The Wych ElmcultivarUlmus glabra 'Nigra', commonly known as the Black Irish Elm, was found in the Kilkenny area c.1770 by the father of nurseryman John Robertson of Kilkenny, who later cultivated it.[1] Robertson stated that he had not seen the form outside Ireland. It was listed by Loddiges (1830) as Ulmus nigra,[2] and described by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838), as Ulmus montana nigra.[3][4] 'Nigra' is not mentioned in either Elwes and Henry's[5] or Bean's[6] classic works on British trees.
The Späth nursery of Berlin marketed an U. montana nigra in the late 19th century.[7] Späth, like many of his contemporaries, used U. montana both for wych elm cultivars and for those of U. × hollandica.
Though 'Nigra' is sometimes listed as a synonym of 'Cinerea' (see 'Synonymy'), the leaf-descriptions of the two cultivars appear to distinguish them, the latter having leaves recalling those of Exeter Elm.[8] Loddiges' 1830 catalogue lists the two separately.[2]
Robertson stated that 'The Black Irish Elm' took its name from its dark chestnut-coloured young shoots, and that it made a slender, erect tree when old.[1] Loudon described the tree as of moderate size, with a spreading habit like wych elm, but comprising rather irregular, contorted branches bearing much smaller, more rugose leaves,[3] of a much deeper green than the species.[9] Späth's U. montana nigra, by contrast, was "large-leaved, with dark-green foliage".[7]
Cultivationedit
Loudon reported that the tree ripened seed in Ireland.[3] Robertson sent specimens to the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, and to Edinburgh.[1] It was also grown in the 19th century in the Horticultural Society's Garden at Chiswick[1] and the Royal Victoria Park, Bath, at the western end of the Royal Avenue.[9]U. montana nigra was introduced to the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, probably from Späth, in 1899.[10] The tree is not known to have been introduced to Australasia, nor is it known to be in commerce.
Synonymyedit
Ulmus cinerea: Kirchner[1], in Petzold[2] & Kirchner, Arboretum Muscaviense 565, 1864, name in synonymy.
?Ulmus glabra 'Cinerea': RBG Electronic Plant Information Centre 2007.
^ abHanham, F. (1857). A Manual for the Park (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London.
^Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
January 01, 1970
ulmus, glabra, nigra, wych, cultivar, commonly, known, black, irish, found, kilkenny, area, 1770, father, nurseryman, john, robertson, kilkenny, later, cultivated, robertson, stated, that, seen, form, outside, ireland, listed, loddiges, 1830, ulmus, nigra, des. The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra Nigra commonly known as the Black Irish Elm was found in the Kilkenny area c 1770 by the father of nurseryman John Robertson of Kilkenny who later cultivated it 1 Robertson stated that he had not seen the form outside Ireland It was listed by Loddiges 1830 as Ulmus nigra 2 and described by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum 1838 as Ulmus montana nigra 3 4 Nigra is not mentioned in either Elwes and Henry s 5 or Bean s 6 classic works on British trees Ulmus glabra Nigra SpeciesUlmus glabraCultivar Nigra OriginEire The Spath nursery of Berlin marketed an U montana nigra in the late 19th century 7 Spath like many of his contemporaries used U montana both for wych elm cultivars and for those of U hollandica Though Nigra is sometimes listed as a synonym of Cinerea see Synonymy the leaf descriptions of the two cultivars appear to distinguish them the latter having leaves recalling those of Exeter Elm 8 Loddiges 1830 catalogue lists the two separately 2 Contents 1 Description 2 Cultivation 3 Synonymy 4 Accessions 5 ReferencesDescription editRobertson stated that The Black Irish Elm took its name from its dark chestnut coloured young shoots and that it made a slender erect tree when old 1 Loudon described the tree as of moderate size with a spreading habit like wych elm but comprising rather irregular contorted branches bearing much smaller more rugose leaves 3 of a much deeper green than the species 9 Spath s U montana nigra by contrast was large leaved with dark green foliage 7 Cultivation editLoudon reported that the tree ripened seed in Ireland 3 Robertson sent specimens to the National Botanic Gardens Glasnevin and to Edinburgh 1 It was also grown in the 19th century in the Horticultural Society s Garden at Chiswick 1 and the Royal Victoria Park Bath at the western end of the Royal Avenue 9 U montana nigra was introduced to the Dominion Arboretum Ottawa Canada probably from Spath in 1899 10 The tree is not known to have been introduced to Australasia nor is it known to be in commerce Synonymy editUlmus cinerea Kirchner 1 in Petzold 2 amp Kirchner Arboretum Muscaviense 565 1864 name in synonymy Ulmus glabra Cinerea RBG Electronic Plant Information Centre 2007 Accessions editEurope Wakehurst Place UK Acc no 1973 21051 as U glabra Cinerea References edit a b c d Robertson J The Black Irish Elm letter 18 Feb 1837 Gardener s Magazine vol 13 1837 p 237 a b Loddiges Conrad amp Sons Catalogue of Plants 15th edn 1830 p 61 a b c Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum 3 1398 1838 Green Peter Shaw 1964 Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus Arnoldia 24 6 8 Arnold Arboretum Harvard University 41 80 Retrieved 16 February 2017 Elwes Henry John Henry Augustine 1913 The Trees of Great Britain amp Ireland Vol 7 pp 1847 1929 Bean W J 1981 Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain 7th edition Murray England a b Katalog PDF Vol 108 Berlin Germany L Spath Baumschulenweg 1902 1903 pp 132 133 Cineria leaves herbariaunited org specimen 295176 a b Hanham F 1857 A Manual for the Park Royal Victoria Park Bath Longman London Saunders William Macoun William Tyrrell 1899 Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm 2 ed pp 74 75 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ulmus glabra 27Nigra 27 amp oldid 1013865890, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
