Tuanshan (Chinese: 團扇; pinyin: tuánshàn; lit. 'circular fan'), also called gongshan (lit. 'palace fan'),[1]bian mian (pien mien),[2]: 203, 206 fan of reunion, are typically silk rigid hand fan which originated in China; they are typically circular or oval in shape.[3][4]: 5 [2]: 206 Up to the Song dynasty, the tuanshan appears to have the most common types of the fans in China.[3] These types of fans were mostly used by women in the Tang dynasty.[5]Tuanshan with Chinese paintings and with calligraphy became very popular by the Song dynasty[4]: 8, 12–16 among court circles and artists[1] and even continued to be in use even by the end of the 19th century.[2]: 206 The tuanshan was also used as part of the traditional Chinese wedding and was part of the ceremonial wedding rite.[6] They continue to be produced and sold in present-day China and has become a common form of accessory in Hanfu.[7]
The tuanshan was also introduced in other countries, such as Japan.[5] The tuanshan also remained mainstream in China even after the growing popularity of the folding fans which originated in Japan.[4]: 8, 12–16
The tuanshan originated in China, its prototype was round silk fan which was developed in the Eastern Han dynasty which was itself developed based on the earlier Chinese fans design.[8]
Cultural significanceedit
Fans play a significant aspect in Chinese culture and Chinese life regarding of social identities and ranks,[1] having functional usage such as cooling and facilitates air circulation and was used as a sartorial accessory and held an important ceremonial use.[3][9] Over time, the Chinese fans have evolved in a cultural artifacts which reflects and incorporate the essence of Chinese folklore culture.[1]
Weddingedit
Chinese brides also used a type of moon-shaped tuanshan in traditional Chinese wedding called queshan.[6] The ceremonial rite of queshan was an important ceremony in Chinese wedding: the bride would hold it in front of her face to hide her shyness, to remain mysterious, and as a way to exorcise evil spirits.[6] After all the other wedding ceremonies were completed, such as drinking the hejin wine, and after the groom had impressed the bride (e.g. reciting poems), the bride would then proceed in revealing her face to the groom by removing the queshan from her face.[6][8] This ceremonial rite is referred as Etiquette of removing fan; the performance of such rite can be traced back to the Tang dynasty and continued in the Song dynasty.[8]
The tuanshan is composed of a handle or stick with a rigid mount like a frame and a fabric whose shape will conform to the desired shape of the tuanshan.[3][10]: 256 Traditionally, they were made of bamboo or ivory with silk fabric, which would stretch across the rigid frame.[2]: 206 It could be decorated with Chinese embroideries or Chinese paintings.[2]: 206
Hanfu enthusiasts in shenyi holding oblong-shaped tuanshan
^ abcd"Chinese Fan — History, Tradition, and Culture | ChinaFetching". ChinaFetching.com. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
^"汉服那些事儿——汉服配饰知多少_腾讯新闻". new.qq.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-09-01.
^ abcPeng, Jing; Ruan, Tianhua (2019). "The application of fan culture in environmental design" (PDF). 2019 International Conference on Management, Finance and Social Sciences Research (MFSSR 2019). Francis Academic Press, UK: 163–169. doi:10.25236/mfssr.2019.036 (inactive 31 January 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
^"Ethereal beauty - National Museum in Krakow". mnk.pl. Retrieved 2022-08-20.
tuanshan, chinese, 團扇, pinyin, tuánshàn, circular, also, called, gongshan, palace, bian, mian, pien, mien, reunion, typically, silk, rigid, hand, which, originated, china, they, typically, circular, oval, shape, song, dynasty, tuanshan, appears, have, most, co. Tuanshan Chinese 團扇 pinyin tuanshan lit circular fan also called gongshan lit palace fan 1 bian mian pien mien 2 203 206 fan of reunion are typically silk rigid hand fan which originated in China they are typically circular or oval in shape 3 4 5 2 206 Up to the Song dynasty the tuanshan appears to have the most common types of the fans in China 3 These types of fans were mostly used by women in the Tang dynasty 5 Tuanshan with Chinese paintings and with calligraphy became very popular by the Song dynasty 4 8 12 16 among court circles and artists 1 and even continued to be in use even by the end of the 19th century 2 206 The tuanshan was also used as part of the traditional Chinese wedding and was part of the ceremonial wedding rite 6 They continue to be produced and sold in present day China and has become a common form of accessory in Hanfu 7 TuanshanTypeCircular rigid Hand fanMaterialSilkPlace of originChinaIntroducedJapanTuanshanChinese nameTraditional Chinese團 扇Literal meaningCircular fanTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinTuanshanEnglish nameEnglish Chinese rigid fan Pien mienThe tuanshan was also introduced in other countries such as Japan 5 The tuanshan also remained mainstream in China even after the growing popularity of the folding fans which originated in Japan 4 8 12 16 Contents 1 Origins 2 Cultural significance 2 1 Wedding 3 Design and construction 4 See also 5 Gallery 6 Notes 7 ReferencesOrigins editThe tuanshan originated in China its prototype was round silk fan which was developed in the Eastern Han dynasty which was itself developed based on the earlier Chinese fans design 8 Cultural significance editFans play a significant aspect in Chinese culture and Chinese life regarding of social identities and ranks 1 having functional usage such as cooling and facilitates air circulation and was used as a sartorial accessory and held an important ceremonial use 3 9 Over time the Chinese fans have evolved in a cultural artifacts which reflects and incorporate the essence of Chinese folklore culture 1 Wedding edit Chinese brides also used a type of moon shaped tuanshan in traditional Chinese wedding called queshan 6 The ceremonial rite of queshan was an important ceremony in Chinese wedding the bride would hold it in front of her face to hide her shyness to remain mysterious and as a way to exorcise evil spirits 6 After all the other wedding ceremonies were completed such as drinking the hejin wine and after the groom had impressed the bride e g reciting poems the bride would then proceed in revealing her face to the groom by removing the queshan from her face 6 8 This ceremonial rite is referred as Etiquette of removing fan the performance of such rite can be traced back to the Tang dynasty and continued in the Song dynasty 8 Design and construction editSee also Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothingThe tuanshan is composed of a handle or stick with a rigid mount like a frame and a fabric whose shape will conform to the desired shape of the tuanshan 3 10 256 Traditionally they were made of bamboo or ivory with silk fabric which would stretch across the rigid frame 2 206 It could be decorated with Chinese embroideries or Chinese paintings 2 206 nbsp Hanfu enthusiasts in shenyi holding oblong shaped tuanshan nbsp Hanfu enthusiasts holding round shaped tuanshanSee also editHanfu accessories Traditional Chinese wedding dress Hand fanGallery edit nbsp A woman holding a flat oval fan with a Chinese painting from the painting Appreciating Plums by Chen Hongshou 1598 1652 nbsp An hexagonal rigid fan with a Chinese painting of a cat and a calligraphy late Qing dynasty Notes editReferences edit a b c d Chinese Fan Once a Symbol of Literati and Social Status 中国东盟传媒网 www china asean media com Retrieved 2022 08 20 a b c d e Garrett Valery 2012 Chinese Dress From the Qing Dynasty to the Present New York Tuttle Pub ISBN 978 1 4629 0694 9 OCLC 794664023 a b c d Chinese Fans Chinese Art Gallery China Online Museum www chinaonlinemuseum com Retrieved 2021 03 28 a b c Qian Gonglin 2004 Chinese fans artistry and aesthetics 1st ed San Francisco Long River Press ISBN 1 59265 020 1 OCLC 52979000 a b A Brief Introduction to Hanfu s Fans Culture 2021 www newhanfu com 2019 06 04 Retrieved 2021 03 28 a b c d Chinese Fan History Tradition and Culture ChinaFetching ChinaFetching com Retrieved 2022 08 19 汉服那些事儿 汉服配饰知多少 腾讯新闻 new qq com in Chinese Retrieved 2022 09 01 a b c Peng Jing Ruan Tianhua 2019 The application of fan culture in environmental design PDF 2019 International Conference on Management Finance and Social Sciences Research MFSSR 2019 Francis Academic Press UK 163 169 doi 10 25236 mfssr 2019 036 inactive 31 January 2024 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint DOI inactive as of January 2024 link Ethereal beauty National Museum in Krakow mnk pl Retrieved 2022 08 20 Weilin Yuan 2017 Silk ribbon embroidery Chinese style an illustrated stitch guide Shanghai ISBN 978 1 938368 73 8 OCLC 1281183954 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tuanshan amp oldid 1209843007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
