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Special Forces Command (Turkey)

January 01, 1970

The Special Forces Command (Turkish: Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı — ÖKK) is a corps of the Turkish Armed Forces, initially established as a brigade in 14 April 1992, operating directly under the Turkish General Staff.[3] [4] According to the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) dress code, the ÖKK, also known as the Bordo Bereliler, are noteworthy for their distinctive maroon berets.[5][6] Their task is to carry out special operations that exceed the capabilities of other military units.[7][8]

Special Forces Command
Turkish: Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı
Badge of the Special Forces Command
Active1992–present[1]
Country Turkey
BranchGeneral Staff
TypeSpecial forces
RoleUnconventional warfare
SizeCorps
Garrison/HQAnkara
Nickname(s)Maroon Berets
Bordo Bereliler
Motto(s)"The difficult we do immediately. The impossible takes a little longer."[2]
Beret  Maroon (claret red)
MarchAlay Marşı (Regiment March)
EngagementsKurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
Commanders
Current
commander		Major General Ömer Ertuğrul Erbakan
Notable
commanders		Engin Alan
Zekai Aksakallı

History edit

First established on 27 September 1952 as the Special and Auxiliary Combat Units, as a part of NATO's Operation Gladio, they did counterguerilla operations in North Korean territory during the Korean War.[9] In November 1953, re-established as the Mobilized Reconnaissance Board and were sent out to Cyprus for Long-range reconnaissance operations and arming and organizing the Turkish Resistance Organization.[10] On 14 December 1970, it was reorganized as the Special Warfare Department.[11] Due to the emergence of external dangers after the Gulf War and threats from the northern part of Iraq, the Special Forces Command was established as a brigade on 14 April 1992.[12] In 2006, the brigade transitioned to a division. ÖKK leadership was upgraded from major-general to lieutenant-general and the new division was split into the 1st and 2nd brigade with the expectation that the troop count would double from 7000 to 14,000 by 2009.[13] They ranked first among twenty-six special forces troops at the World Special Forces Championship held in Germany in 2004.[14]

In 1998, Turkey's special forces intercepted a warning intended for the PKK team in Iraq, infiltrated PKK operations and captured the commander of Kurdistan Democratic Party's (PKK) military forces, Şemdin Sakık.[15] In 1999, the Turkish Special Forces used technology given to them by the Netherlands to arrest Abdullah Öcalan, a founding member of the PKK, after he landed at the Nairobi airport in Kenya.[16] In 2014, after 49 consular employees were taken hostage by ISIS in Mosul, Special Forces Command carried out joint operations with MIT, the Turkish National Intelligence Organization, and rescued the hostages.[17] Special Forces Command took part in internal security operations during the 2015-2016 curfews in the Southeastern Anatolia Region,[18][19] Furthermore, on 21 February 2015 they participated in Operation Shah Euphrates to relocate the tomb of Suleyman Shah in Syria.[20] With the start of the operations in Syria against ISIS and PYD in 2016 during Operation Euphrates Shield, the Special Forces Command infiltrated the region and carried out exploration activities supported by the Free Syrian Army.[21] Special Forces Command also played a role in operations such as Operation Olive Branch,[22] Operation Claw (2019–2020),[23] Operation Peace Spring[24] and Operations Claw-Eagle and Tiger.[25]

The identities of Turkish Special Forces Command personnel are classified.[citation needed] Turkish SF Officers are battle hardened, constantly operating and are active in the war on the PKK in the southeastern border region of Turkey and northern Iraq.[26][27]

Attempted coup d'état edit

A key figure of the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt was brigadier general Semih Terzi, who was Deputy Commander of the Special Forces at the time and the highest-ranking field commander during the coup attempt. He led a team of roughly 40 special forces operatives in an attempt to secure Special Forces Headquarters and organize attacks against government agencies and the parliament. The attempt ended in failure when ÖKK Senior Sergeant major Ömer Halisdemir shot and killed Terzi, disrupting the command of the rebels.[28][29]

Organization edit

The Special Forces are not aligned to any of the three branches of the TAF. They receive orders directly from the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey.[30]

  • 1st Special Forces Brigade
  • 2nd Special Forces Brigade
  • 3rd Special Forces Brigade
  • 4th Special Forces Brigade[31]
  • 5th Special Forces Brigade[32]

Special Aviation Group edit

Special Aviation Group provides helicopter support for the Command's missions. The helicopters were modernized in 2015 and can operate at night or during the day.[33][34]

Training and recruitment edit

ÖKK recruits officers, NCOs and SNCOs almost exclusively from the Land Forces Command, Turkey's army branch. Volunteers must pass written and physical exams, and linguistic skills in at least one foreign language are beneficial toward admission.[35]

The ÖKK training period lasts around 3.5-5 years, and encompasses: unconventional warfare and various special warfare types, special operations, special reconnaissance and infiltration, covert operations, psychological warfare, underwater operation, static parachute and HALO (night and day jump), counter-terrorism in residential areas, close-quarters combat, resisting torture and interrogation techniques, ambush, raid, sabotage, escape, VIP protection, marksmanship, intelligence, languages, survival, operation in deep snow, extreme weather, bomb disposal, demolition, fire arrangement, damage detection, and TCCC.[35]

Recruits must undergo:

  • Domestic training (72 weeks)
  • International training (10 to 52 weeks, depending on rank)
  • Specialty training

After graduating from Special Operations Training, commandos are tested before they officially become Maroon Beret officers. They are expected to survive in all environmental conditions, so as part of the final testing stage teams of recruits are left in different environments for two weeks, with no equipment or help.

On the last month of training, called the "hell month", Maroon Berets receive training in interrogation and torture, and undertake a Trust Shot (Turkish: Güven Atışı) exercise. In this exercise, two members of a squad have to flank paper target boards while the third advances from 15 m (49 ft) and shoots at the targets with live ammunition. Those flanking the targets are not permitted to move or wear body armor.[36]

Equipment edit

Source:[37]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Uslu, Emrullah (10 July 2008). . Terrorism Monitor. VI (14). Jamestown Foundation: 9–11. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  2. ^ "TSK'nin gözbebeği Özel Kuvvetler". Hürriyet. 13 April 1999. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  3. ^ "Bordo Bereliler Kimdir?". 15 June 2017.
  4. ^ "Siyah ve beyaz kuvvet açıklaması". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı Tanıtım Videosu". YouTube. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021.
  6. ^ "TSK'da yeni bir dönem başladı". www.aa.com.tr.
  7. ^ "Bordo bereliler sınırda". www.sozcu.com.tr. 23 July 2015.
  8. ^ "Onlar TSK'nın bel kemiği". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  9. ^ "Genelkurmay, Siyah Kuvvetler-Beyaz Kuvvetleri anlattı".
  10. ^ "Türkiye'yi Atlantik'e bu adımlarla zincirlediler". 14 June 2023.
  11. ^ "Genelkurmay 'yok' denilen özel kuvvetleri ayrıntılarıyla anlattı". Agos. 4 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Siyah ve beyaz kuvvet açıklaması". www.aa.com.tr.
  13. ^ "Tackling the PKK: New Directions for Turkey's Special Forces". Jamestown. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  14. ^ "Bordo Bereliler'in zaferi". www.hurriyet.com.tr. 22 June 2004.
  15. ^ "'Bordo Bereliler' Diyarbakır'da". 11 September 2012.
  16. ^ "Terörist başının Kenya'da paketlenip Türkiye'ye getirilmesinin üzerinden 21 yıl geçti". www.aa.com.tr.
  17. ^ "İşte nefes kesen operasyonun perde arkası". Sabah.
  18. ^ "Bordo Bereliler Sur'da". Milliyet (in Turkish). 18 January 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  19. ^ "Sur'da Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı Timinin İçinde Bulunduğu Eski Bina Çöktü". Haberler.com (in Turkish). 19 February 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  20. ^ "Özel kuvvetler ŞAHlandı". takvim.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  21. ^ "Özel kuvvetler Suriye'de sıcak çatışmada ilk kez görüntülendi!". 27 September 2016.
  22. ^ "Afrin harekatı 58. gününde... Özel Kuvvetler ve ÖSO Afrin'de kontrolü sağladı". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 18 March 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  23. ^ "Metina'ya kara harekatı başlatıldı! Özel kuvvetler bölgeye indirildi... | GAZETE VATAN". www.gazetevatan.com. 24 April 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  24. ^ "Türk özel kuvvetleri orada! AP dünyaya geçti". Milliyet (in Turkish). 15 October 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  25. ^ "75 km genişlikteki arazide 9 odalı mağarada operasyon". www.trthaber.com (in Turkish). 14 February 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  26. ^ "Hassas bölgelere Özel Kuvvetler". 30 November 2014.
  27. ^ "Türkiye'nin de katıldığı 'Yenilmez Nöbetçi Tatbikatı' Katar'da başladı". www.trthaber.com. 8 March 2020.
  28. ^ Ankara, Dion Nissenbaum in Istanbul, Adam Entous in Washington and Emre Peker in (18 July 2016). "Turkish President Foiled Coup With Luck, Tech Savvy". Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  30. ^ . sabah.com.tr. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  31. ^ "Üç orduya kor seviyesinde atama". CNN TÜRK (in Turkish). 23 August 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  32. ^ Bordo bereliler, retrieved 23 January 2024
  33. ^ . tai.com.tr. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  34. ^ "Türkiye'nin yeni Karaşahini: T-70 Helikopteri". kokpit.aero. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  35. ^ a b "Turkey - Special Forces Command, General Staff Headquarters (Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi - O.K.K.)".
  36. ^ "TSK: Öyle bir atış şekli yok, 'güven atışı' var - Hürriyet Gündem". hurriyet.com.tr. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  37. ^ "Bordo Bereliler: The difficult we do immediately, the impossible takes a little longer". 6 October 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2021.

Further reading edit

  Media related to Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı at Wikimedia Commons

  • Lale Sariibrahimoglu, 'Live-fire exercises shine spotlight on Turkey's special forces,' Jane's Defence Weekly, 7 January 2004

January 01, 1970
special, forces, command, turkey, special, forces, command, turkish, özel, kuvvetler, komutanlığı, ökk, corps, turkish, armed, forces, initially, established, brigade, april, 1992, operating, directly, under, turkish, general, staff, according, turkish, armed,. The Special Forces Command Turkish Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi OKK is a corps of the Turkish Armed Forces initially established as a brigade in 14 April 1992 operating directly under the Turkish General Staff 3 4 According to the Turkish Armed Forces TAF dress code the OKK also known as the Bordo Bereliler are noteworthy for their distinctive maroon berets 5 6 Their task is to carry out special operations that exceed the capabilities of other military units 7 8 Special Forces CommandTurkish Ozel Kuvvetler KomutanligiBadge of the Special Forces CommandActive1992 present 1 Country TurkeyBranchGeneral StaffTypeSpecial forcesRoleUnconventional warfareSizeCorpsGarrison HQAnkaraNickname s Maroon BeretsBordo BerelilerMotto s The difficult we do immediately The impossible takes a little longer 2 Beret Maroon claret red MarchAlay Marsi Regiment March EngagementsKurdish Turkish conflict 1978 present October 1992 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq Turkish army winter campaign of 1994 1995 Operation Steel 1995 Operation Hammer 1997 Operation Dawn 1997 Operation Sun 2008 Operation Martyr Yalcin 2015 PKK Turkish conflict Operation Euphrates Shield Operation Olive Branch Operation Spring Shield Second Libyan Civil War 2020 Operation Claw LockCommandersCurrentcommanderMajor General Omer Ertugrul ErbakanNotablecommandersEngin AlanZekai Aksakalli Contents 1 History 1 1 Attempted coup d etat 2 Organization 2 1 Special Aviation Group 3 Training and recruitment 4 Equipment 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingHistory editFirst established on 27 September 1952 as the Special and Auxiliary Combat Units as a part of NATO s Operation Gladio they did counterguerilla operations in North Korean territory during the Korean War 9 In November 1953 re established as the Mobilized Reconnaissance Board and were sent out to Cyprus for Long range reconnaissance operations and arming and organizing the Turkish Resistance Organization 10 On 14 December 1970 it was reorganized as the Special Warfare Department 11 Due to the emergence of external dangers after the Gulf War and threats from the northern part of Iraq the Special Forces Command was established as a brigade on 14 April 1992 12 In 2006 the brigade transitioned to a division OKK leadership was upgraded from major general to lieutenant general and the new division was split into the 1st and 2nd brigade with the expectation that the troop count would double from 7000 to 14 000 by 2009 13 They ranked first among twenty six special forces troops at the World Special Forces Championship held in Germany in 2004 14 In 1998 Turkey s special forces intercepted a warning intended for the PKK team in Iraq infiltrated PKK operations and captured the commander of Kurdistan Democratic Party s PKK military forces Semdin Sakik 15 In 1999 the Turkish Special Forces used technology given to them by the Netherlands to arrest Abdullah Ocalan a founding member of the PKK after he landed at the Nairobi airport in Kenya 16 In 2014 after 49 consular employees were taken hostage by ISIS in Mosul Special Forces Command carried out joint operations with MIT the Turkish National Intelligence Organization and rescued the hostages 17 Special Forces Command took part in internal security operations during the 2015 2016 curfews in the Southeastern Anatolia Region 18 19 Furthermore on 21 February 2015 they participated in Operation Shah Euphrates to relocate the tomb of Suleyman Shah in Syria 20 With the start of the operations in Syria against ISIS and PYD in 2016 during Operation Euphrates Shield the Special Forces Command infiltrated the region and carried out exploration activities supported by the Free Syrian Army 21 Special Forces Command also played a role in operations such as Operation Olive Branch 22 Operation Claw 2019 2020 23 Operation Peace Spring 24 and Operations Claw Eagle and Tiger 25 The identities of Turkish Special Forces Command personnel are classified citation needed Turkish SF Officers are battle hardened constantly operating and are active in the war on the PKK in the southeastern border region of Turkey and northern Iraq 26 27 Attempted coup d etat edit A key figure of the 2016 Turkish coup d etat attempt was brigadier general Semih Terzi who was Deputy Commander of the Special Forces at the time and the highest ranking field commander during the coup attempt He led a team of roughly 40 special forces operatives in an attempt to secure Special Forces Headquarters and organize attacks against government agencies and the parliament The attempt ended in failure when OKK Senior Sergeant major Omer Halisdemir shot and killed Terzi disrupting the command of the rebels 28 29 Organization editThe Special Forces are not aligned to any of the three branches of the TAF They receive orders directly from the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey 30 1st Special Forces Brigade 2nd Special Forces Brigade 3rd Special Forces Brigade 4th Special Forces Brigade 31 5th Special Forces Brigade 32 Special Aviation Group edit Special Aviation Group provides helicopter support for the Command s missions The helicopters were modernized in 2015 and can operate at night or during the day 33 34 Training and recruitment editOKK recruits officers NCOs and SNCOs almost exclusively from the Land Forces Command Turkey s army branch Volunteers must pass written and physical exams and linguistic skills in at least one foreign language are beneficial toward admission 35 The OKK training period lasts around 3 5 5 years and encompasses unconventional warfare and various special warfare types special operations special reconnaissance and infiltration covert operations psychological warfare underwater operation static parachute and HALO night and day jump counter terrorism in residential areas close quarters combat resisting torture and interrogation techniques ambush raid sabotage escape VIP protection marksmanship intelligence languages survival operation in deep snow extreme weather bomb disposal demolition fire arrangement damage detection and TCCC 35 Recruits must undergo Domestic training 72 weeks International training 10 to 52 weeks depending on rank Specialty training After graduating from Special Operations Training commandos are tested before they officially become Maroon Beret officers They are expected to survive in all environmental conditions so as part of the final testing stage teams of recruits are left in different environments for two weeks with no equipment or help On the last month of training called the hell month Maroon Berets receive training in interrogation and torture and undertake a Trust Shot Turkish Guven Atisi exercise In this exercise two members of a squad have to flank paper target boards while the third advances from 15 m 49 ft and shoots at the targets with live ammunition Those flanking the targets are not permitted to move or wear body armor 36 Equipment editMaroon Berets Pistols HK USP SIG P226 SIG P229 Sarsilmaz Kilinc 2000 Mega Sarsilmaz Kilinc 2000 Light Glock 17 Glock 19 Shotguns Benelli M4 Super 90 Assault rifles CAR 15 Heckler amp Koch HK416 M4A1 IWI Tavor TAR 21 Submachine guns HK MP5 MP7A1 FN P90 Sniper rifles KNT 308 Sako TRG CheyTac Intervention Barrett M82 Accuracy International Arctic Warfare MKEK JNG 90 M110 McMillan Tac 50 Remington MSR amp Accuracy International AX50 KNT 76 Source 37 See also editList of military special forces unitsReferences edit Uslu Emrullah 10 July 2008 Tackling the PKK New Directions for Turkey s Special Forces Terrorism Monitor VI 14 Jamestown Foundation 9 11 Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 TSK nin gozbebegi Ozel Kuvvetler Hurriyet 13 April 1999 Retrieved 16 April 2020 Bordo Bereliler Kimdir 15 June 2017 Siyah ve beyaz kuvvet aciklamasi www aa com tr Retrieved 15 August 2022 Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi Tanitim Videosu YouTube Archived from the original on 18 December 2021 TSK da yeni bir donem basladi www aa com tr Bordo bereliler sinirda www sozcu com tr 23 July 2015 Onlar TSK nin bel kemigi Sabah in Turkish Retrieved 19 June 2023 Genelkurmay Siyah Kuvvetler Beyaz Kuvvetleri anlatti Turkiye yi Atlantik e bu adimlarla zincirlediler 14 June 2023 Genelkurmay yok denilen ozel kuvvetleri ayrintilariyla anlatti Agos 4 March 2013 Siyah ve beyaz kuvvet aciklamasi www aa com tr Tackling the PKK New Directions for Turkey s Special Forces Jamestown Retrieved 15 August 2022 Bordo Bereliler in zaferi www hurriyet com tr 22 June 2004 Bordo Bereliler Diyarbakir da 11 September 2012 Terorist basinin Kenya da paketlenip Turkiye ye getirilmesinin uzerinden 21 yil gecti www aa com tr Iste nefes kesen operasyonun perde arkasi Sabah Bordo Bereliler Sur da Milliyet in Turkish 18 January 2016 Retrieved 11 June 2021 Sur da Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi Timinin Icinde Bulundugu Eski Bina Coktu Haberler com in Turkish 19 February 2016 Retrieved 11 June 2021 Ozel kuvvetler SAHlandi takvim com tr in Turkish Retrieved 11 June 2021 Ozel kuvvetler Suriye de sicak catismada ilk kez goruntulendi 27 September 2016 Afrin harekati 58 gununde Ozel Kuvvetler ve OSO Afrin de kontrolu sagladi www cumhuriyet com tr in Turkish 18 March 2018 Retrieved 11 June 2021 Metina ya kara harekati baslatildi Ozel kuvvetler bolgeye indirildi GAZETE VATAN www gazetevatan com 24 April 2021 Retrieved 11 June 2021 Turk ozel kuvvetleri orada AP dunyaya gecti Milliyet in Turkish 15 October 2019 Retrieved 11 June 2021 75 km genislikteki arazide 9 odali magarada operasyon www trthaber com in Turkish 14 February 2021 Retrieved 11 June 2021 Hassas bolgelere Ozel Kuvvetler 30 November 2014 Turkiye nin de katildigi Yenilmez Nobetci Tatbikati Katar da basladi www trthaber com 8 March 2020 Ankara Dion Nissenbaum in Istanbul Adam Entous in Washington and Emre Peker in 18 July 2016 Turkish President Foiled Coup With Luck Tech Savvy Wall Street Journal via www wsj com a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Trial begins for murder of Turkish commando who stopped coup attempt Archived from the original on 2 February 2018 Retrieved 1 February 2018 Onlar TSK nin bel kemigi Sayfa 8 Sabah Fotohaber Gundem 05 Eylul 2015 Cumartesi sabah com tr Archived from the original on 6 October 2015 Retrieved 5 September 2015 Uc orduya kor seviyesinde atama CNN TURK in Turkish 23 August 2019 Retrieved 19 June 2023 Bordo bereliler retrieved 23 January 2024 HELICOPTER AVIONICS MODERNIZATION Turkish Aerospace Industries Inc tai com tr Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 5 September 2015 Turkiye nin yeni Karasahini T 70 Helikopteri kokpit aero Retrieved 5 September 2015 a b Turkey Special Forces Command General Staff Headquarters Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi O K K TSK Oyle bir atis sekli yok guven atisi var Hurriyet Gundem hurriyet com tr 17 February 2011 Retrieved 5 September 2015 Bordo Bereliler The difficult we do immediately the impossible takes a little longer 6 October 2012 Retrieved 11 June 2021 Further reading edit nbsp Media related to Ozel Kuvvetler Komutanligi at Wikimedia Commons Lale Sariibrahimoglu Live fire exercises shine spotlight on Turkey s special forces Jane s Defence Weekly 7 January 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Special Forces Command Turkey amp oldid 1215703020, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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