011.

External links

  • Official website
    • International Space Law
    • United Nations Treaties and Principles on Space Law
  • United Nations Coordination of Outer Space Activities (COSA)
  • Journal of Space Law (JSL)

January 07, 2023
united, nations, office, outer, space, affairs, unoosa, office, secretariat, that, promotes, facilitates, peaceful, international, cooperation, outer, space, works, establish, strengthen, legal, regulatory, frameworks, space, activities, assists, developing, c. The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOOSA is an office of the U N Secretariat that promotes and facilitates peaceful international cooperation in outer space 1 It works to establish or strengthen the legal and regulatory frameworks for space activities and assists developing countries in using space science and technology for sustainable socioeconomic development United Nations Office for Outer Space AffairsAbbreviationUNOOSAFormation13 December 1958 64 years ago 1958 12 13 TypeSecretariat officeLegal statusActiveHeadquartersVienna AustriaHeadDirector Niklas Hedman Acting Parent organizationUnited Nations SecretariatWebsitewww unoosa org Politics portalUNOOSA s headquarters are located at the United Nations Office at Vienna The Office was established in 1958 to assist and advise the ad hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space COPUOS which was established by the UN General Assembly to discuss the scientific and legal aspects of exploring and using outer space to benefit humankind 2 The Committee became permanent the following year with UNOOSA undergoing several structural changes before its relocation in 1993 to the United Nations Office in Vienna Austria As the secretariat of COPUOS the Office is responsible for helping implement the major international treaties legal principles and General Assembly resolutions that together comprise space law 3 4 Other duties include advising governments and nongovernmental organizations on space law maintaining a registry of vessels and objects launched into space convening forums to discuss various space related matters and sponsoring programmes that provide access to space technology 5 6 Contents 1 History 2 Mandate 3 Structure 4 Staff 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksHistory EditIn 1957 the launching of Sputnik 1 prompted a global conversation and debate on the legal scientific and political implications of space exploration 7 On 13 December 1958 the following year the ad hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space COPUOS was established by the General Assembly in its resolution 1348 XIII becoming a permanent body within the General Assembly They soon met for the first time to discuss a peaceful and legally ordered approach to space exploration Concurrently the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOOSA was created as a small expert unit within the UN Secretariat in New York to assist the Committee in its work 7 In 1962 UNOOSA was moved to the Department of Political and Security Council Affairs DPSCA where it was transformed into the Outer Space Affairs Division 8 In 1967 the Outer Space Treaty which had been developed by COPUOS entered into force creating the first international legal framework governing the conduct of space activities 8 In 1992 the Outer Space Affairs Division changed to its current form as the Office for Outer Space Affairs remaining within Department for Political Affairs and Peacebuilding which succeeded the DPSCA The following year UNOOSA was relocated to its current headquarters at the United Nations Office at Vienna 9 At the start of the 21st century UNOOSA undertook several initiatives and programs to fulfill its mandate of promoting widespread and peaceful international involvement in space In 2005 the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems ICG was established to promote compatibility interoperability and transparency between all the satellite navigation systems particularly for developing nations 10 The following year the UN SPIDER programme was created to provide an accessible platform for developing states to use space based technologies for disaster management and emergency response Two offices were established in Bonn Germany and Beijing China to further the programme s work 11 12 In 2009 Japanese astronaut Takao Doi became Chief of Space Applications 13 In 2010 the Human Space Initiative was launched to further UNOOSA s mission of providing developing countries with access to the use and exploration of space 14 In March 2014 the UN Secretary General appointed the current Director of the Office Simonetta Di Pippo of Italy who had previously served as Director of Human Spaceflight at the European Space Agency 15 In September 2015 pursuant to the Human Space Initiative UNOOSA partnered with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA to launch the KiboCUBE programme which allows developing countries to deploy their own indigenously produced CubeSats from the Japanese Kibo module on the International Space Station 16 Through the programme Kenya and Guatemala launched their first satellites in 2018 and 2020 respectively 17 18 On 16 June 2016 UNOOSA announced a partnership with the China Manned Space Agency CMSA to give nations the opportunity to fly their experiments and personnel on board the Chinese space station Tiangong 19 In September 2016 UNOOSA announced the first United Nations space mission with an initial target launch date in 2021 20 The mission will utilize the Dream Chaser spaceplace designed by the American Sierra Nevada Corporation SNC to enable developing nations to send microgravity payloads into low Earth orbit 21 In 2019 the launch date for the proposed Dream Chaser mission expected to carry up to 35 payloads was updated to sometime in 2024 22 Mandate EditUNOOSA works primarily to implement the decisions of UN General Assembly and of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space The office has the dual objective of supporting the intergovernmental discussions in the Committee and its Scientific and Technical Subcommittee 23 and Legal Subcommittee 24 and of assisting developing countries in using space technology for development citation needed The mandate has been adjusted a number of times to allow the Office to undertake among other tasks the coordination of the inter agency cooperation within the United Nations on the use of space technology UN Space 25 resolution 3234 XXIX 26 implementing the United Nations Programme on Space Applications 27 resolution 2601A XXIV 28 and the UN SPIDER 11 Programme for disaster risk management and emergency response resolution 61 110 29 The Office also coordinates and cooperates with space agencies and intergovernmental and non governmental organizations involved in space related activities and on behalf of the United Nations Secretary General the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space The office also helps poor nations suffering from climate change related problems by helping them access satellite images for free citation needed Structure EditUNOOSA is headed by a Director appointed by the UN Secretary General currently Simonetta Di Pippo of Italy The Director s Office is responsible for public outreach the Register on Objects in Outer Space and programmes for youth engagement 30 It has two sections the committee Policy and Legal Affairs CPLA headed by Niklas Hedman of Sweden and the Space Applications Section SAS headed by Luc St Pierre of Canada 31 The CPLA fulfills the Office s secretarial duties to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space its subcommittees and its working groups It also convenes and services the Inter Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities known as UN Space which is the central inter agency coordination mechanisms in the UN system on overarching space matters 25 UN Space meets annually to discuss current and future activities emergent technologies of interest and other related matters particularly regarding the global development agenda 32 The section is concerned with the establishment of a legal and regulatory framework governing space activities and actively fosters capacity building in space law and policy The Space Applications Section works on building capacities in the practical application of space technology and space derived information for development The Programme concentrates its efforts on ensuring the equal access of all countries to new space based technologies especially developing nations To facilitate the capacity building with focus on developing countries the office provides three initiatives 30 The Human Space Initiative focuses on the public outreach to promote increased awareness among Member States to the benefits of space technology and its applications 14 The Basic Space Technology Initiative enhances access to space application tools for sustainable development through building capacity in basic space technology 33 The Basic Space Science Initiative supports the growth of small research groups in universities and research institutions in the developing countries in the fields of astronomy and space science 34 The Programme also focuses efforts on the potential of space based information for disaster management and emergency response The UN SPIDER programme established 2006 helps to achieve this objective by being a gateway to space information for disaster management support serving as a bridge to connect the disaster management and space communities and being a facilitator of capacity building and institutional strengthening in particular for developing countries 11 12 The International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems ICG promotes voluntary cooperation on matters of mutual interest related to civil satellite based positioning navigation timing and value added services To support the work of ICG the Office was designated as the Executive Secretariat of ICG In that capacity UNOOSA is organizing regional workshops training courses and international meetings focusing on capacity building in the use of GNSS related technologies in various rapidly growing fields of science and industry 10 Staff EditCitizens of more than 50 countries have served as staff members consultants and interns citation needed Staff members of the Office have a wide range of educational backgrounds including space science including interdisciplinary fields physics engineering computer science political science international affairs and law including public international law and space law citation needed At different times a number of other distinguished people including Adigun Ade Abiodun Vladimir Kopal Mazlan Binti Othman Lubos Perek Nandasiri Jasentuliyana and Takao Doi served at various positions citation needed See also EditList of government space agencies United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space United Nations Fourth Committee United Nations Secretariat Space law List of space agencies Antarctic Treaty Secretariat International Seabed AuthorityReferences Edit About us www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 A History of Space www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 Space Treaty Implementation www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 Space Law Treaties and Principles www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 Our Work www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 United Nations Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 a b Archived copy Archived from the original on 2015 07 03 Retrieved 2014 10 08 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link a b The Outer Space Treaty www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 History www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 a b International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems ICG a b c UN SPIDER Knowledge Portal a b General Assembly resolution 61 110 Archived 2015 07 03 at the Wayback Machine Veteran Japanese astronaut Takao Doi to take up UN job The Mainichi Daily News 2009 06 08 Archived from the original on 2009 06 08 Retrieved 2020 05 11 a b Human Space Technology Initiative HSTI Director Background www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 JAXA Opening the Gates to Space Simonetta Di Pippo Director United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOOSA JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Retrieved 2020 05 15 Kenya s Venture into Outer Space Exploration https www unoosa org documents doc psa activities 2018 hsti expert meeting vienna Presentations Session3 1 Mbuthia Mwangi pdf Guatemala s First Satellite Quetzal 1 Deploys from ISS Via Satellite Via Satellite 2020 04 28 Retrieved 2020 05 15 China Space Station www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 15 The United Nations and Sierra Nevada Corporation Announce First Ever Dedicated United Nations Dream Chaser Space Mission UNOOSA 2016 09 27 Retrieved 2016 10 03 Williams Weston 2016 09 29 Why the United Nations is launching a space mission Christian Science Monitor Retrieved 2016 10 03 Pesce Ottavia Schwandt Kimberly 2019 10 22 UNOOSA and Sierra Nevada Corporation announce Call for Interest to provide landing site for Dream Chaser spacecraft mission carrying experiments from UN Member States Sierra Nevada Corporation Press release Retrieved 2020 02 26 a href Template Cite press release html title Template Cite press release cite press release a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link STSC 2015 LSC 2015 a b United Nations Coordination of Outer Space Activities Archived copy Archived from the original on 2015 07 03 Retrieved 2014 10 08 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link UN Programme on Space Applications Archived copy Archived from the original on 2015 07 03 Retrieved 2014 10 08 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy Archived from the original on 2015 07 03 Retrieved 2014 10 08 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link a b Structure www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 15 Speaker Luc St Pierre conferences uaeu ac ae Retrieved 2020 05 11 Structure www unoosa org Retrieved 2020 05 11 BSTI BSSI Bibliography Edit Wikisource has original text related to this article United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1962 Interview with Mazlan Othman Director of the Office for Outer Space Affairs News Centre UN Oct 4 2011 External links EditOfficial website International Space Law United Nations Treaties and Principles on Space Law United Nations Coordination of Outer Space Activities COSA Journal of Space Law JSL Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs amp oldid 1130450969, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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