List of ambassadors of the United States to France
March 04, 2023
The United States ambassador to France is the official representative of the president of the United States to the president of France. The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with France since the American Revolution. Relations were upgraded to the higher rank of Ambassador in 1893. The diplomatic relationship has continued through France's two empires, three monarchies, and five republics. Since 2006 the ambassador to France has also served as the ambassador to Monaco.
Ambassador of the United States of America to France Ambassadeur des États-Unis en France
Relations between the United States and the French Court of Versailles were established in 1778 with the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce. As a republic, the United States was not entitled to send an ambassador. Instead, relations were maintained at the lower diplomatic rank of Minister. The position was formally known as the Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles.
Diplomatic relations were broken in 1796 due to French anger at U.S. neutrality in the War of the First Coalition. After the Directory refused to accept Charles Cotesworth Pinckney's credentials, a commission was appointed to negotiate with the French Republic. The members of the commission — Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry — were all accredited with the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.[1] French officials demanded a bribe before they would commence negotiations, scuttling the mission in the XYZ Affair. Hostilities culminated in the outbreak of the Quasi-War between the U.S. and France. Diplomatic relations were restored with the Convention of 1800.
Remained as Minister after Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed emperor.
James Monroe was accredited Minister Plenipotentiary to the French Republic in 1803 to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.[2] However, Robert Livingston remained chief of mission.
Ministers to the Court of the Tuilleries (1804–1848)
Since Versailles had been stripped of its furnishings during the French Revolution, Napoleon I returned the French court to its pre-1682 home at the Tuilleries. U.S. ministers to all future French monarchs would be accredited to the Tuilleries. After the Congress of Vienna standardized the system of diplomatic ranks, the United States continued to send a Minister, who was officially credentialed as an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
After it became a republic, France continued to exchange ambassadors with other Great Powers. This put an end to the longstanding rule that only Great Power monarchies could exchange ambassadors with each other. As the United States grew in population and economic strength, it followed the French example. In 1893, the United States upgraded its diplomatic relations with the other Great Powers to the ambassadorial level.
^Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth; Gerry, Elbridge; Marshall, John (1798). Authentic Copies of the Correspondence of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry, Esqrs. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary to the Republic of France: As Presented to Both Houses of Congress, April 3, 1798, by His Excellency John Adams. J. Derrett. p. 62. The undersigned Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the French Republic, had the honour of announcing to you officially, on the 6th of October, their arrival at Paris, and of presenting to you on the 8th, a copy of their letters of credence.
^"Image 906 of James Monroe Papers: Series 1, General Correspondence, 1758-1839; 1796 Mar. 22-1803 Oct. 8 (Reel 2)". The Library of Congress.
Willson, Beckles. America's Ambassadors to France (1777-1927): A Narrative of Franco-American Diplomatic Relations (1928).
External links
United States Embassy in Paris official site
United States Department of State: France
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for France
United States Department of State: Background notes on France
Interview with 1984 U.S. Ambassador to France from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
March 04, 2023
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The United States ambassador to France is the official representative of the president of the United States to the president of France The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with France since the American Revolution Relations were upgraded to the higher rank of Ambassador in 1893 The diplomatic relationship has continued through France s two empires three monarchies and five republics Since 2006 the ambassador to France has also served as the ambassador to Monaco Ambassador of the United States of America to FranceAmbassadeur des Etats Unis en FranceSeal of the United States Department of StateIncumbentDenise Bauersince February 5 2022ResidenceHotel de PontalbaNominatorThe President of the United StatesAppointerThe Presidentwith Senate advice and consentInaugural holderBenjamin Franklinas EnvoyFormation1778WebsiteU S Embassy Paris Contents 1 List of United States chiefs of mission in France 1 1 Ministers to the Court of Versailles 1778 1792 1 2 Ministers to the First Republic 1792 1804 1 3 Ministers to the Court of the Tuilleries 1804 1848 1 4 Ministers to the Second Republic 1848 1852 1 5 Ministers to the Court of the Tuilleries 1852 1870 1 6 Ministers to the Third Republic 1870 1893 1 7 Ambassadors to the Third Republic 1893 1942 1 8 Ambassadors to the Fourth Republic 1944 1961 1 9 Ambassadors to the Fifth Republic 1961 present 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksList of United States chiefs of mission in France EditMinisters to the Court of Versailles 1778 1792 Edit Relations between the United States and the French Court of Versailles were established in 1778 with the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce As a republic the United States was not entitled to send an ambassador Instead relations were maintained at the lower diplomatic rank of Minister The position was formally known as the Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes Benjamin Franklin September 14 1778 March 23 1779 May 17 1785 Franklin had represented the United States unofficially since December 1776 prior to France recognizing American Independence Thomas Jefferson March 10 1785 May 17 1785 September 26 1789 William Short April 20 1790 June 14 1790 May 15 1792 Gouverneur Morris January 12 1792 June 3 1792 April 9 1794 Remained as Minister after the First Republic was proclaimed Mission terminated when the French government requested his recall Ministers to the First Republic 1792 1804 Edit Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes James Monroe May 28 1794 August 15 1794 December 9 1796 Charles C Pinckney September 9 1796 Not presented February 5 1797Diplomatic relations were broken in 1796 due to French anger at U S neutrality in the War of the First Coalition After the Directory refused to accept Charles Cotesworth Pinckney s credentials a commission was appointed to negotiate with the French Republic The members of the commission Pinckney John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry were all accredited with the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 1 French officials demanded a bribe before they would commence negotiations scuttling the mission in the XYZ Affair Hostilities culminated in the outbreak of the Quasi War between the U S and France Diplomatic relations were restored with the Convention of 1800 Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes Robert R Livingston October 2 1801 December 6 1801 November 18 1804 Remained as Minister after Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed emperor James Monroe was accredited Minister Plenipotentiary to the French Republic in 1803 to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase 2 However Robert Livingston remained chief of mission Ministers to the Court of the Tuilleries 1804 1848 Edit Since Versailles had been stripped of its furnishings during the French Revolution Napoleon I returned the French court to its pre 1682 home at the Tuilleries U S ministers to all future French monarchs would be accredited to the Tuilleries After the Congress of Vienna standardized the system of diplomatic ranks the United States continued to send a Minister who was officially credentialed as an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes John Armstrong June 30 1804 November 18 1804 September 14 1810 Joel Barlow February 27 1811 November 17 1811 December 26 1812 Died in Zarnowiec during the French retreat from Moscow William H Crawford April 9 1813 December 14 1813 August 16 1814 April 26 1815 to April 30 1815 Albert Gallatin February 28 1815 July 16 1816 May 16 1823 James Brown December 9 1823 April 13 1824 June 28 1829 William Cabell Rives April 18 1829 October 25 1829 January 14 1831 September 27 1832 Edward Livingston May 29 1833 September 30 1833 April 29 1835 Lewis Cass October 4 1836 December 1 1836 November 12 1842 William R King April 9 1844 July 1 1844 September 15 1846 Richard Rush March 3 1847 July 31 1847 April 26 1848 October 8 1849 Reaccredited to the Second Republic Ministers to the Second Republic 1848 1852 Edit Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes William Cabell Rives July 20 1849 November 8 1849 January 10 1853 May 12 1853 Reaccredited to the Second Empire Ministers to the Court of the Tuilleries 1852 1870 Edit Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes John Y Mason October 10 1853 January 22 1854 October 3 1859 Died at post Charles J Faulkner January 16 1860 March 4 1860 May 12 1861 Sided with the Confederacy during the American Civil War William L Dayton March 18 1861 May 19 1861 December 1 1864 Died at post John Bigelow March 15 1865 April 23 1865 December 23 1866 John Adams Dix September 24 1866 December 23 1866 May 23 1869 Elihu B Washburne March 17 1869 March 23 1869 May 8 1871 September 5 1877 Reaccredited to the Third Republic Ministers to the Third Republic 1870 1893 Edit Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes Edward F Noyes July 1 1877 September 5 1877 August 5 1881 Levi P Morton March 21 1881 August 5 1881 May 14 1885 Robert M McLane March 23 1885 May 14 1885 May 20 1889 Whitelaw Reid March 23 1889 May 21 1889 March 25 1892 T Jefferson Coolidge May 12 1892 June 10 1892 May 4 1893Ambassadors to the Third Republic 1893 1942 Edit After it became a republic France continued to exchange ambassadors with other Great Powers This put an end to the longstanding rule that only Great Power monarchies could exchange ambassadors with each other As the United States grew in population and economic strength it followed the French example In 1893 the United States upgraded its diplomatic relations with the other Great Powers to the ambassadorial level Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes James B Eustis April 8 1893 May 6 1893 May 24 1897 Horace Porter March 19 1897 May 26 1897 May 2 1905 Robert S McCormick March 8 1905 May 2 1905 March 2 1907 Henry White December 19 1906 March 23 1907 November 3 1909 Robert Bacon December 21 1909 December 31 1909 April 19 1912 Myron T Herrick February 15 1912 April 29 1912 November 28 1914 William Graves Sharp June 19 1914 December 4 1914 April 14 1919 Hugh Campbell Wallace February 27 1919 April 22 1919 July 5 1921 Myron T Herrick April 16 1921 July 15 1921 March 31 1929 Died at post Walter Evans Edge November 21 1929 December 18 1929 April 13 1933 Jesse I Straus March 17 1933 June 8 1933 August 5 1936 William C Bullitt Jr August 25 1936 October 13 1936 July 11 1940 William D Leahy November 29 1940 January 8 1941 May 1 1942 Departed Vichy France S Pinkney Tuck served as interim charge d affaires until France severed diplomatic relations with the U S on November 8 1942 Ambassadors to the Fourth Republic 1944 1961 Edit Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes Jefferson Caffery November 25 1944 December 30 1944 May 13 1949 The Embassy in Paris had been opened to the public December 1 1944 with Ambassador Caffery in charge pending presentation of his letter of credence David K E Bruce May 9 1949 May 17 1949 March 10 1952 James Clement Dunn March 13 1952 March 27 1952 March 2 1953 C Douglas Dillon February 27 1953 March 13 1953 January 28 1957 Amory Houghton March 14 1957 April 17 1957 January 19 1961Ambassadors to the Fifth Republic 1961 present Edit Name Appointment Presentation Termination Notes James M Gavin February 22 1961 March 21 1961 September 26 1962 Charles E Bohlen September 4 1962 October 27 1962 February 9 1968 Sargent Shriver April 22 1968 May 25 1968 March 25 1970 Arthur K Watson April 8 1970 May 6 1970 October 30 1972 John N Irwin II February 2 1973 March 23 1973 October 20 1974 Kenneth Rush September 19 1974 November 21 1974 March 14 1977 Arthur A Hartman June 8 1977 July 7 1977 October 14 1981 Evan G Galbraith November 6 1981 December 2 1981 July 15 1985 Joe M Rodgers July 19 1985 September 20 1985 January 8 1989Walter Curley May 12 1989 July 6 1989 February 11 1993 Pamela Harriman May 8 1993 June 30 1993 February 5 1997 Died at post Felix Rohatyn August 1 1997 September 11 1997 December 7 2000 Howard H Leach July 12 2001 September 4 2001 April 16 2005 Craig Roberts Stapleton June 21 2005 July 25 2005 January 29 2009 Also accredited to Monaco Charles Rivkin June 1 2009 October 2 2009 November 20 2013 Also accredited to Monaco Jane D Hartley September 26 2014 October 31 2014 January 29 2017 Also accredited to Monaco Jamie McCourt November 20 2017 December 18 2017 January 20 2021 Also accredited to Monaco Denise Bauer December 18 2021 February 5 2022 Incumbent Also accredited to Monaco See also Edit United States portal Politics portal France portalList of French ambassadors to the United States Embassy of the United States Paris France United States relations Foreign relations of France Ambassadors of the United StatesReferences Edit Pinckney Charles Cotesworth Gerry Elbridge Marshall John 1798 Authentic Copies of the Correspondence of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry Esqrs Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary to the Republic of France As Presented to Both Houses of Congress April 3 1798 by His Excellency John Adams J Derrett p 62 The undersigned Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the French Republic had the honour of announcing to you officially on the 6th of October their arrival at Paris and of presenting to you on the 8th a copy of their letters of credence Image 906 of James Monroe Papers Series 1 General Correspondence 1758 1839 1796 Mar 22 1803 Oct 8 Reel 2 The Library of Congress This article incorporates public domain material from U S Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets United States Department of State Further reading EditWillson Beckles America s Ambassadors to France 1777 1927 A Narrative of Franco American Diplomatic Relations 1928 External links EditUnited States Embassy in Paris official site United States Department of State France United States Department of State Chiefs of Mission for France United States Department of State Background notes on France Interview with 1984 U S Ambassador to France from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of ambassadors of the United States to France amp oldid 1131367839, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
