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Killing of Tyre Nichols

October 27, 2023

On January 7, 2023, Tyre Nichols, a 29-year-old black man, was fatally injured by police officers in Memphis, Tennessee, dying three days later. The officers, all members of the Memphis Police Department (MPD) SCORPION[a] unit, pulled Nichols from his car before pepper spraying and tasering him. Nichols broke free and ran toward his mother's house, which was less than a mile (1.6 km) away. Five black officers caught up with Nichols near the house, where they punched, kicked and pepper sprayed him, and struck him with a baton. Medics on the scene failed to administer care for 16 minutes after arriving. Nichols was admitted to the hospital in critical condition.

Killing of Tyre Nichols
Still image from pole-mounted CCTV footage
Date
Time≈Tooltip Approximation 8:34 p.m. (CST)
LocationMemphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, U.S.
Coordinates35°01′48″N 89°50′21″W / 35.03013°N 89.83903°W / 35.03013; -89.83903[1]
TypeHomicide by blunt trauma, police killing
DeathsTyre Nichols
Accused
  • Tadarrius Bean
  • Demetrius Haley
  • Emmitt Martin III
  • Desmond Mills Jr.
  • Justin Smith
Charges

The officers reported that they stopped Nichols for reckless driving. The MPD released four edited video clips from police body cameras and a nearby pole-mounted camera. MPD Police Chief Cerelyn J. Davis later stated that the department had reviewed camera footage and could not find any evidence of probable cause for the traffic stop.

The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and the United States Department of Justice both opened investigations into the incident. The autopsy determined the cause of death as blunt force trauma to the head, and the manner of death as homicide.

The five officers who allegedly assaulted Nichols were discharged from the MPD, effective January 8, 2023. They were arrested and charged on January 26 with second-degree murder, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated assault, official misconduct, and official oppression.[2] They have all pled not guilty to the charges. The MPD has disciplined, relieved of duty, dismissed, or arrested thirteen officers in total regarding their conduct. Memphis Fire Services terminated three employees for their failure to evaluate or assist Nichols. After the release of the videos, widespread protests began on January 27.

People involved edit

Tyre Nichols edit

Tyre Deandre Nichols (June 5, 1993 – January 10, 2023)[3] was a 29-year-old black man. Nichols worked for FedEx,[4][5] and was an amateur photographer with a photography website.[6][7][8]

Nichols was raised in Sacramento, California, and moved to Memphis in 2020.[9] His mother is RowVaughn Wells.[10] According to his family's attorney, Nichols was "almost impossibly slim" due to Crohn's disease, and weighed 145 pounds (66 kilograms) at a height of 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 meters).[11]

Police officers edit

The five black Memphis Police Department (MPD) officers accused of beating Nichols in connection to the traffic stop each had two to six years of police experience.[12][13][14]

  1. Tadarrius Bean, 24, hired in August 2020
  2. Demetrius Haley, 30, hired in August 2020 (a former corrections officer; first officer at initial traffic stop)[15]
  3. Emmitt Martin III, 30, hired in March 2018 (second officer at initial traffic stop)[15]
  4. Desmond Mills Jr., 32, hired in March 2017 (a former jailer in Mississippi and Tennessee)
  5. Justin Smith, 28, hired in March 2018.[14]

Four out of the five officers had prior disciplinary actions by MPD for various offenses.[16] All five were members of an MPD 30-person specialized hot spot policing unit known as SCORPION (street crimes operation to restore peace in our neighborhoods).[17]

DeWayne Smith edit

Lt. DeWayne Smith, an officer with 25 years experience, was a supervisor in the SCORPION unit on the scene at the time of Nichols's beating.[18] Smith retired the day before an administrative hearing in which he was expected to be dismissed.[18][19][20][21][22] Smith was subsequently considered for decertification, which bars police officers from working again in the jurisdiction that certified them.[23] The documents accompanying the decertification request contended that Smith had (1) failed to address Nichols' complaint that he could not breathe; (2) failed to obtain reports from the police officers as to their use of force; (3) told Nichols family that Nichols had been driving under the influence, despite a lack of information to support such a charge; and (4) failed to wear a body camera, in violation of the police department's policy.[19]

The MPD requested that the Tennessee Peace Officer Standards and Training Commission (POST) decertify Smith.[24] It then asked to rescind that request, at which point POST asked the department for an explanation as to its reversal.[24] In a news release, the MPD announced it would continue with the request, saying it had merely meant to ask for a delay and clarifying information as to whether an officer who resigned prior to termination could be decertified.[24]

SCORPION Unit edit

SCORPION was assembled by Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn J. Davis, in October 2021, to deal with serious crimes; Davis disbanded SCORPION in the wake of Nichols' death.[25][26][27] SCORPION unit officers drove unmarked cars and many dressed in plainclothes and wore bulletproof vests marked "Police".[28]

SCORPION has been compared to the "RED DOG" unit Davis commanded in 2006 and 2007 as a member of the Atlanta, Georgia police department.[29] Davis described the Red Dog as utilizing "aggressive crime fighting strategies in high crime areas citywide".[30] The Red Dog unit was disbanded in 2011 after the city agreed to settle a lawsuit regarding excessive force by Red Dog officers.[29] NBC News reported that a former member of Atlanta Civilian Review Board said it should have been clear to Davis that a tactical unit like Scorpion was prone to violating people's rights in Memphis just as Red Dog did in Atlanta.[29]

Traffic stop and death edit

External video
Footage published by the City of Memphis
  Video 1 – MPD body camera footage, initial traffic stop (from Officer Preston Hemphill)[31]
  Video 2 – From pole-mounted CCTV camera footage, second detainment location
  Video 3 – MPD body camera footage, second detainment location (from Officer Desmond Mills Jr.)[32]
  Video 4 – MPD body camera footage, from the second detainment location

Nichols was two minutes away from his home when he was stopped by MPD at 8:24 p.m. on January 7, 2023. Officers Haley, Martin, and Preston Hemphill[33] conducted the initial stop of Nichols' at the intersection East Raines Road and Ross Road,[34] with police vehicles surrounding his car on three sides. The body-worn camera footage released by the City of Memphis on January 27, does not "show any activity earlier than an officer responding to a stop in progress..."[35]

Haley and Martin were at the traffic stop when Hemphill arrived at 8:24 p.m.[36][15] By 8:25 p.m., Haley[37] pulled Nichols out of his car as Nichols said: "I didn't do anything."[36] An officer shouted: "Get on the fuckin' ground" and moments later an officer shouted "I'm gonna tase your ass."[38] Officers pushed Nichols to the ground. At about 8:25:45 p.m., Nichols was lying on his side in the road – an officer had Nichols' left hand, a second officer had Nichols' right hand, a third officer held a taser against Nichols' left leg while also using his right hand to hold Nichols to the ground.[36] From the moment that Nichols was pulled from the car, to being held on the ground, officers simultaneously yelled numerous commands, threats, expletives, and made "assaultive comments"[15] at him. While being held on the ground an officer continued to yell for Nichols to lay down. Nichols responded "I am on the ground". An officer yelled back "Lay on your stomach". Moments later, Haley, deployed pepper spray against Nichols[15], which hit several of the other officers.[38] Nichols broke free and began to run. Hemphill, against regulations,[39] deployed his taser at Nichols. At 8:26 p.m., Nichols began running south on Ross Road, as he was pursued by at least two officers. Two more police units arrived at the scene around 8:29 p.m.[40] Footage showed that one officer who remained at the area of the traffic stop said, "I hope they stomp his ass".[41]

At 8:33 p.m., Officers Bean, Mills, and Smith caught up to Nichols and had him on the ground at Castlegate Lane and Bear Creek which is approximately a half a mile (800 meters) away from the original traffic stop.[37] Footage from a pole-mounted CCTV camera showed an officer using his leg to push Nichols hard to the ground. Between 8:33 p.m. and 8:36 p.m. Nichols was punched, then pepper sprayed a second time, then kicked in the upper torso numerous times by a fourth officer, then an officer can be heard yelling "I'm going to baton the fuck out of you." before striking Nichols several times with a baton, then punched five times in the face by one officer.[42][43] The video footage showed officers had control of Nichols' arms when he was struck with the baton, kicked, and successively punched in the face 5 times.[44][45] A fifth officer arrived, as Nichols was on the ground and in the process of being handcuffed, and kicked him in the upper torso, which was followed by another kick to the upper torso by another officer. Fox News reported that in the videos, "Nichols can be heard calling out to his mother before police beat him into a daze".[35] Nichols' conduct has been initially described as non-resisting[46] and non-violent;[15] there is no indication that he struck back at the officers.[41]

By 8:37 p.m., Nichols was handcuffed and limp; officers propped him against the side of a police car.[47] After Nichols was on the ground, the involved officers convened and shared their stories about the arrest. In the body-worn camera footage, Michael Ruiz of Fox News reported, "officers can be heard discussing his alleged driving, 'swerving' and nearly hitting one of them".[48] One officer bragged: "I was hitting him with straight haymakers, dog", while another exclaimed: "I jumped in, started rocking him."[49]

Medics arrived around 8:41 p.m. but did not begin to assist Nichols until 16 minutes later. An ambulance arrived at 9:02 p.m. and took Nichols to St. Francis Hospital at 9:18 p.m. after he complained of shortness of breath.[40]

On scene, video footage showed officers issued at least 71 commands over 13 minutes; The New York Times described the orders as "often simultaneous and contradictory" and "sometimes even impossible to obey". The Times cited one such example of many, where an officer shouted "Give me your fucking hands!" while Nichols had one officer pinning his arms behind his back, a second officer holding his handcuffed wrist, and a third officer punching Nichols' face.[50][51][52][15] One former police officer described the officers' interaction with Nichols as having "started with poor communication" and going downhill from there.[51] Nichols' family lawyers say that he was tortured to death by police officers.[53]

On January 8, the department stated that the traffic stop of Nichols was due to reckless driving.[54][55] On January 27, Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn J. Davis stated that her department reviewed footage, including from body cameras regarding the traffic stop and the arrest, to "determine what that probable cause was and we have not been able to substantiate that – ...It doesn't mean that something didn't happen, but there's no proof."[54][55][56]

Nichols died in the hospital 3 days later, on January 10.[57]

Charges and actions edit

The MPD sent a change of status form, summary of charges, hearing summary, and decertification request to the Tennessee Peace Officers Standards and Training Commission (POST), informing them that the five accused MPD officers were relieved of duty effective January 8, 2023.[58][59]

MPD Deputy Chief M. Hardy was the Hearing Officer for each of five hearings.[15] In the hearing summary specific to Haley's conduct, Hardy upheld the charge that Haley violated MPD DR 603 INFORMATION CONCERNING POLICE BUSINESS by taking pictures in front of Nichols and sharing the photos with at least six individuals both within the MPD and an acquaintance.[15][58] Hardy described each Officers conduct as "unjustly, blatantly unprofessional and unbecoming for a sworn public servant."[15]

On February 14, the Shelby County Sheriff's Office, which is independent of the MPD, announced in a press release,[60] that Sheriff Deputies Jeremy Watkins and Johntavious Bowers were suspended for five days without pay following an internal investigation.[61] County Sheriff Floyd Bonner Jr. said that Watkins and Bowers violated:

  1. Radio Communication Procedures — Failed to notify dispatchers and supervisor that they responded to the Nichols traffic stop.
  2. Mobile Video Recording System Procedures — Failed to document their presence at the scene or report the incident in daily activity logs.
  3. Patrol Field Job Duties and Responsibilities — Failed to activate patrol vehicle's mobile video recording unit ("dash cam")
  4. Operation Responsibility of Daily Activity Log (Watkins only) — Failed to activate body-worn cameras.[60]

Bonner added he does not expect his deputies to face criminal charges. Both deputies have been in their positions since June 2021.[62]

On September 12, 2023, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that the five officers have been indicted on Federal charges.[63] Each of the five are currently facing four federal counts: one count for depriving Nichols of his right to be "free from the use of unreasonable force by a police officer," one count of deliberate indifference to Nichols' medical needs and a failure to render aide, one count of tampering with evidence in an effort to cover up their crimes, and one count of intentionally omitting material information and providing false and misleading information.[64]

Investigations edit

Police report edit

A police report was written two hours after Nichols was beaten.[65] The report claimed that at the initial traffic stop Nichols was irate, sweating profusely when he left his vehicle, and he refused to be detained. Pepper spray and a taser were ineffective in controlling Nichols.[66] For the second encounter between Nichols and police, the report claimed that Nichols resisted arrest by grabbing an officer's duty belt and another officer's vest, ignored their orders, leading to officers using pepper spray and striking Nichols with a baton; Nichols was eventually taken into custody after "several verbal" commands.[65]

The released videos did not corroborate the police report's claim that Nichols "started to fight" with officers, or even that he had been violent at all.[66][67] The released videos also did not corroborate the officers' claim that Nichols reached for their weapons.[68] Seth Stoughton, a law professor and use-of-force expert, noted that an officer typically shouts it out immediately if they see a suspect reach for a weapon, and none did so in the videos of their struggles with Nichols.[69] The initial police report did not state that officers had punched or kicked Nichols.[66]

Autopsy edit

Preliminary findings of an autopsy commissioned by Nichols' family indicate that he "suffered excessive bleeding caused by a severe beating".[70][71][72]

The autopsy conducted by the Shelby County Medical Examiner's Office (SCMEO) confirmed the cause of death as blunt force trauma to the head, and classified the manner of death as homicide.[53][73] A toxicology analysis found that Nichols' blood alcohol content was 0.049, and also the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).[53][73]

The SCMEO [74] summarized his injuries as blunt force injuries to his head, neck, torso and extremities; multiple cortical contusions; and several instances of hemorrhages throughout his body. It also lists multiple contusions, abrasions, and bruising to his body.

The report also said he suffered brain hemorrhages and liver failure.

Dismissals and criminal charges edit

On January 7, Shelby County District Attorney Steve Mulroy asked the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation to investigate allegations of excessive use of force during the arrest.

On January 15, MPD announced the officers involved would face administrative action.[75] The U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) also opened a civil rights investigation.[76] On January 20, MPD announced that the five officers would be fired.[77][78][79]

By January 24, two Memphis Fire Services (MFS) emergency medical technicians (EMTs), Robert Long and JaMichael Sandridge, who were on scene had been relieved of duty without further explanation.[80] A week later, a total of three MFS employees had been fired – the two EMTs and an MFS lieutenant, Michelle Whitaker – for failing to conduct a proper assessment or treatment to Nichols, a break in policies and procedures.[81][82]

On January 24, the five officers were arrested and charged with second degree murder,[83] aggravated assault, aggravated kidnapping, official misconduct, and official oppression.[84][85] As of January 27, all five men have posted bail and been released, according to Shelby County Jail records.[86]

On January 30, authorities announced that two other police officers, Preston Hemphill, and an unidentified officer, had also been relieved of duty.[87][88] On February 3, it was announced that Hemphill had also been fired.[89][90] Hemphill, who is White, had been involved in the initial traffic stop and tasing but not in the subsequent filmed beating.

Nichols' family retained attorneys Benjamin Crump[11] and Antonio Romanucci.[91]

Grand jury indictments edit

On January 26, the Grand Jury of the State of Tennessee indicted each of the five MPD officers for multiple charges: second-degree murder, aggravated assault, aggravated kidnapping (two counts), official misconduct (two counts), and official oppression.[92][93]

Court hearings edit

On February 16, the five former MPD officers appeared at the Shelby County Criminal Court and pleaded not guilty to all of their charges.[94] On August 18, three of the five officers requested separate trials.[95] On October 2 Shelby county judge James Jones Jr issued an order denying those requests, saying that severing the cases is not required to protect their rights to a “fair determination” of their guilt or innocence.[96]

Aftermath edit

After Nichols' death, Chief Davis called for a review of the SCORPION unit,[27][97] and the unit was disbanded on January 28.[98][99]

In the weeks after Nichols' death, the The Institute for Public Service Reporting in Memphis reviewed reports that appear to show SCORPION units engaged in "zero-tolerance" or "proactive policing"-type activities.[100] The review revealed that often SCORPION units initiated contact for minor crimes like a seat belt violation, a tinted window violation, or low-level drug offenses.[100][101] This tactic tended escalating with the use of aggressive tactics by the police with little supervision.[102][failed verification]

A GoFundMe campaign was created by family members of Nichols that states "We want to build a memorial skate park for Tyre, in honor of his love for skating and sunsets." By January 29, the GoFundMe campaign had raised nearly US$1 million.[103]

On the evening of January 31, 2023, a ceremony and press conference with Nichols' family was held at the Mason Temple Church in Memphis, where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his final speech "I've Been to the Mountaintop" in 1968.[104] Nichols' funeral was held the next day at the Mississippi Boulevard Christian Church in Memphis.[104] During the service, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris and Reverend Al Sharpton called for the approval of the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act and other police reforms.[105]

U.S. Representative Steven Horsford invited Nichols' parents to attend President Joe Biden's 2023 State of the Union Address.[106] Biden discussed the difficulty black and brown families have when preparing their children for confrontations with the law. For example, Biden said that such families tell their children that when "a police officer pulls you over, turn on your interior lights. Don't reach for your license. Keep your hands on the steering wheel."[107]

According to Biden, Nichols' mother told him her son was "a beautiful soul and something good will come from this". Biden said that society should "Give law enforcement the training they need, hold them to higher standards, and help them succeed in keeping everyone safe."[107]

On March 24, 2023, it was announced that the Peace Office Standards & Training Commission voted to decertify four of the five police officers involved, barring them from working as officers in Tennessee. They have 30 days to appeal the decision.[108] On April 19, 2023, Nicholas' family launched legal proceedings against the Memphis Police Force.[109]

Protests edit

Main article: Tyre Nichols protests

On January 27, the police body-worn camera video footage of the incident was released to the public.[110] Chief Davis stated that officials "decided it would be best to release the video later in the day after schools are dismissed and people are home from work" due to concern over the civil unrest that might result after its release.[110]

 
Protest in Columbus, Ohio

Following the release of the video, protesters in Memphis blocked traffic on Interstate 55.[111] By January 28, protests had also occurred in New York City, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Portland, Atlanta, San Francisco, Boston, Baltimore, and Newark.[112][113]

Reactions edit

U.S. President Joe Biden spoke with the Nichols family and joined in their call for peaceful protest.[114][115][57] Biden also told the family that he would renew a push with Congress to pass the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act to tackle police misconduct.[110]

Various police officers reacted to the death of Tyre Nichols. Police Chief Davis released a video statement where she said, "This is not just a professional failing. This is a failing of basic humanity toward another individual."[116] On January 27, in an appearance on Good Morning America, she said, "In my 36 years, [...] I would have to say I don't think I've ever been more horrified and disgusted, sad" about the video, and it was "still very unclear" as to why the officers stopped Nichols.[117] New York City Police Commissioner Keechant Sewell, denounced what she called "disgraceful actions", while Chicago Police Superintendent, David O. Brown, called the video "horrific".[99] On the day of the video's release, FBI Director Christopher Wray said he was appalled by the video, and Patrick Yoes, the national president of the Fraternal Order of Police, stated that "The event as described to us does not constitute legitimate police work or a traffic stop gone wrong. This is a criminal assault under the pretext of law."[110] New York City Mayor Eric Adams, a retired captain from the NYPD, told the press that the White House had briefed him and other mayors on the video ahead of its release and that it would "trigger pain and sadness in many of us. It will make us angry."[110][118]

A moment of silence was held for Nichols before the NBA basketball game in Minneapolis at the Target Center on January 27 between the Memphis Grizzlies and Minnesota Timberwolves.[119]

The Legal Aid Society of New York City released a statement that included, "We must continue to question the police's role in society, as these incidents frequently recur, and many more happen all the time without being captured on body-worn cameras."[120] On January 29, Senate Judiciary Chair Dick Durbin said, "We need a national conversation about policing in a responsible, constitutional and humane way. These men and women with badges put them on each day and risk their lives for us. I know that, but we also see from these videos horrible conduct by these same officers in unacceptable situations."[121]

The Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation issued a statement that stated, "Although the media has spent a great amount of time drawing attention to the fact that the police officers are black as if that is important, let us be clear: all police represent the interest of capitalism and impel state-sanctioned violence. Anyone who works within a system that perpetuates state-sanctioned violence is complicit in upholding white supremacy."[122]

In June 2023 the Regency Community Skate Park in Sacramento was renamed to the Tyre Nichols Skate Park.[123]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ SCORPION is an acronym for Street Crimes Operation to Restore Peace in Our Neighborhoods.

References edit

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  2. ^ "5 ex-Memphis police officers are charged with murder in Tyre Nichols' death". NBC News. January 27, 2023. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  3. ^ Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Finton, Lucas; Burgess, Katherine; Watts, Micaela A.; Santucci, Jeanine. "Video shows Memphis police violently beating Tyre Nichols in the traffic stop that led to his death". USA Today. from the original on January 28, 2023. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  4. ^ Slow, Oliver (January 27, 2023). "Tyre Nichols: Family remembers 'a beautiful soul'". BBC News. from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
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  7. ^ "About". tnicholsphotography. from the original on January 28, 2023. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  8. ^ Luscombe, Richard (January 27, 2023). "'He had a beautiful soul': Tyre Nichols' parents reflect on the son who was taken from them". The Guardian. from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  9. ^ McGough, Michael (January 27, 2023). "Family of Tyre Nichols urge calm as police prepare to release video of fatal beating". The Sacramento Bee. from the original on January 28, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
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  24. ^ a b c "First round of decertification moves forward for former MPD officers in the Tyre Nichols' case". WATN-TV. March 24, 2023.
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  39. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  41. ^ a b Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas (January 27, 2023). "Videos show Memphis police kicking and beating Tyre Nichols as he begs them to stop". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 28, 2023. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
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External links edit

  • State of Tennessee v. Tadarrius Bean, Demetrius Haley, Emmit Martin, Desmond Mills Jr., and Justin Smith

October 27, 2023
killing, tyre, nichols, january, 2023, tyre, nichols, year, black, fatally, injured, police, officers, memphis, tennessee, dying, three, days, later, officers, members, memphis, police, department, scorpion, unit, pulled, nichols, from, before, pepper, sprayin. On January 7 2023 Tyre Nichols a 29 year old black man was fatally injured by police officers in Memphis Tennessee dying three days later The officers all members of the Memphis Police Department MPD SCORPION a unit pulled Nichols from his car before pepper spraying and tasering him Nichols broke free and ran toward his mother s house which was less than a mile 1 6 km away Five black officers caught up with Nichols near the house where they punched kicked and pepper sprayed him and struck him with a baton Medics on the scene failed to administer care for 16 minutes after arriving Nichols was admitted to the hospital in critical condition Killing of Tyre NicholsStill image from pole mounted CCTV footageDateJanuary 7 2023 traffic stop January 10 2023 death Time Tooltip Approximation 8 34 p m CST LocationMemphis Shelby County Tennessee U S Coordinates35 01 48 N 89 50 21 W 35 03013 N 89 83903 W 35 03013 89 83903 1 TypeHomicide by blunt trauma police killingDeathsTyre NicholsAccusedTadarrius BeanDemetrius HaleyEmmitt Martin IIIDesmond Mills Jr Justin SmithChargesSecond degree murderAggravated assaultAggravated kidnapping 2 counts Official misconduct 2 counts Official oppressionThe officers reported that they stopped Nichols for reckless driving The MPD released four edited video clips from police body cameras and a nearby pole mounted camera MPD Police Chief Cerelyn J Davis later stated that the department had reviewed camera footage and could not find any evidence of probable cause for the traffic stop The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and the United States Department of Justice both opened investigations into the incident The autopsy determined the cause of death as blunt force trauma to the head and the manner of death as homicide The five officers who allegedly assaulted Nichols were discharged from the MPD effective January 8 2023 They were arrested and charged on January 26 with second degree murder aggravated kidnapping aggravated assault official misconduct and official oppression 2 They have all pled not guilty to the charges The MPD has disciplined relieved of duty dismissed or arrested thirteen officers in total regarding their conduct Memphis Fire Services terminated three employees for their failure to evaluate or assist Nichols After the release of the videos widespread protests began on January 27 Contents 1 People involved 1 1 Tyre Nichols 1 2 Police officers 1 2 1 DeWayne Smith 1 3 SCORPION Unit 2 Traffic stop and death 3 Charges and actions 4 Investigations 4 1 Police report 4 2 Autopsy 4 3 Dismissals and criminal charges 4 4 Grand jury indictments 4 5 Court hearings 5 Aftermath 5 1 Protests 5 2 Reactions 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksPeople involved editTyre Nichols edit Tyre Deandre Nichols June 5 1993 January 10 2023 3 was a 29 year old black man Nichols worked for FedEx 4 5 and was an amateur photographer with a photography website 6 7 8 Nichols was raised in Sacramento California and moved to Memphis in 2020 9 His mother is RowVaughn Wells 10 According to his family s attorney Nichols was almost impossibly slim due to Crohn s disease and weighed 145 pounds 66 kilograms at a height of 6 feet 3 inches 1 91 meters 11 Police officers edit The five black Memphis Police Department MPD officers accused of beating Nichols in connection to the traffic stop each had two to six years of police experience 12 13 14 Tadarrius Bean 24 hired in August 2020 Demetrius Haley 30 hired in August 2020 a former corrections officer first officer at initial traffic stop 15 Emmitt Martin III 30 hired in March 2018 second officer at initial traffic stop 15 Desmond Mills Jr 32 hired in March 2017 a former jailer in Mississippi and Tennessee Justin Smith 28 hired in March 2018 14 Four out of the five officers had prior disciplinary actions by MPD for various offenses 16 All five were members of an MPD 30 person specialized hot spot policing unit known as SCORPION street crimes operation to restore peace in our neighborhoods 17 DeWayne Smith edit Lt DeWayne Smith an officer with 25 years experience was a supervisor in the SCORPION unit on the scene at the time of Nichols s beating 18 Smith retired the day before an administrative hearing in which he was expected to be dismissed 18 19 20 21 22 Smith was subsequently considered for decertification which bars police officers from working again in the jurisdiction that certified them 23 The documents accompanying the decertification request contended that Smith had 1 failed to address Nichols complaint that he could not breathe 2 failed to obtain reports from the police officers as to their use of force 3 told Nichols family that Nichols had been driving under the influence despite a lack of information to support such a charge and 4 failed to wear a body camera in violation of the police department s policy 19 The MPD requested that the Tennessee Peace Officer Standards and Training Commission POST decertify Smith 24 It then asked to rescind that request at which point POST asked the department for an explanation as to its reversal 24 In a news release the MPD announced it would continue with the request saying it had merely meant to ask for a delay and clarifying information as to whether an officer who resigned prior to termination could be decertified 24 SCORPION Unit edit SCORPION was assembled by Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn J Davis in October 2021 to deal with serious crimes Davis disbanded SCORPION in the wake of Nichols death 25 26 27 SCORPION unit officers drove unmarked cars and many dressed in plainclothes and wore bulletproof vests marked Police 28 SCORPION has been compared to the RED DOG unit Davis commanded in 2006 and 2007 as a member of the Atlanta Georgia police department 29 Davis described the Red Dog as utilizing aggressive crime fighting strategies in high crime areas citywide 30 The Red Dog unit was disbanded in 2011 after the city agreed to settle a lawsuit regarding excessive force by Red Dog officers 29 NBC News reported that a former member of Atlanta Civilian Review Board said it should have been clear to Davis that a tactical unit like Scorpion was prone to violating people s rights in Memphis just as Red Dog did in Atlanta 29 Traffic stop and death editExternal videoFootage published by the City of Memphis nbsp Video 1 MPD body camera footage initial traffic stop from Officer Preston Hemphill 31 nbsp Video 2 From pole mounted CCTV camera footage second detainment location nbsp Video 3 MPD body camera footage second detainment location from Officer Desmond Mills Jr 32 nbsp Video 4 MPD body camera footage from the second detainment locationNichols was two minutes away from his home when he was stopped by MPD at 8 24 p m on January 7 2023 Officers Haley Martin and Preston Hemphill 33 conducted the initial stop of Nichols at the intersection East Raines Road and Ross Road 34 with police vehicles surrounding his car on three sides The body worn camera footage released by the City of Memphis on January 27 does not show any activity earlier than an officer responding to a stop in progress 35 Haley and Martin were at the traffic stop when Hemphill arrived at 8 24 p m 36 15 By 8 25 p m Haley 37 pulled Nichols out of his car as Nichols said I didn t do anything 36 An officer shouted Get on the fuckin ground and moments later an officer shouted I m gonna tase your ass 38 Officers pushed Nichols to the ground At about 8 25 45 p m Nichols was lying on his side in the road an officer had Nichols left hand a second officer had Nichols right hand a third officer held a taser against Nichols left leg while also using his right hand to hold Nichols to the ground 36 From the moment that Nichols was pulled from the car to being held on the ground officers simultaneously yelled numerous commands threats expletives and made assaultive comments 15 at him While being held on the ground an officer continued to yell for Nichols to lay down Nichols responded I am on the ground An officer yelled back Lay on your stomach Moments later Haley deployed pepper spray against Nichols 15 which hit several of the other officers 38 Nichols broke free and began to run Hemphill against regulations 39 deployed his taser at Nichols At 8 26 p m Nichols began running south on Ross Road as he was pursued by at least two officers Two more police units arrived at the scene around 8 29 p m 40 Footage showed that one officer who remained at the area of the traffic stop said I hope they stomp his ass 41 At 8 33 p m Officers Bean Mills and Smith caught up to Nichols and had him on the ground at Castlegate Lane and Bear Creek which is approximately a half a mile 800 meters away from the original traffic stop 37 Footage from a pole mounted CCTV camera showed an officer using his leg to push Nichols hard to the ground Between 8 33 p m and 8 36 p m Nichols was punched then pepper sprayed a second time then kicked in the upper torso numerous times by a fourth officer then an officer can be heard yelling I m going to baton the fuck out of you before striking Nichols several times with a baton then punched five times in the face by one officer 42 43 The video footage showed officers had control of Nichols arms when he was struck with the baton kicked and successively punched in the face 5 times 44 45 A fifth officer arrived as Nichols was on the ground and in the process of being handcuffed and kicked him in the upper torso which was followed by another kick to the upper torso by another officer Fox News reported that in the videos Nichols can be heard calling out to his mother before police beat him into a daze 35 Nichols conduct has been initially described as non resisting 46 and non violent 15 there is no indication that he struck back at the officers 41 By 8 37 p m Nichols was handcuffed and limp officers propped him against the side of a police car 47 After Nichols was on the ground the involved officers convened and shared their stories about the arrest In the body worn camera footage Michael Ruiz of Fox News reported officers can be heard discussing his alleged driving swerving and nearly hitting one of them 48 One officer bragged I was hitting him with straight haymakers dog while another exclaimed I jumped in started rocking him 49 Medics arrived around 8 41 p m but did not begin to assist Nichols until 16 minutes later An ambulance arrived at 9 02 p m and took Nichols to St Francis Hospital at 9 18 p m after he complained of shortness of breath 40 On scene video footage showed officers issued at least 71 commands over 13 minutes The New York Times described the orders as often simultaneous and contradictory and sometimes even impossible to obey The Times cited one such example of many where an officer shouted Give me your fucking hands while Nichols had one officer pinning his arms behind his back a second officer holding his handcuffed wrist and a third officer punching Nichols face 50 51 52 15 One former police officer described the officers interaction with Nichols as having started with poor communication and going downhill from there 51 Nichols family lawyers say that he was tortured to death by police officers 53 On January 8 the department stated that the traffic stop of Nichols was due to reckless driving 54 55 On January 27 Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn J Davis stated that her department reviewed footage including from body cameras regarding the traffic stop and the arrest to determine what that probable cause was and we have not been able to substantiate that It doesn t mean that something didn t happen but there s no proof 54 55 56 Nichols died in the hospital 3 days later on January 10 57 Charges and actions editThe MPD sent a change of status form summary of charges hearing summary and decertification request to the Tennessee Peace Officers Standards and Training Commission POST informing them that the five accused MPD officers were relieved of duty effective January 8 2023 58 59 MPD Deputy Chief M Hardy was the Hearing Officer for each of five hearings 15 In the hearing summary specific to Haley s conduct Hardy upheld the charge that Haley violated MPD DR 603 INFORMATION CONCERNING POLICE BUSINESS by taking pictures in front of Nichols and sharing the photos with at least six individuals both within the MPD and an acquaintance 15 58 Hardy described each Officers conduct as unjustly blatantly unprofessional and unbecoming for a sworn public servant 15 On February 14 the Shelby County Sheriff s Office which is independent of the MPD announced in a press release 60 that Sheriff Deputies Jeremy Watkins and Johntavious Bowers were suspended for five days without pay following an internal investigation 61 County Sheriff Floyd Bonner Jr said that Watkins and Bowers violated Radio Communication Procedures Failed to notify dispatchers and supervisor that they responded to the Nichols traffic stop Mobile Video Recording System Procedures Failed to document their presence at the scene or report the incident in daily activity logs Patrol Field Job Duties and Responsibilities Failed to activate patrol vehicle s mobile video recording unit dash cam Operation Responsibility of Daily Activity Log Watkins only Failed to activate body worn cameras 60 Bonner added he does not expect his deputies to face criminal charges Both deputies have been in their positions since June 2021 62 On September 12 2023 the United States Department of Justice DOJ announced that the five officers have been indicted on Federal charges 63 Each of the five are currently facing four federal counts one count for depriving Nichols of his right to be free from the use of unreasonable force by a police officer one count of deliberate indifference to Nichols medical needs and a failure to render aide one count of tampering with evidence in an effort to cover up their crimes and one count of intentionally omitting material information and providing false and misleading information 64 Investigations editPolice report edit A police report was written two hours after Nichols was beaten 65 The report claimed that at the initial traffic stop Nichols was irate sweating profusely when he left his vehicle and he refused to be detained Pepper spray and a taser were ineffective in controlling Nichols 66 For the second encounter between Nichols and police the report claimed that Nichols resisted arrest by grabbing an officer s duty belt and another officer s vest ignored their orders leading to officers using pepper spray and striking Nichols with a baton Nichols was eventually taken into custody after several verbal commands 65 The released videos did not corroborate the police report s claim that Nichols started to fight with officers or even that he had been violent at all 66 67 The released videos also did not corroborate the officers claim that Nichols reached for their weapons 68 Seth Stoughton a law professor and use of force expert noted that an officer typically shouts it out immediately if they see a suspect reach for a weapon and none did so in the videos of their struggles with Nichols 69 The initial police report did not state that officers had punched or kicked Nichols 66 Autopsy edit Preliminary findings of an autopsy commissioned by Nichols family indicate that he suffered excessive bleeding caused by a severe beating 70 71 72 The autopsy conducted by the Shelby County Medical Examiner s Office SCMEO confirmed the cause of death as blunt force trauma to the head and classified the manner of death as homicide 53 73 A toxicology analysis found that Nichols blood alcohol content was 0 049 and also the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol THC 53 73 The SCMEO 74 summarized his injuries as blunt force injuries to his head neck torso and extremities multiple cortical contusions and several instances of hemorrhages throughout his body It also lists multiple contusions abrasions and bruising to his body The report also said he suffered brain hemorrhages and liver failure Dismissals and criminal charges edit On January 7 Shelby County District Attorney Steve Mulroy asked the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation to investigate allegations of excessive use of force during the arrest On January 15 MPD announced the officers involved would face administrative action 75 The U S Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI also opened a civil rights investigation 76 On January 20 MPD announced that the five officers would be fired 77 78 79 By January 24 two Memphis Fire Services MFS emergency medical technicians EMTs Robert Long and JaMichael Sandridge who were on scene had been relieved of duty without further explanation 80 A week later a total of three MFS employees had been fired the two EMTs and an MFS lieutenant Michelle Whitaker for failing to conduct a proper assessment or treatment to Nichols a break in policies and procedures 81 82 On January 24 the five officers were arrested and charged with second degree murder 83 aggravated assault aggravated kidnapping official misconduct and official oppression 84 85 As of January 27 all five men have posted bail and been released according to Shelby County Jail records 86 On January 30 authorities announced that two other police officers Preston Hemphill and an unidentified officer had also been relieved of duty 87 88 On February 3 it was announced that Hemphill had also been fired 89 90 Hemphill who is White had been involved in the initial traffic stop and tasing but not in the subsequent filmed beating Nichols family retained attorneys Benjamin Crump 11 and Antonio Romanucci 91 Grand jury indictments edit On January 26 the Grand Jury of the State of Tennessee indicted each of the five MPD officers for multiple charges second degree murder aggravated assault aggravated kidnapping two counts official misconduct two counts and official oppression 92 93 Court hearings edit On February 16 the five former MPD officers appeared at the Shelby County Criminal Court and pleaded not guilty to all of their charges 94 On August 18 three of the five officers requested separate trials 95 On October 2 Shelby county judge James Jones Jr issued an order denying those requests saying that severing the cases is not required to protect their rights to a fair determination of their guilt or innocence 96 Aftermath editAfter Nichols death Chief Davis called for a review of the SCORPION unit 27 97 and the unit was disbanded on January 28 98 99 In the weeks after Nichols death the The Institute for Public Service Reporting in Memphis reviewed reports that appear to show SCORPION units engaged in zero tolerance or proactive policing type activities 100 The review revealed that often SCORPION units initiated contact for minor crimes like a seat belt violation a tinted window violation or low level drug offenses 100 101 This tactic tended escalating with the use of aggressive tactics by the police with little supervision 102 failed verification A GoFundMe campaign was created by family members of Nichols that states We want to build a memorial skate park for Tyre in honor of his love for skating and sunsets By January 29 update the GoFundMe campaign had raised nearly US 1 million 103 On the evening of January 31 2023 a ceremony and press conference with Nichols family was held at the Mason Temple Church in Memphis where Martin Luther King Jr gave his final speech I ve Been to the Mountaintop in 1968 104 Nichols funeral was held the next day at the Mississippi Boulevard Christian Church in Memphis 104 During the service U S Vice President Kamala Harris and Reverend Al Sharpton called for the approval of the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act and other police reforms 105 U S Representative Steven Horsford invited Nichols parents to attend President Joe Biden s 2023 State of the Union Address 106 Biden discussed the difficulty black and brown families have when preparing their children for confrontations with the law For example Biden said that such families tell their children that when a police officer pulls you over turn on your interior lights Don t reach for your license Keep your hands on the steering wheel 107 According to Biden Nichols mother told him her son was a beautiful soul and something good will come from this Biden said that society should Give law enforcement the training they need hold them to higher standards and help them succeed in keeping everyone safe 107 On March 24 2023 it was announced that the Peace Office Standards amp Training Commission voted to decertify four of the five police officers involved barring them from working as officers in Tennessee They have 30 days to appeal the decision 108 On April 19 2023 Nicholas family launched legal proceedings against the Memphis Police Force 109 Protests edit Main article Tyre Nichols protests On January 27 the police body worn camera video footage of the incident was released to the public 110 Chief Davis stated that officials decided it would be best to release the video later in the day after schools are dismissed and people are home from work due to concern over the civil unrest that might result after its release 110 nbsp Protest in Columbus OhioFollowing the release of the video protesters in Memphis blocked traffic on Interstate 55 111 By January 28 protests had also occurred in New York City Chicago Washington D C Philadelphia Los Angeles Portland Atlanta San Francisco Boston Baltimore and Newark 112 113 Reactions edit U S President Joe Biden spoke with the Nichols family and joined in their call for peaceful protest 114 115 57 Biden also told the family that he would renew a push with Congress to pass the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act to tackle police misconduct 110 Various police officers reacted to the death of Tyre Nichols Police Chief Davis released a video statement where she said This is not just a professional failing This is a failing of basic humanity toward another individual 116 On January 27 in an appearance on Good Morning America she said In my 36 years I would have to say I don t think I ve ever been more horrified and disgusted sad about the video and it was still very unclear as to why the officers stopped Nichols 117 New York City Police Commissioner Keechant Sewell denounced what she called disgraceful actions while Chicago Police Superintendent David O Brown called the video horrific 99 On the day of the video s release FBI Director Christopher Wray said he was appalled by the video and Patrick Yoes the national president of the Fraternal Order of Police stated that The event as described to us does not constitute legitimate police work or a traffic stop gone wrong This is a criminal assault under the pretext of law 110 New York City Mayor Eric Adams a retired captain from the NYPD told the press that the White House had briefed him and other mayors on the video ahead of its release and that it would trigger pain and sadness in many of us It will make us angry 110 118 A moment of silence was held for Nichols before the NBA basketball game in Minneapolis at the Target Center on January 27 between the Memphis Grizzlies and Minnesota Timberwolves 119 The Legal Aid Society of New York City released a statement that included We must continue to question the police s role in society as these incidents frequently recur and many more happen all the time without being captured on body worn cameras 120 On January 29 Senate Judiciary Chair Dick Durbin said We need a national conversation about policing in a responsible constitutional and humane way These men and women with badges put them on each day and risk their lives for us I know that but we also see from these videos horrible conduct by these same officers in unacceptable situations 121 The Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation issued a statement that stated Although the media has spent a great amount of time drawing attention to the fact that the police officers are black as if that is important let us be clear all police represent the interest of capitalism and impel state sanctioned violence Anyone who works within a system that perpetuates state sanctioned violence is complicit in upholding white supremacy 122 In June 2023 the Regency Community Skate Park in Sacramento was renamed to the Tyre Nichols Skate Park 123 See also edit nbsp Crime portal nbsp Tennessee portalList of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States January 2023 Police brutality in the United StatesNotes edit SCORPION is an acronym for Street Crimes Operation to Restore Peace in Our Neighborhoods References edit Cardia Alexander Kao Jason Koettl Christoph Lutz Eleanor Singhvi Anjali Stein Robin January 28 2023 A Timeline of Tyre Nichols s Lethal Police Encounter The New York Times Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 30 2023 5 ex Memphis police officers are charged with murder in Tyre Nichols death NBC News January 27 2023 Retrieved June 13 2023 Yancey Bragg N dea Finton Lucas Burgess Katherine Watts Micaela A Santucci Jeanine Video shows Memphis police violently beating Tyre Nichols in the traffic stop that led to his death USA Today Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Slow Oliver January 27 2023 Tyre Nichols Family remembers a beautiful soul BBC News Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Rojas Rick January 26 2023 Who was Tyre Nichols The New York Times Archived from the original on January 26 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Zdanowicz Christina Timm Garcia Jaide January 27 2023 Tyre Nichols was a son and father who enjoyed skateboarding photography and sunsets his family says CNN Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 About tnicholsphotography Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Luscombe Richard January 27 2023 He had a beautiful soul Tyre Nichols parents reflect on the son who was taken from them The Guardian Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 McGough Michael January 27 2023 Family of Tyre Nichols urge calm as police prepare to release video of fatal beating The Sacramento Bee Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Sainz Adrian February 5 2023 Tyre Nichols mom chief Women on two sides of a tragedy Associated Press Retrieved April 13 2023 a b Fausset Richard January 27 2023 From Sacramento to Memphis Tyre Nichols Cut His Own Path The New York Times Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 McGrady Clyde January 28 2023 Tyre Nichols Beating Opens a Complex Conversation on Race and Policing The New York Times Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Klemko Robert Foster Frau Silvia Davies Emily January 29 2023 Black Memphis police spark dialogue on systemic racism in the U S The Washington Post Archived from the original on January 30 2023 Retrieved January 30 2023 a b Lenthang Marlene Chan Melissa Planas Antonio Siemaszko Corky January 27 2023 What we know about the 5 Memphis police officers charged with beating Tyre Nichols to death NBC News Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 a b c d e f g h i j Archived copy PDF Archived PDF from the original on March 11 2023 Retrieved March 11 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Finton Lucas 4 officers indicted in Tyre Nichols death had previous reprimands suspensions by MPD The Commercial Appeal Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved February 2 2023 Memphis police disband unit whose officers fatally beat Tyre Nichols The Guardian Associated Press January 28 2023 ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved March 22 2023 a b Franklin Jonathan March 23 2023 A police officer in the Tyre Nichols case retired with benefits That s not unusual NPR a b Supervisor in Tyre Nichols death retired before firing Associated Press March 18 2023 MPD supervisor at Tyre Nichols arrest retired a day before his termination hearing documents show WHBQ TV March 18 2023 Valencia Nick March 18 2023 Newly obtained documents identify senior officer at Tyre Nichols arrest show he retired before he could be fired CNN Retrieved March 19 2023 Royer David March 17 2023 Police supervisor in Tyre Nichols case retired a day before hearing WREG TV Radde Kaitlyn March 24 2023 4 ex Memphis police officers charged with Tyre Nichols murder have been decertified a b c First round of decertification moves forward for former MPD officers in the Tyre Nichols case WATN TV March 24 2023 Strickland Jim January 26 2022 A City on the Rise City of Memphis Archived from the original on March 14 2023 Retrieved March 14 2023 Matza Max January 26 2023 Tyre Nichols What is the Scorpion unit of Memphis police BBC Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 a b Graham David A January 27 2023 Memphis s Policing Strategy Was Bound to Result in Tragedy The Atlantic Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Jackson Joey January 26 2023 Legal analyst on significance of officers getting same charges in Nichols case CNN at 2 35 Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 30 2023 via YouTube a b c Schapiro Rich Schuppe Jon Weichselbaum Simone Samee Ali Safia February 2 2023 Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis once led Atlanta s aggressive Red Dog unit NBC News Archived copy Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved March 14 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Jaglois Jessica Rojas Rick January 30 2023 Two More Memphis Police Officers Are Suspended in Tyre Nichols s Death The New York Times Archived from the original on February 9 2023 Retrieved February 10 2023 Cardia Alexander Jhaveri Ishaan Lutz Eleanor Reneau Natalie Singhvi Anjali Stein Robin February 8 2023 Officers Manhandled and Beat Tyre Nichols We Tracked Each One s Role The New York Times Archived from the original on February 9 2023 Retrieved February 10 2023 Loller Travis Sainz Adrian Officer drew gun as he approached Tyre Nichols report finds fox7austin com Archived from the original on February 11 2023 Retrieved February 11 2023 Wilkerson Daniel January 25 2023 Retracing Tyre Nichols final steps during MPD confrontations FOX13Memphis com Archived from the original on January 25 2023 Retrieved February 10 2023 a b Ruiz Michael February 1 2023 Tyre Nichols mom on scene after Memphis beating that led to murder charges against 5 cops incident report Fox News Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b c City of Memphis January 27 2023 Video 1 Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 via Vimeo a b Mion Landon Tyre Nichols death Former Memphis cop took shared photos of bloodied victim Fox News Archived from the original on February 10 2023 Retrieved February 11 2023 a b Burgess Katherine January 28 2023 Video shows police kicking pepper spraying beating Tyre Nichols after traffic stop The Commercial Appeal Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Archived copy PDF Archived PDF from the original on March 17 2023 Retrieved March 16 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link a b Cardia Alexander Kao Jason Koettl Christoph Lutz Eleanor Singhvi Anjali Stein Robin January 28 2023 A Timeline of Tyre Nichols s Lethal Police Encounter The New York Times Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 a b Bogel Burroughs Nicholas January 27 2023 Videos show Memphis police kicking and beating Tyre Nichols as he begs them to stop The New York Times Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Thornton Claire A camera mounted on a light pole took video of police beating Tyre Nichols What to know about SkyCop USA TODAY Archived from the original on January 31 2023 Retrieved March 1 2023 Memphis City of January 27 2023 Video 3 Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 via Vimeo Hanna Jason Hartfield Elizabeth Video shows Tyre Nichols calling for his mother beaten by officers now charged in his death CNN Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Davies Emily Klemko Robert Sohyun Lee Joyce Video shows brutal Memphis police beating of Tyre Nichols The Washington Post Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Vlamis Kelsey Snodgrass Erin Tyre Nichols video shows a complete breakdown in police protocols legal experts say No reason 5 officers need to reduce themselves to closed fist punching Business Insider Archived from the original on March 16 2023 Retrieved March 16 2023 Tyre Nichols Punched Kicked in Face Pepper Sprayed in Police Body Cam Footage TMZ Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Ruiz Michael February 2023 Tyre Nichols mom on scene after Memphis beating that led to murder charges against 5 cops Incident report Fox News Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 Buncombe Andrew January 28 2023 Tyre Nichols video shows officers boasting as he lies motionless Hitting him with straight haymakers dog The Independent Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Stein Robin Cardia Alexander Reneau Natalie January 29 2023 71 Commands in 13 Minutes Officers Gave Tyre Nichols Impossible Orders The New York Times Archived from the original on February 1 2023 Retrieved February 2 2023 a b Wolfe Duane 10 things you can do to improve your voice commands Police1 Archived from the original on March 16 2023 Retrieved March 16 2023 The death of Tyre Nichols must mark a turning point in American police history Police1 Archived from the original on March 16 2023 Retrieved March 16 2023 a b c Tyre Nichols autopsy finds brain injuries from blunt force trauma attorneys say NPR NPR May 4 2023 Archived from the original on May 4 2023 Retrieved May 9 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Knutson Jacob January 27 2023 City of Memphis releases footage of police fatally beating Tyre Nichols Axios Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 a b Marcus Josh January 28 2023 Why was Tyre Nichols stopped by Memphis police The Independent Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Caldwell Travis January 27 2023 You re going to see acts that defy humanity police chief says as officials urge calm when Tyre Nichols arrest videos are released publicly tonight CNN Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 a b Clifford Tyler January 27 2023 Five ex Memphis police officers were charged with murder in death of Tyre Nichols Reuters Archived from the original on January 26 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 a b Jaglois Jessica Bogel Burroughs Nicholas Smith Mitch February 7 2023 Memphis Officer Texted Photo of Tyre Nichols After Beating New Documents Show The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 8 2023 Retrieved February 8 2023 Bella Timothy February 8 2023 Memphis officer texted a photo of bloodied Tyre Nichols records show The Washington Post Retrieved February 8 2023 a b Floyd Bonner Jr ShelbyTNSheriff February 15 2023 Press release regarding the internal investigation of the two Shelby County Sheriff s Office deputies Tweet Retrieved March 5 2023 via Twitter Winsor Morgan February 16 2023 2 deputies who tried to hide involvement in Tyre Nichols death suspended ABC7 Chicago Archived from the original on February 17 2023 Retrieved February 17 2023 Sainz Adrian February 16 2023 Deputies responding to Tyre Nichols stop didn t keep body cams on records show Associated Press Archived from the original on February 17 2023 Retrieved February 17 2023 via KDFW https www foxnews com us former memphis police officers charged death tyre nichols face federal indictment amp Attorney parents of Tyre Nichols call for federal civil rights charges in Greene killing The News Star Retrieved September 28 2023 a b Hurley Bevan January 31 2023 Initial Memphis police report falsely claims Tyre Nichols fought officers The Independent Archived from the original on February 1 2023 Retrieved February 1 2023 a b c Salahieh Nouran Yan Holly Valencia Nick February 1 2023 First police report in Tyre Nichols case does not match video of deadly beating CNN Archived from the original on February 1 2023 Retrieved February 2 2023 Jaglois Jessica Bogel Burroughs Nicholas Smith Mitch January 31 2023 Initial Police Report on Tyre Nichols Arrest Is Contradicted by Videos The New York Times Archived from the original on January 31 2023 Retrieved February 2 2023 Bogel Burroughs Nicholas January 27 2023 Live Updates Memphis Video Captures Officers Brutal Beating of Tyre Nichols The New York Times Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Kirkpatrick David January 28 2023 The Police Folklore That Helped Kill Tyre Nichols The New Yorker Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Wendling Mike January 25 2023 Autopsy indicates Tyre Nichols was beaten by police lawyers BBC News Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Levenson Jamiel Lynch Nick Valencia Eric January 25 2023 Tyre Nichols had extensive bleeding caused by a severe beating according to preliminary autopsy commissioned by family CNN Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 31 2023 Mander C Independent autopsy finds Tyre Nichols suffered excessive bleeding after encounter with police family lawyers say CBS News Archived from the original on January 30 2023 Retrieved January 31 2023 a b Report of Investigation by County Medical Examiner April 25 2023 DocumentCloud www documentcloud org Retrieved September 28 2023 Tyre Nichols died after a traffic stop with Memphis Police A timeline of events The Commercial Appeal January 20 2023 Archived from the original on January 21 2023 Retrieved January 21 2023 Smart Sara Lynch Jamiel January 18 2023 DOJ and FBI open civil rights investigation into the death of Memphis man who passed away after arrest CNN Archived from the original on January 21 2023 Retrieved January 21 2023 Almasy Steve Razek Raja January 20 2023 5 Memphis officers fired after death of man who was hospitalized after his arrest CNN Archived from the original on January 21 2023 Retrieved January 21 2023 Gertler Jessica Rucker Stuart January 20 2023 Five MPD Officers fired after Nichols investigation WREG TV Archived from the original on January 21 2023 Retrieved January 21 2023 5 Memphis police officers fired in death of Tyre Nichols CBS News January 20 2023 Archived from the original on January 21 2023 Retrieved January 21 2023 Douglas Stephanie Bolden Bria January 24 2023 Two Memphis Fire employees relieved of duty in connection to Tyre Nichols death internal investigation ongoing NBC 5 Archived from the original on January 24 2023 Retrieved January 24 2023 Rover David January 30 2023 3 Memphis Fire employees terminated in Tyre Nichols investigation WREG TV Archived from the original on January 31 2023 Retrieved January 31 2023 Jackson Phillip January 30 2023 3 Memphis Fire Dept Workers Terminated After Failing To Render Proper Aid To Tyre Nichols HuffPost Archived from the original on February 1 2023 Retrieved January 31 2023 Archived copy Archived from the original on March 13 2023 Retrieved March 13 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Clifford Tyler January 26 2023 Former Memphis officers arrested on murder charges in the death of Tyre Nichols Reuters Archived from the original on January 26 2023 Retrieved January 26 2023 Sainz Adrian Reynolds Rebecca January 26 2023 DA 5 Memphis cops all responsible for Tyre Nichols death AP News Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Jaglois Jessica Rojas Rick January 27 2023 Tyre Nichols Live Updates Memphis to Release Appalling Police Video The New York Times Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Shapiro Emily Pereira Ivan January 30 2023 7 officers involved in Tyre Nichols death relieved of duty 3 Memphis FD members fired ABC News Archived from the original on January 31 2023 Retrieved January 31 2023 Brown Jackson January 30 2023 Shelby County D A not ruling out charges for Preston Hemphill 6th officer named in Tyre Nichols death kvue com Archived from the original on February 1 2023 Retrieved January 31 2023 Lloyd Whitney Pereira Ivan February 3 2023 White officer involved in Tyre Nichols arrest fired ABC News Archived from the original on February 4 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Helsel Phil February 5 2023 Sixth Memphis officer fired after Tyre Nichols death NBC News Archived from the original on February 5 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Caldwell Travis January 27 2023 A timeline of the investigations into Tyre Nichols death after a traffic stop and arrest by Memphis police CNN Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 CNN legal analyst explains why charges of second degree murder were brought against former officers CNN January 26 2023 Retrieved March 21 2023 Memphis Police Officer Indictments PDF Archived PDF from the original on January 30 2023 Retrieved January 30 2023 Alsharif Mirna February 17 2023 Five former officers involved in Tyre Nichols death plead not guilty NBC News Archived from the original on February 17 2023 Retrieved February 17 2023 Sainz Adrian August 18 2023 3 of 5 former Memphis officers charged in Tyre Nichols death want separate trials CityNews Retrieved September 7 2023 Judge denies three ex officers request for separate trials in Tyre Nichols killing The Guardian Associated Press October 3 2023 ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved October 4 2023 Schuppe Jon Schapiro Rich Ali Safia Samee January 26 2023 Memphis police s vaunted Scorpion unit under scrutiny after Tyre Nichols death NBC News Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 This week Davis announced a review of all of the police department s specialized units including Scorpion in response to Nichols death Sainz Adrian January 28 2023 Memphis police disband unit that beat Tyre Nichols AP News Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 a b Berman Mark January 28 2023 As Memphis reckons with Tyre Nichols s death police shutter unit involved in case The Washington Post Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 a b Perrusquia Marc January 26 2023 Fired Officers Worked In MPD s SCORPION Unit www psrmemphis org Archived from the original on February 19 2023 Retrieved February 19 2023 Eder Steve Rosenberg Matthew Goldstein Joseph Baker Mike Bracken Kassie Walker Mark February 4 2023 Muscle Cars Balaclavas and Fists How the Scorpions Rolled Through Memphis The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 18 2023 Retrieved February 19 2023 Jaglois Jessica Goldstein Joseph February 17 2023 New Question in Tyre Nichols Case Where Were the Supervisors The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 18 2023 Retrieved February 19 2023 Hassan Jennifer January 29 2023 Tyre Nichols loved sunsets People are sharing glowing skies in his honor The Washington Post Retrieved January 29 2023 a b O Kane Caitlin February 1 2023 Ceremony for Tyre Nichols held at Mason Temple Church where Martin Luther King Jr gave his final speech CBS News Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 5 2023 Morrison Aaron Sainz Adrian February 1 2023 Impassioned calls for police reform at Tyre Nichols funeral AP News Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved February 1 2023 Singh Kanishka January 30 2023 Tyre Nichols mother stepfather to attend Biden State of the Union speech Reuters Archived from the original on February 8 2023 Retrieved February 8 2023 a b The White House February 8 2023 Remarks of President Joe Biden State of the Union Address as Prepared for Delivery The White House Archived from the original on February 8 2023 Retrieved February 8 2023 4 ex cops charged in Tyre Nichols death barred from police AP NEWS March 24 2023 Retrieved March 24 2023 Halpert Madeline April 19 2023 Tyre Nichols family sues Memphis Police Department BBC News Retrieved April 19 2023 a b c d e Sainz Adrian January 27 2023 Memphis authorities release video in Tyre Nichols death AP News Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Moon Melissa January 28 2023 Tyre Nichols protestors shut down old I 55 Bridge WREG TV Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Oladipo Gloria January 28 2023 We re tired of being beaten protesters across US call for justice for Tyre Nichols The Guardian Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Salahieh Nouran January 29 2023 Protesters across the US decry police brutality after Tyre Nichols death CNN Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Samuels Brett January 27 2023 Biden speaks to parents of Tyre Nichols ahead of expected video release The Hill Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Biden Joe January 26 2023 Statement from President Joe Biden on the Tyre Nichols Case Press release White House Archived from the original on January 30 2023 Retrieved January 30 2023 Berman Mark January 27 2023 Tyre Nichols case is defining moment for Memphis chief Cerelyn Davis The Washington Post Archived from the original on January 28 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Winsor Morgan January 27 2023 Memphis police chief horrified at Tyre Nichols video set to be released today ABC News Archived from the original on January 27 2023 Retrieved January 27 2023 Anuta Joe Goldenberg Sally January 27 2023 New York mayor confers with White House ahead of expected Tyre Nichols protests Politico Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Timberwolves top Memphis after moment of silence for Nichols Minnesota Public Radio Associated Press January 28 2023 Archived from the original on February 1 2023 Retrieved January 28 2023 Bekiempis Victoria January 29 2023 Systemic crisis Tyre Nichols beating fuels calls for broad police reforms The Guardian Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Cohen David January 29 2023 Time for national conversation on policing Durbin says Politico Archived from the original on January 29 2023 Retrieved January 29 2023 Parker D Zhane January 27 2023 Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation Statement on the Murder of Tyre Nichols blacklivesmatter com Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation Archived from the original on January 30 2023 Retrieved January 30 2023 Daniels Joseph June 12 2023 Natomas skate park officially renamed after Tyre Nichols KCRA Retrieved June 12 2023 External links editState of Tennessee v Tadarrius Bean Demetrius Haley Emmit Martin Desmond Mills Jr and Justin Smith Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Killing of Tyre Nichols amp oldid 1180753335 Tyre Nichols, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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