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2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

February 14, 2023

The 2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above-average season in tropical cyclone and subtropical cyclone formation west of 90°E. The season officially began on 15 November, however, the formation of the first system—Zone of Disturbed Weather 01—occurred on 22 July 2019, well before the official start of the season. This was the earliest start to a season since the 2016–17 season. The season then officially ended on 30 April 2020, with the exception of Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it officially ended on 15 May 2020. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in Réunion.

2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed22 July 2019
Last system dissipated16 April 2020
Strongest storm
NameAmbali
 • Maximum winds220 km/h (140 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure930 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total disturbances12
Total depressions11
Total storms10
Tropical cyclones6
Intense tropical cyclones4
Very intense tropical cyclones1
Total fatalities46 total
Total damage> $25 million (2020 USD)
Related articles
South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons
2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22

For the second consecutive year in a row, the first system formed before the official start of the season. Afterwards, three storms formed in the month of December: Tropical Cyclone Belna on 2 December, which brought flooding and strong wind to northwestern Madagascar, Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Ambali, which formed a day later and became the first very intense tropical cyclone in the basin since Fantala in 2016, and Tropical Cyclone Calvinia which stalled near Mauritius and brought heavy rain and moderate flooding to the island nation towards the end of the month, crossing into 2020. The rest of the year would remain quite weak until Intense Tropical Cyclone Herold formed in March, becoming the first major cyclone of 2020. Just weeks after, Intense Tropical Cyclone Irondro in April would become the third intense tropical cyclone of the season. The season would later conclude with the dissipation of Moderate Tropical Storm Jeruto on 16 April. The season had little impact on land with the fact that all storms that formed with the exception of Belna, Diane and Francisco did not make any direct impacts on land and stayed out to sea.

Seasonal forecasts

The season began with one of the strongest positive phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in the past 40 years. Météo-France Réunion expected that the positive anomalies would decay slowly throughout austral summer, having a prominent impact on the cyclone season through mid-February. As a result, storm activity was not forecast to begin until December—the month in which the monsoonal flow becomes established in the western half of the basin (the dry conditions in the central and eastern Indian Ocean induced by the IOD would prevent typical early-season storms). With warm and wet conditions expected in the western Indian Ocean, cyclone formation was expected to be enhanced west of 70°E.[1]

A near-average eight to eleven storms were expected throughout the course of the season, with the possibility of a higher than average number of these attaining Tropical Cyclone strength with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) or greater as a result of favorable upper-level divergence in the western region of the basin. Activity was expected to be focused west of the Chagos Archipelago, presenting an increased threat to land. A wide range of track types and motions were expected, although predominantly southerly storm motion were expected to be favored.[1]

In November, the Mauritius Meteorological Services forecasted eight to ten named storms and emphasized that storm formation would be more likely west of Diego Garcia.[2]

Seasonal summary

Cyclone HeroldCyclone BelnaTropical cyclone scales#Comparisons across basins

On 22 July, Zone of Disturbed Weather 01 formed and started the cyclone season. The disturbance failed to organise into a tropical depression and dissipated on 25 July.

Tropical activity came to a halt until 2 December when Tropical Disturbance 02 formed. A day later, Tropical Depression 03 formed and was later named Ambali. On 5 December, Tropical Storm Ambali rapidly intensified, becoming the first very intense tropical cyclone since Fantala in 2016. Tropical Disturbance 02 then became Belna, and Belna continued to intensify into a Severe Tropical Storm. Belna then intensified into a cyclone, equivalent to a category 3 hurricane before making landfall in northwestern Madagascar as a category 2 hurricane-equivalent storm, leaving significant damages and 9 deaths. In late December, tropical storm Calvinia formed. It persisted into 2020. Activity was quiet for three weeks. On 19 January, a tropical depression formed, but soon dissipated without being named.

Two tropical storms formed in late January, Diane and Esami. They also both dissipated without reaching tropical cyclone status. In early February, another tropical depression formed. It eventually intensified into a tropical storm and was named Francisco. Francisco degenerated into a remnant low several days after formation. In mid-February, the storm regenerated into a tropical depression. At the same time, another disturbance formed, and would strengthen into Tropical Storm Gabekile. It wasn't long until Gabekile strengthened into a tropical cyclone. However, it quickly weakened. By 19 February, Gabekile had dissipated. Nearly a month later, Moderate Tropical Storm Herold formed. On 14 March, Herold strengthened into a severe tropical storm. Herold then rapidly intensified to become the season's 2nd Intense Tropical Cyclone. Shortly after, it rapidly weakened as it moved southwards before dissipating. In early April, Moderate tropical storm Irondro formed. Irondro was also an intense tropical cyclone, but it dissipated some time later, on 6 April. A tropical low crossed over on 12 April, and was named Jeruto. However, Jeruto rapidly entered unfavorable conditions, and quickly dissipated on 16 April.

Systems

Zone of Disturbed Weather 01

Zone of disturbed weather (MFR)
   
Duration22 July – 25 July
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min) 1001 hPa (mbar)

In mid-July, a broad wind circulation developed over the central Indian Ocean, accompanied by deep convection. Some computer models suggested the possibility of a southern segment of this system organising into a tropical cyclone; Météo-France (MFR) initially estimated a "very low" chance of a moderate tropical storm materialising from the large circulation near Diego Garcia.[3] Due to strong wind shear, the environment remained unfavourable for tropical development.[4] On 22 July, Météo-France began monitoring the system as a zone of disturbed weather; the system's forward motion was initially southward.[5] A temporary decrease in wind shear on 23 July provided a brief period conducive for tropical development,[6] and the system strengthened to its peak winds of 45 km/h (30 mph) that day.[5] However, the disturbance's centre of circulation remained ill-defined and lacking showers and thunderstorms.[7] Although the disturbance was forecast to initially strengthen into a tropical storm,[7] an increase in wind shear prevented the storm from consolidating further about the centre of circulation and caused the overall wind field to disorganise.[8][9] The system curved towards the west on 24 July and eventually degenerated into a remnant circulation northeast of Rodrigues by the 25 July;[5] these remnants persisted for another day before dissipating entirely.[10][11]

Tropical Cyclone Belna

Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
Duration2 December – 11 December
Peak intensity155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min) 965 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Belna

Météo-France began highlighting the potential for tropical cyclone development in their daily bulletins on 25 November, noting an increase in shower activity west of the Seychelles.[12] Aided by the passage of a Kelvin wave and a favourable window in the Madden–Julian oscillation, a broad trough of low pressure began to take shape within the storm activity, extending across the equator.[13][14] Projections from computer models remained in disagreement over the system's future, complicated by the concurrent development of a tropical disturbance in the northwestern Indian Ocean along the same trough.[14] A loosely-defined wind circulation was detected 263 km (163 mi) south of Mahe, Seychelles on 29 November, offset from convection.[15] Over the following days, this circulation tightened within an environment moderately conducive for tropical development.[16][17] Météo-France declared the system as a zone of disturbed weather on 2 December; at the time the system had drifted west from its point of origin.[18] Although the storm was better organised and the environment conducive for intensification, the storm's wind field initially remained elongated and rainfall remained north of the storm's centre.[19][20][21] The disturbance become a tropical depression on 5 December, attended by an increase in rainbands and the return of convection at the center of circulation;[22][23] at 18:00 UTC that day, the system was upgraded to Moderate Tropical Storm Belna. Belna was upgraded further to severe tropical storm status early on 6 December.[18] Around the same time, a cloud-obscured eye briefly became apparent in microwave satellite imagery. Due to a strengthening area of high pressure to its east, Belna began to curve from its initial westward drift to a more directed southwestward trajectory.[24] After a brief period of strengthening,[18] Belna's central dense overcast remained largely unchanged throughout 6 December before signs of resumed intensification emerged by the day's end, followed by the development of another eye.[25][26][27] With the storm's eye becoming better defined, MFR upgraded Belna to a tropical cyclone early on 7 December. Hot towers were detected atop and within the storm's radius of maximum winds, suggesting the onset of a more accelerated rate of intensification.[28] On 9 December, Belna made landfall near Mayotte and soon began to rapidly weaken, with the winds dropping below tropical-storm-force on the next day. The system dissipated late on 11 December over Haute Matsiatra.[18]

Météo Madagascar first issued green alerts for the Madagascan districts of Diana, Sava, and Sofia on 4 December based on a high probability of Belna impacting northeastern Madagascar. Accordingly, cyclone response measures were activated by the National Office for Risk and Disaster Management and humanitarian organisations across northern Madagascar.[29] Green alerts were later extended to encompass five districts.[30] A cyclone pre-alert was issued for Mayotte on 6 December,[31] succeeded by an orange alert the following day.[32] Civil security personnel from mainland France and Reunion, some from the National Gendarmerie, were sent to Mayotte to aid storm preparation efforts there.[33][34] Shelters were opened in several Mayotte communes on 7 December.[35] The National Office for Risk and Disaster Management and 11 humanitarian agencies were active in northern Madagascar by 9 December.[29][36] Belna's effects in Mayotte were minimal as the storm passed 100 km (62 mi) to the east.[37] The worst effects of Belna in Madagascar occurred in Soalala, where the storm made landfall.[38] The roofs of 80% of residences and government buildings in the city were damaged by Belna's winds. Damage to homes displaced 1,400 people in Soalala and another 900 throughout Madagascar.[39] Extensive flooding also affected both Soalala and Antsiranana.[40][41] Belna's impacts in Madagascar killed nine people and caused at least US$25 million in economic losses.[42]

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Ambali

Very intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
Duration3 December – 7 December
Peak intensity220 km/h (140 mph) (10-min) 930 hPa (mbar)

While Belna was gradually developing out of an extended trough of low pressure, another area of convection formed along the same trough between the Seychelles and the Chagos Archipelago in early December.[43] The system organised quickly, attaining formative rainbands around a coalescing centre of circulation on 3 December.[44] At 06:00 UTC, the system was classified as a Zone of Disturbed Weather. A day later, the system was upgraded to a tropical depression following a significant increase in convection near its centre.[45][46] Steered by a high-pressure area centred over the southern Indian Ocean, the tropical depression moved south.[47] The quick organisation continued into 5 December, and MFR named the system Moderate Tropical Storm Ambali as a central dense overcast emerged;[48] Ambali intensified into a Severe Tropical Storm a few hours later.[45] Buoyed by a highly favourable environment with waters between 29–30 °C (84–86 °F), explosive intensification ensued, accompanied by the formation of an eye.[49][50] At 18:00 UTC on 5 December, MFR upgraded Ambali to intense tropical cyclone status following a sharp 80 km/h (50 mph) increase in the storm's winds in 12 hours.[45] The cyclone was highly compact, with a distinct eye 15 km (9 mi) in diameter surrounded by cold cloud tops.[51][52]

Six hours later, Ambali was reclassified as a very intense tropical cyclone,[45] the highest rating on the MFR's intensity scale and the first in the basin since Fantala in 2016.[53][54] The agency estimated maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph) and a minimum pressure of 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg);[45] concurrently, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assessed peak 1-minute sustained winds of 250 km/h (155 mph), equivalent to a high-end Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). However, in post-season reanalysis, the JTWC reassessed the system as slightly stronger, peaking with 1-min sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph), a low-end Category 5-equivalent cyclone (SSHWS). The cyclone's eye had contracted further to a diameter of 9 km (5 mi) early on 6 December at the time of peak intensity.[55] Based on JTWC data, Ambali's winds increased by 185 km/h (115 mph) in 24 hours, marking the fastest 24-hour intensification recorded in the Southern Hemisphere since 1980 and topping the old record set by Cyclone Ernie in 2017, and the second-fastest globally, after only Hurricane Patricia.[56][57] A gradual weakening trend soon succeeded the rapid intensification episode as indicated by a clouding-over of the small eye.[55] Within a few hours of Ambali's peak strength, the eye was no longer apparent on infrared satellite imagery; dry air became wrapped close to the core of the cyclone's compact circulation.[58] Impaired further by an increase in wind shear,[59][60] Ambali's strength quickly diminished throughout 6 December, and by the following day, its winds fell below tropical cyclone thresholds.[45] Despite otherwise inhibiting environmental factors, the eye reappeared for a two-hour period before fully succumbing to the dry air and 55 km/h (35 mph) wind shear.[61] Rapid weakening soon proceeded, and by mid-day on 7 December, the storm's coldest cloud tops were displaced east of the center of circulation; Ambali's motion also became erratic as winds in the lower levels of the troposphere began to govern its track.[62] On 8 December, Ambali degenerated to a remnant low and MFR issued their last advisory on the dissipating system.[63]

Tropical Cyclone Calvinia

Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
Duration27 December – 1 January
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min) 970 hPa (mbar)

The origin of Calvinia can be traced back to an area of persistent showers and thunderstorms southwest of Diego Garcia first noted by the JTWC on 16 December. The system featured a loosely-defined circulation upon designation, but computer models indicated that tropical cyclogenesis intermediately was unlikely.[64] The storm complex drifted southward over the next two days,[65] and an increase in organisation briefly prompted the issuance of a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on 18 December before an increase in wind shear cut development of the system short, leading to alert's cancellation despite the system producing storm-force winds.[66][67] The system then slowly curved to the west towards Madagascar,[68][69] eventually moving into a much more favorable environment enhanced by a passing Kelvin wave by 25 December.[70][71] Two days later, MFR designated the system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather;[72] the disturbance was initially broad and had two areas of rotation.[73] The next day, MFR upgraded the system to a Tropical Depression while the JTWC issued a second TCFA.[72][74] Tracking southward, the depression strengthened and became a Moderate Tropical Storm on 29 December, gaining the name Calvinia.[75][76]

Dry air and wind shear afflicted the nascent storm early in its development, limiting convection to the southern half of Calvinia's circulation.[76][77] The storm remained asymmetric but showed signs of improvement on 29 December as the environment became more favourable for intensification, with rainbands redeveloping near the center of the storm. Concurrently, Calvinia turned towards the southwest and slowed down as it neared Mauritius.[78] The next morning, a small eye emerged within the quasi-stationary Calvinia on radar imagery from the Mascarene Islands, allowing the MFR to upgrade Calvinia to a Severe Tropical Storm that day.[79] The eye was later evident on satellite imagery, indicative of continued intensification.[80] After the eye had collapsed yet again, an area of high pressure to Calvinia's southeast then began to steer the storm slowly towards the south and away from the Mascarene Islands on 30 December.[81] Shortly after it began to track away from Mauritius, the storm intensified further into a Category 1 hurricane-equivalent storm and another eye began to appear on satellite imagery on 31 December. Shortly after, the MFR also upgraded Calvinia to a tropical cyclone.[82] Not too long after intensifying, the storm accelerated southwestwards and significantly weakened on 1 January. As a result, the MFR issued their final advisory on the system as it turned extratropical.[83]

All the three major Mascarene Islands were placed under a pre-cyclonic alert on 29 December.[84] Mauritius Meteorological Services issued a class III warning for Mauritius on 29 December, indicating the forecast onset of 120 km/h (75 mph) wind gusts.[85][86] Several key services in Mauritius were closed ahead of Calvinia's approach, including Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport and the Port Louis Harbour amid the country's peak tourism season, effectively suspending external trade with Mauritius.[85][87] The Stock Exchange of Mauritius suspended operations, and most other shops and businesses in Port Louis also closed.[87] Air Mauritius postponed all of its flights indefinitely.[85] Evacuation shelters on Mauritius housed 298 refugees during the storm,[88] with a total of 168 shelters opened.[89] The centre of Calvinia was 60 km (37 mi) from Mauritius at its closest approach on 31 December.[90] Stormy conditions prevailed on the island, causing flooding in some areas.[84] Power outages affected 6,000 families in Union Vale and Ferney.[89] Rains from Calvinia caused flooding in southern Réunion, blocking roads in Saint Louis and L'Étang-Salé.[91] The storm also caused minor damage on the island, knocking down trees and power lines. Water utility company Sudéau reported several incidents to its water distribution systems during the storm. A 325 mm (12.8 in)-rainfall total was recorded in Dimitile, while a peak wind gust of 122 km/h (76 mph) was measured in Plaine des Cafres.[90]

Tropical Depression 05

Tropical depression (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
Duration19 January – 23 January
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min) 999 hPa (mbar)

In mid-January 2020, a monsoon trough began to produce persistent convection over the southwestern Indian Ocean near the Chagos Archipelago.[92][93] An elongated wind circulation slowly developed within this aggregation of storms moving towards the southeast.[94][95] MFR classified the system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 19 January and initiated advisories two days later.[96] Due to strong wind shear and low-level convergence, conditions were unfavourable for substantial intensification.[97] Strong convective bursts occurred in response to an attenuation of wind shear,[98] leading the MFR to reclassify the system to a Tropical Disturbance on 22 January;[96] nonetheless, the system remained generally disorganised as the center of circulation remained near the edge of the associated shower activity.[98][99] The JTWC classified the asymmetric disturbance, now 1,315 km (817 mi) east of Mauritius, as a tropical storm later that day.[100] On 23 January, the MFR upgraded the system to a tropical depression as convection continued to strengthen further in tandem with the diminishing of vertical wind shear;[96][101] however, this period of strengthening was cut short by the storm's trajectory towards the subtropical jet stream.[102] Coupled with a return of wind shear and cooling sea surface temperatures, shower activity associated with the storm quickly diminished; both the MFR and JTWC issued their final advisories on the storm on 23 January.[103][104]

Severe Tropical Storm Diane

Severe tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
Duration22 January – 26 January
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min) 990 hPa (mbar)

As early as 11 January, long-range ensemble forecast guidance from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts suggested the possibility of a storm forming over the Mozambique Channel.[92] A low-pressure area eventually formed over southern Africa by 18 January, and was forecast by the MFR to develop within the channel as part of a complex series of developing low-pressure minima along a monsoon trough extending across Madagascar.[95][105] A centre of circulation of monsoonal character began to develop on 22 January between Juan de Nova Island and the western Malagasy coast, prompting the MFR to designate the system as Zone of Disturbed Weather 06.[106] The incipient disturbance tracked eastward across Madagascar, maintaining a corridor of strong winds.[107] By the afternoon of 23 January, the centre of the system emerged over the Indian Ocean.[108] The system then began to slowly consolidate with the aid of warm ocean waters, with the MFR upgrading it to a tropical depression on 24 January. The presence of a trough to the south and an equatorial ridge to the north produced a westerly flow in the region, resulting in an unusual eastward track towards the Mascarene Islands.[109] Based on satellite analysis and scatterometer data, the depression strengthened further near Mauritius to a Moderate Tropical Storm by 18:00 UTC on 24 January and received the name Diane.[110] The centre of Diane tracked 30 km (19 mi) north of Mauritius roughly three hours later.[111] Diane's southeasterly motion lessened the inhibitory effects of wind shear, allowing the storm to intensify as indicated by improved convection on the storm's southern side.[112] Deep convection around the central dense overcast remained persistent, and as a result MFR upgraded Diane to Severe Tropical Storm status on 26 January.[113] Diane continued southeast throughout the day, and a combination of wind shear and interaction with a baroclinic zone caused Diane to begin losing tropical characteristics. Much of Diane's convection eventually diminished, and Diane was reported to have fully lost its tropical characteristics later on 26 January, leading MFR to issue its final tropical advisories on the system.[114] The extratropical remnants of Diane continued to persist for an additional two days, curving towards the southwest before MFR issued its last bulletin on the system on 28 January.[115][114]

Diane's precursor disturbance worsened flood conditions in Madagascar, producing heavy rainfall; 129 mm (5.1 in) of rain fell in Antsohihy amid widespread rainfall totals of 50 mm (2.0 in).[116] Effects were most prevalent in seven districts in northern Madagascar, where nearly 107,000 people were affected. Thousands of hectares of land and more than 10,600 homes were inundated by floodwaters;[117][118] of the homes, 146 were destroyed.[117] Thirty-one people were killed, primarily by drowning, according to the Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes.[117][118] The Malagasy government declared a state of emergency for Madagascar on 24 January.[117] A yellow cyclone pre-alert was issued by MFR for Reunion on 23 January, eventually superseded by an orange pre-alert.[119][120] The University of Reunion Island closed all of its campuses ahead of Diane.[120] Southern parts of Reunion were most heavily affected by Diane's rainfall. In Les Makes, 460 mm (18 in) of rain was recorded.[121] Several rafts at river crossings were flooded, truncating roads.[122] A level 3 alert was issued for Mauritius and a level 1 alert for Rodrigues on 24 January;[123] these alerts were lifted the next day.[124] In Mauritius, 1,121 people sought refuge in 23 evacuation centres.[125] Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport closed for 19 hours as Diane passed to the north.[126] Flights to Rodrigues were cancelled on 25 January.[124]

Moderate Tropical Storm Esami

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
Duration23 January – 26 January
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min) 990 hPa (mbar)

Beginning on 16 January, MFR began to note the potential of a disturbance forming east of Madagascar during the same active period that would eventually spawn both Tropical Depression 05 and Moderate Tropical Storm Diane.[127][128] A convergence zone had persisted over the region and was expected to evolve into a monsoon trough from which tropical cyclones could develop.[129] On 22 January, a low-pressure area with multiple circulation centres developed near the Mascarene Islands between the weakening Tropical Depression 05 and then-Tropical Disturbance 06 (which would later become Moderate Tropical Storm Diane).[106][130] The MFR did not forecast tropical cyclogenesis at the time due to the presence of unfavourable atmospheric conditions.[106] However, a more well-defined circulation quickly took hold with an associated curved rainband appearing on the system, leading MFR to designate the system as Tropical Disturbance 07 between Mauritius and Rodrigues on 23 January.[130][131] Due to westerly flow in the mid-troposphere, the newly classified disturbance took an east-southeasterly course. Though the storm's convection was variable, wind shear limited convection to the northern quadrants of the circulation.[132] The disturbance was upgraded to a Tropical Depression based on scatterometer data later that day.[132]

It continued to intensify, developing a quickly evolving and compact area of central overcast,[133] receiving the name Esami as it intensified into a Moderate Tropical Storm on 25 January.[134] Dry air and wind shear generated by the nearby Moderate Tropical Storm Diane to the storm's west resulted in Esami maintaining a lopsided appearance with the strongest winds and convection limited to the eastern part of the wind circulation.[135] This dry air was later entrained to the centre of Esami, exposing the center of circulation and displacing convection from it.[136] According to MFR, Esami's 10-minute maximum sustained winds topped out at 75 km/h (45 mph) early on 25 January.[131] The passage of a trough to Esami's south drew the storm increasingly poleward, causing its track to curve towards the south-southeast.[137] On 26 January, Esami began to interact with a baroclinic zone associated with the subtropical jet stream, causing Esami to lose its tropical characteristics. At 12:00 UTC that day, MFR re-classified Esami as a post-tropical depression.[138]

Moderate Tropical Storm Francisco

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
Duration3 February – 15 February
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min) 995 hPa (mbar)

Towards the end of January and the beginning of February, a convectively-active monsoon trough persisted across much of the southwestern Indian Ocean, generally northeast of Madagascar.[139] Regions of rotation began to develop within the complex of showers by 1 February, and due to the favourable atmospheric conditions, MFR highlighted the possibility of tropical cyclogenesis in three locations.[140] Later that day, the JTWC began monitoring a more coherent area of convection associated with loosely-defined rotation approximately 900 km (560 mi) southeast of Seychelles.[141] Slow consolidation occurred as the complex of showers and thunderstorms meandered southwards near the Chagos Archipelago.[142] MFR classified the system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 3 February,[143] and advisories were initiated the next day following detection of an elongated circulation alongside increased convection and wind curvature.[144] The storm took an initially southwest track before curving southeastwards along the periphery of a nearby subtropical ridge.[143][145] With improving organisation, the disturbance was upgraded to a Tropical Depression on 4 February during a brief timeframe supportive of intensification.[146]

On 5 February, MFR upgraded the system to a Moderate Tropical Storm as a strong curved rainband developed;[143] following routine, the Mauritius Meteorological Services named the storm Francisco.[147] Although Francisco's cloud pattern evolved into a central dense overcast,[148] the 75 km/h (45 mph) 10-minute sustained wind assessed upon its upgrade to a tropical storm was ultimately the peak intensity of Francisco's first iteration.[143] Northwesterly vertical wind shear accompanied by dry air in the mid-levels of the troposphere soon began to afflict the tropical storm, making its wind circulation increasingly ill-defined.[149] The wind shear caused the bulk of Francisco's deep convection to shift southeast away from the center of circulation.[150] Although gale-force winds were still present, Francisco was downgraded to a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 6 February as the circulation center became increasingly difficult to identify.[151] Unfavourable atmospheric conditions remained in place throughout most of the day,[152][153] but an attenuation of wind shear allowed some maintenance of the storm's convection.[154] MFR issued a final bulletin on Francisco on 7 February following the disappearance of most of the storm's convection. However, the system's wind circulation remained well-defined as the remnants curved west.[155]

Over the following week, Francisco's remnants continued west to west-northwest,[143] and dry air was initially forecast to prevent any deep convection from reemerging.[156] However, improved atmospheric conditions allowed for a burst of convection atop a well-defined circulation on 13 February as it was just east of Madagascar, prompting MFR to reinitiate advisories on the system as Tropical Depression Francisco.[157] The regenerated storm tracked slowly south-southwest and quickly acquired compact rainbands,[158] becoming a Moderate Tropical Storm the following day.[143] An eye-like feature was observable on microwave satellite imagery around the time Francisco reached its peak strength with sustained winds of 85 km/h (55 mph) on 15 February.[143][159] Later that day, Francisco made landfall on the eastern coast of Madagascar near Mahanoro and quickly weakened over land;[160] satellite data and surface observations suggested that any low-level circulation abated by 16 February.[161] Warnings for heavy rainfall were issued for several Malagasy districts as Francisco's second iteration approached from the east;[162] red vigilance advisories were issued for four Malagasy districts.[163] The Indian Ocean Regional Intervention Platform in Reunion provisioned relief supplies for shipment to Antananarivo with availability to 650 families.[164] Persistently heavy rains inundated areas of Toamasina, submerging roads.[165] Entire neighborhoods were flooded in Mahanoro and other nearby districts.[166] A child was killed in Vatomandry following the collapse of a house.[167]

Intense Tropical Cyclone Gabekile

Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
Duration13 February – 17 February
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min) 950 hPa (mbar)

Due to the anticipated convergence of favourable environmental parameters for development, MFR's tropical weather discussions began to highlight the possibility of a storm gradually developing in the eastern part of the South-West Indian Ocean basin on 9 February.[168] A broad circulation in the lower troposphere and embedded within a monsoon trough began to take shape in this region on 12 February.[156] The MFR designated the burgeoning system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather at 18:00 UTC on 13 February and began issuing advisories a day later.[169][170] The presence of a subtropical ridge to Gabekile's east led to the storm taking a predominantly southward track.[171] Although its associated showers were initially disorganised, a burst of convection early on 15 February allowed the disturbance to quickly develop.[172] The system was named Gabekile by the Mauritius Meteorological Services upon strengthening into a Moderate Tropical Storm at 06:00 UTC on 15 February.[171] Gabekile was upgraded to a Severe Tropical Storm six hours later as its convection evolved into a central dense overcast with a nascent eye.[173] Aided by conducive environmental conditions, Gabekile intensified into a tropical cyclone by 16 February, presenting a small eye surrounded by a central region of cold cloud tops.[174] Its maximum sustained winds were estimated at 130 km/h (80 mph) with gusts to 185 km/h (115 mph).[169]

After intensifying from a tropical depression to a tropical cyclone in 24 hours, Gabekile held tropical cyclone intensity for less than 12 hours.[169] Cloud tops warmed following its peak intensity and the western eyewall degraded, leading to a decrease in the cyclone's analysed strength.[175] By 12:00 UTC on 16 February, Gabekile had weakened to a Severe Tropical Storm coincident with the eye's dispersal on both infrared and visible satellite imagery.[169][176] The weakening storm's convective structure fluctuated considerably throughout the day in response to an increase northwesterly wind shear, accentuated by an intrusion of dry air into the storm's circulation. Concurrently, Gabekile location in a barometric col—a region with weak steering currents—caused the storm's initially southward trek to become nearly stationary.[176][177] Gabekile's winds diminished to Moderate Tropical Storm-force on 17 February as the continued presence of dry air dissipated most of the associated shower and thunderstorm activity.[169][178] MFR downgraded Gabekile to a remnant area of low pressure on 18 February once the center of circulation became devoid of prolonged convection.[179] Gabekile's remnants drifted southward and acquired post-tropical characteristics upon interacting with an upper-level trough on 19 February.[179][180]

Intense Tropical Cyclone Herold

Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
Duration12 March – 20 March
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min) 955 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Herold

Towards the beginning of March, a diffuse low-pressure system persisted for several days near Tromelin Island, remaining nearly stationary with an occasional drift towards the north or west.[181][182][183] Though conditions were initially favourable, the further development of the system was slowed by its large size.[184] An influx of dry air and strong wind shear muted convective activity around the low-pressure area,[185][186] eventually leading to its dissipation on 4 March.[187][186] However, convection unexpectedly reemerged the next day north of the Mascarene Islands.[188] Conditions both conducive and unconducive for tropical cyclone development were present near the embryonic system over the following week.[189][190][191][192] Convective activity increased and decreased diurnally without much persistence.[193] A clearer developmental trend began on 12 March as thunderstorms began to coalesce and persist around a newly formed wind circulation near Tromelin Island;[194] this was designated as Zone of Disturbed Weather 10 by MFR.[195][196] As convection concentrated further,[197] the system strengthened into a tropical depression and further to a Moderate Tropical Storm on 13 March, receiving the name Herold.[196][198]

Upon its naming, Herold remained stationary just off the northeastern coast of Madagascar due to its position within a col.[198][196] Herold gradually intensified in this configuration, developing a large core of strong winds within a favourable environment and later reaching Severe Tropical Storm strength on 14 March.[199][200][201] The ocean heat content beneath Herold diminished as the storm remained stationary, resulting in a degradation of the storm's overall convective strength despite the formation of a ragged eye.[202] The weakening of a subtropical ridge over Madagascar imparted an east-southeastward motion on Herold, causing the storm to track over warmer, untapped waters and restrengthen.[203] Accelerating poleward, Herold reached Tropical Cyclone strength on 15 March and briefly attained Intense Tropical Cyclone status on 17 March, peaking with sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph).[196] The onset of increasing wind shear and dry air initiated a sustained period of rapid weakening following this peak.[204][205] Between 17 and 18 March, the weakening storm's centre tracked 220 km (140 mi) east of Mauritius and 175 km (109 mi) southwest of Rodrigues.[206][207] On 18 March, Herold's winds fell below Tropical Cyclone strength as wind shear pulled the storm's central circulation and convection apart.[196][208] MFR issued their last advisory on Herold at 12:00 UTC that day.[209] The storm's remnants continued southeastward, maintaining a region of gale-force winds and an occasional pulse of thunderstorms.[210][211]

Météo Madagascar issued a green alert for the Antalaha District and Analanjirofo on 13 March following Herold's formation;[212] a yellow alert was later raised for Analanjirofo the following day.[213] The storm produced heavy rains in northeastern Madagascar, affecting over 3,000 people.[214] Sambava recorded 95 mm (3.7 in) of rain on 13 March;[215] floods there displaced a hundred people. Rivers near Maroantsetra overflowed and inundated surrounding villages and disrupted traffic, including Andranofotsy in particular.[214] Homes were swept away in Maroantsetra. Floods along the Ankavanana River affected over a thousand people.[216] Overall, flooding impacted 104 schools. Four people were killed in the Sava Region.[217] A class 1 cyclone warning was issued for Mauritius on 15 March,[218] which was upgraded further to a class 2 warning two days later.[219] A class 3 warning was escalated to a class 4 warning for Rodrigues on 18 March.[207] Schools were closed on 17 March on Mauritius and Rodrigues as Herold passed between the islands.[206] Eighty people on Rodrigues sought refuge in eight accommodation centres. The cyclone's effects were ultimately limited to downed trees and power outages in some areas of Rodrigues.[207][220] A peak gust of 130 km/h (81 mph) was registered at Sir Gaëtan Duval Airport. Herold's distance from the island kept rainfall low, with a maximum of 29 mm (1.1 in) in Patate Théophile.[221]

Intense Tropical Cyclone Irondro

Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
   
Duration1 April – 6 April (Exited basin)
Peak intensity175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min) 950 hPa (mbar)

On 29 March, monsoonal flow led to the formation of a broad area of low pressure in the central region of the South-West Indian Ocean basin.[222] Showers and thunderstorms began to develop and consolidate in connection with this system south-southwest of Diego Garcia.[223][224] It was classified by the MFR as a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 31 March and moved slowly during its first two days as an officially designated tropical system.[225] Rainbands took shape around the newly formed center of circulation.[226] Easterly wind shear impinged upon the system during its early stages, but a favorable upper-air environment provided suitable conditions for persistent convection.[227] On 2 April, more favourable conditions for intensification in the wake of a passing equatorial Kelvin wave allowed the storm to a Moderate Tropical Storm; the Mauritius Meteorological Services named it Irondro.[228] Concurrently, the storm began to track towards the southeast in response to a subtropical ridge to its east.[229] Irondro's winds increased throughout the day, particularly following a large burst of thunderstorms around the centre of the storm, reaching Severe Tropical Storm strength by 06:00 UTC on 3 April.[225][230]

Irondro was upgraded to Tropical Cyclone status at 18:00 UTC on 3 April after developing an intense central dense overcast with some hints of an eye.[231] The development of a pinhole eye and tight rainbands by the end of 3 April indicated rapid intensification was underway.[232] Early on 6 April, Irondro briefly peaked as an Intense Tropical Cyclone with sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph).[225] The storm then traversed a region of increasing wind shear, drier air, and diminishing oceanic heat content, precipitating the storm's weakening.[233] The organisation of Irondro's clouds deteriorated throughout 4 April as it was undermined by the steadily increasing wind shear.[234] The next day, the system weakened to a Severe Tropical Storm as the associated convection moved away from the low-level centre of circulation.[235] Its swath of storm-force winds also began to abate along with the fleeting thunderstorm activity.[236] On 6 April, Irondro degenerated into a post-tropical depression and moved into the Australian cyclone region.[225][237]

Moderate Tropical Storm Jeruto

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
   
Duration13 April (Entered basin) – 16 April
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 999 hPa (mbar)

Late on 13 April, a developing tropical low crossed over the 90th meridian east from the Australian cyclone region.[238][239] The environment was generally favourable for tropical cyclogenesis, with warm sea surface temperatures, low vertical wind shear and good poleward upper-level outflow. Microwave satellite imagery indicated that formative convective banding had begun to wrap into the centre of circulation, and the JTWC assessed the probability of the system strengthening into a tropical cyclone as medium.[240] However, MFR reported that there was a lack of substantial convergence from the north in the lower troposphere, which they noted could slow or prevent the development of a strong low-level circulation before environmental conditions became less favourable for strengthening.[241][242]

The system was classified as Tropical Depression 12 by MFR at 06:00 UTC on 14 April,[238] and the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert a few hours later.[243] Convection increased in organisation throughout the night, and the system was classified as Tropical Storm 26S by the JTWC at 18:00 UTC. It was noted that satellite scatterometer data indicated that the Dvorak technique was underestimating the cyclone's wind speeds at the time.[244] On 15 April, the depression was said to have strengthened into a moderate tropical storm as convection successfully wrapped around the low-level circulation, and it was named Jeruto.[245] Offset by high wind shear, Jeruto began to quickly weaken shortly after being designated as a moderate tropical storm, and was downgraded to a tropical depression just 12 hours after being named as convection quickly became displaced south of the center.[246] Just 6 hours after this downgrade, the JTWC issued its final warning as it became highly disorganized.[247] Jeruto was estimated by MFR to have weakened below tropical depression intensity by early on 16 April,[248] and the last advisory by the MFR on Jeruto was issued on 16 April as it rapidly dissipated.[249]

Storm names

See also: Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming

Within the South-West Indian Ocean, tropical depressions and subtropical depressions that are judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 65 km/h (40 mph) by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre on La Réunion Island, France (RSMC La Réunion) are usually assigned a name. However, it is the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers in Mauritius and Madagascar who name the systems. The Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center in Mauritius names a storm should it intensify into a moderate tropical storm between 55°E and 90°E. If instead, a cyclone intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 30°E and 55°E then the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. Storm names are taken from three pre-determined lists of names, which rotate on a triennial basis, with any names that have been used automatically removed. Therefore, all storm names used this year will be removed from the rotation and replaced with a new name for the 2022–23 season, while the unused names will remain on the list.[250] New names this season were: Ambali, Belna, Calvinia, Diane, Esami and Francisco. They replaced Abela, Bransby, Carlos, Dineo, Enawo and Fernando after the 2016–17 season.

  • Ambali
  • Belna
  • Calvinia
  • Diane
  • Esami
  • Francisco
  • Gabekile
  • Herold
  • Irondro
  • Jeruto
  • Kundai (unused)
  • Lisebo (unused)
  • Michel (unused)
  • Nousra (unused)
  • Olivier (unused)
  • Pokera (unused)
  • Quincy (unused)
  • Rebaone (unused)
  • Salama (unused)
  • Tristan (unused)
  • Ursula (unused)
  • Violet (unused)
  • Wilson (unused)
  • Xila (unused)
  • Yekela (unused)
  • Zania (unused)

After the season, the ten names used were automatically retired and were replaced with Ashley, Balita, Cheneso, Dingani, Enali, Fabien, Gezani, Horacio, Indusa and Juluka, respectively for the 2022–23 season..

Seasonal effects

This table lists all of the tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones that were monitored during the 2019–20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Information on their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, primarily comes from RSMC La Réunion. Death and damage reports come from either press reports or the relevant national disaster management agency while the damage totals are given in 2019 USD.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
One 22 – 25 July Zone of disturbed weather 35 km/h (25 mph) 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) None None None
Belna 2 – 11 December Tropical cyclone 155 km/h (95 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Seychelles, Mayotte, Comoros, Madagascar > $25 million 9
Ambali 3 – 7 December Very intense tropical cyclone 220 km/h (140 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) None None None
Calvinia 27 December – 1 January Tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Mauritius, Rodrigues Unknown None
05 19 – 23 January Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) None None None
Diane 22 – 26 January Severe tropical storm 100 km/h (60 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius Unknown 31
Esami 23 – 26 January Moderate tropical storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Rodrigues Unknown Unknown
Francisco 3 – 15 February Moderate tropical storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Madagascar Unknown 1
Gabekile 13 – 17 February Intense tropical cyclone 165 km/h (105 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) None None None
Herold 12 – 20 March Intense tropical cyclone 165 km/h (105 mph) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Madagascar, Tromelin Island Unknown 5
Irondro 1 – 6 April Intense tropical cyclone 175 km/h (110 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) None None None
Jeruto 13 – 16 April Moderate tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) None None None
Season aggregates
12 systems 22 July –
16 April		 220 km/h (135 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) >$25 million 46

See also

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019-20 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season.
  • Météo-France La Réunion
  • Direction Générale de la Météorologie de Madagascar
  • Mauritius Meteorological Services
  • Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)

February 14, 2023
2019, south, west, indian, ocean, cyclone, season, slightly, above, average, season, tropical, cyclone, subtropical, cyclone, formation, west, season, officially, began, november, however, formation, first, system, zone, disturbed, weather, occurred, july, 201. The 2019 20 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above average season in tropical cyclone and subtropical cyclone formation west of 90 E The season officially began on 15 November however the formation of the first system Zone of Disturbed Weather 01 occurred on 22 July 2019 well before the official start of the season This was the earliest start to a season since the 2016 17 season The season then officially ended on 30 April 2020 with the exception of Mauritius and the Seychelles for which it officially ended on 15 May 2020 These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin which is west of 90 E and south of the Equator Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in Reunion 2019 20 South West Indian Ocean cyclone seasonSeason summary mapSeasonal boundariesFirst system formed22 July 2019Last system dissipated16 April 2020Strongest stormNameAmbali Maximum winds220 km h 140 mph 10 minute sustained Lowest pressure930 hPa mbar Seasonal statisticsTotal disturbances12Total depressions11Total storms10Tropical cyclones6Intense tropical cyclones4Very intense tropical cyclones1Total fatalities46 totalTotal damage gt 25 million 2020 USD Related articles2019 20 Australian region cyclone season 2019 20 South Pacific cyclone seasonSouth West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons2017 18 2018 19 2019 20 2020 21 2021 22For the second consecutive year in a row the first system formed before the official start of the season Afterwards three storms formed in the month of December Tropical Cyclone Belna on 2 December which brought flooding and strong wind to northwestern Madagascar Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Ambali which formed a day later and became the first very intense tropical cyclone in the basin since Fantala in 2016 and Tropical Cyclone Calvinia which stalled near Mauritius and brought heavy rain and moderate flooding to the island nation towards the end of the month crossing into 2020 The rest of the year would remain quite weak until Intense Tropical Cyclone Herold formed in March becoming the first major cyclone of 2020 Just weeks after Intense Tropical Cyclone Irondro in April would become the third intense tropical cyclone of the season The season would later conclude with the dissipation of Moderate Tropical Storm Jeruto on 16 April The season had little impact on land with the fact that all storms that formed with the exception of Belna Diane and Francisco did not make any direct impacts on land and stayed out to sea Contents 1 Seasonal forecasts 2 Seasonal summary 3 Systems 3 1 Zone of Disturbed Weather 01 3 2 Tropical Cyclone Belna 3 3 Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Ambali 3 4 Tropical Cyclone Calvinia 3 5 Tropical Depression 05 3 6 Severe Tropical Storm Diane 3 7 Moderate Tropical Storm Esami 3 8 Moderate Tropical Storm Francisco 3 9 Intense Tropical Cyclone Gabekile 3 10 Intense Tropical Cyclone Herold 3 11 Intense Tropical Cyclone Irondro 3 12 Moderate Tropical Storm Jeruto 4 Storm names 5 Seasonal effects 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksSeasonal forecasts EditThe season began with one of the strongest positive phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole IOD in the past 40 years Meteo France Reunion expected that the positive anomalies would decay slowly throughout austral summer having a prominent impact on the cyclone season through mid February As a result storm activity was not forecast to begin until December the month in which the monsoonal flow becomes established in the western half of the basin the dry conditions in the central and eastern Indian Ocean induced by the IOD would prevent typical early season storms With warm and wet conditions expected in the western Indian Ocean cyclone formation was expected to be enhanced west of 70 E 1 A near average eight to eleven storms were expected throughout the course of the season with the possibility of a higher than average number of these attaining Tropical Cyclone strength with winds of 120 km h 75 mph or greater as a result of favorable upper level divergence in the western region of the basin Activity was expected to be focused west of the Chagos Archipelago presenting an increased threat to land A wide range of track types and motions were expected although predominantly southerly storm motion were expected to be favored 1 In November the Mauritius Meteorological Services forecasted eight to ten named storms and emphasized that storm formation would be more likely west of Diego Garcia 2 Seasonal summary EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message On 22 July Zone of Disturbed Weather 01 formed and started the cyclone season The disturbance failed to organise into a tropical depression and dissipated on 25 July Tropical activity came to a halt until 2 December when Tropical Disturbance 02 formed A day later Tropical Depression 03 formed and was later named Ambali On 5 December Tropical Storm Ambali rapidly intensified becoming the first very intense tropical cyclone since Fantala in 2016 Tropical Disturbance 02 then became Belna and Belna continued to intensify into a Severe Tropical Storm Belna then intensified into a cyclone equivalent to a category 3 hurricane before making landfall in northwestern Madagascar as a category 2 hurricane equivalent storm leaving significant damages and 9 deaths In late December tropical storm Calvinia formed It persisted into 2020 Activity was quiet for three weeks On 19 January a tropical depression formed but soon dissipated without being named Two tropical storms formed in late January Diane and Esami They also both dissipated without reaching tropical cyclone status In early February another tropical depression formed It eventually intensified into a tropical storm and was named Francisco Francisco degenerated into a remnant low several days after formation In mid February the storm regenerated into a tropical depression At the same time another disturbance formed and would strengthen into Tropical Storm Gabekile It wasn t long until Gabekile strengthened into a tropical cyclone However it quickly weakened By 19 February Gabekile had dissipated Nearly a month later Moderate Tropical Storm Herold formed On 14 March Herold strengthened into a severe tropical storm Herold then rapidly intensified to become the season s 2nd Intense Tropical Cyclone Shortly after it rapidly weakened as it moved southwards before dissipating In early April Moderate tropical storm Irondro formed Irondro was also an intense tropical cyclone but it dissipated some time later on 6 April A tropical low crossed over on 12 April and was named Jeruto However Jeruto rapidly entered unfavorable conditions and quickly dissipated on 16 April Systems EditZone of Disturbed Weather 01 Edit Zone of disturbed weather MFR Duration22 July 25 JulyPeak intensity45 km h 30 mph 10 min 1001 hPa mbar In mid July a broad wind circulation developed over the central Indian Ocean accompanied by deep convection Some computer models suggested the possibility of a southern segment of this system organising into a tropical cyclone Meteo France MFR initially estimated a very low chance of a moderate tropical storm materialising from the large circulation near Diego Garcia 3 Due to strong wind shear the environment remained unfavourable for tropical development 4 On 22 July Meteo France began monitoring the system as a zone of disturbed weather the system s forward motion was initially southward 5 A temporary decrease in wind shear on 23 July provided a brief period conducive for tropical development 6 and the system strengthened to its peak winds of 45 km h 30 mph that day 5 However the disturbance s centre of circulation remained ill defined and lacking showers and thunderstorms 7 Although the disturbance was forecast to initially strengthen into a tropical storm 7 an increase in wind shear prevented the storm from consolidating further about the centre of circulation and caused the overall wind field to disorganise 8 9 The system curved towards the west on 24 July and eventually degenerated into a remnant circulation northeast of Rodrigues by the 25 July 5 these remnants persisted for another day before dissipating entirely 10 11 Tropical Cyclone Belna Edit Tropical cyclone MFR Category 3 tropical cyclone SSHWS Duration2 December 11 DecemberPeak intensity155 km h 100 mph 10 min 965 hPa mbar Main article Cyclone Belna Meteo France began highlighting the potential for tropical cyclone development in their daily bulletins on 25 November noting an increase in shower activity west of the Seychelles 12 Aided by the passage of a Kelvin wave and a favourable window in the Madden Julian oscillation a broad trough of low pressure began to take shape within the storm activity extending across the equator 13 14 Projections from computer models remained in disagreement over the system s future complicated by the concurrent development of a tropical disturbance in the northwestern Indian Ocean along the same trough 14 A loosely defined wind circulation was detected 263 km 163 mi south of Mahe Seychelles on 29 November offset from convection 15 Over the following days this circulation tightened within an environment moderately conducive for tropical development 16 17 Meteo France declared the system as a zone of disturbed weather on 2 December at the time the system had drifted west from its point of origin 18 Although the storm was better organised and the environment conducive for intensification the storm s wind field initially remained elongated and rainfall remained north of the storm s centre 19 20 21 The disturbance become a tropical depression on 5 December attended by an increase in rainbands and the return of convection at the center of circulation 22 23 at 18 00 UTC that day the system was upgraded to Moderate Tropical Storm Belna Belna was upgraded further to severe tropical storm status early on 6 December 18 Around the same time a cloud obscured eye briefly became apparent in microwave satellite imagery Due to a strengthening area of high pressure to its east Belna began to curve from its initial westward drift to a more directed southwestward trajectory 24 After a brief period of strengthening 18 Belna s central dense overcast remained largely unchanged throughout 6 December before signs of resumed intensification emerged by the day s end followed by the development of another eye 25 26 27 With the storm s eye becoming better defined MFR upgraded Belna to a tropical cyclone early on 7 December Hot towers were detected atop and within the storm s radius of maximum winds suggesting the onset of a more accelerated rate of intensification 28 On 9 December Belna made landfall near Mayotte and soon began to rapidly weaken with the winds dropping below tropical storm force on the next day The system dissipated late on 11 December over Haute Matsiatra 18 Meteo Madagascar first issued green alerts for the Madagascan districts of Diana Sava and Sofia on 4 December based on a high probability of Belna impacting northeastern Madagascar Accordingly cyclone response measures were activated by the National Office for Risk and Disaster Management and humanitarian organisations across northern Madagascar 29 Green alerts were later extended to encompass five districts 30 A cyclone pre alert was issued for Mayotte on 6 December 31 succeeded by an orange alert the following day 32 Civil security personnel from mainland France and Reunion some from the National Gendarmerie were sent to Mayotte to aid storm preparation efforts there 33 34 Shelters were opened in several Mayotte communes on 7 December 35 The National Office for Risk and Disaster Management and 11 humanitarian agencies were active in northern Madagascar by 9 December 29 36 Belna s effects in Mayotte were minimal as the storm passed 100 km 62 mi to the east 37 The worst effects of Belna in Madagascar occurred in Soalala where the storm made landfall 38 The roofs of 80 of residences and government buildings in the city were damaged by Belna s winds Damage to homes displaced 1 400 people in Soalala and another 900 throughout Madagascar 39 Extensive flooding also affected both Soalala and Antsiranana 40 41 Belna s impacts in Madagascar killed nine people and caused at least US 25 million in economic losses 42 Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Ambali Edit Very intense tropical cyclone MFR Category 5 tropical cyclone SSHWS Duration3 December 7 DecemberPeak intensity220 km h 140 mph 10 min 930 hPa mbar While Belna was gradually developing out of an extended trough of low pressure another area of convection formed along the same trough between the Seychelles and the Chagos Archipelago in early December 43 The system organised quickly attaining formative rainbands around a coalescing centre of circulation on 3 December 44 At 06 00 UTC the system was classified as a Zone of Disturbed Weather A day later the system was upgraded to a tropical depression following a significant increase in convection near its centre 45 46 Steered by a high pressure area centred over the southern Indian Ocean the tropical depression moved south 47 The quick organisation continued into 5 December and MFR named the system Moderate Tropical Storm Ambali as a central dense overcast emerged 48 Ambali intensified into a Severe Tropical Storm a few hours later 45 Buoyed by a highly favourable environment with waters between 29 30 C 84 86 F explosive intensification ensued accompanied by the formation of an eye 49 50 At 18 00 UTC on 5 December MFR upgraded Ambali to intense tropical cyclone status following a sharp 80 km h 50 mph increase in the storm s winds in 12 hours 45 The cyclone was highly compact with a distinct eye 15 km 9 mi in diameter surrounded by cold cloud tops 51 52 Six hours later Ambali was reclassified as a very intense tropical cyclone 45 the highest rating on the MFR s intensity scale and the first in the basin since Fantala in 2016 53 54 The agency estimated maximum 10 minute sustained winds of 220 km h 140 mph and a minimum pressure of 930 mbar hPa 27 46 inHg 45 concurrently the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC assessed peak 1 minute sustained winds of 250 km h 155 mph equivalent to a high end Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson scale SSHWS However in post season reanalysis the JTWC reassessed the system as slightly stronger peaking with 1 min sustained winds of 260 km h 160 mph a low end Category 5 equivalent cyclone SSHWS The cyclone s eye had contracted further to a diameter of 9 km 5 mi early on 6 December at the time of peak intensity 55 Based on JTWC data Ambali s winds increased by 185 km h 115 mph in 24 hours marking the fastest 24 hour intensification recorded in the Southern Hemisphere since 1980 and topping the old record set by Cyclone Ernie in 2017 and the second fastest globally after only Hurricane Patricia 56 57 A gradual weakening trend soon succeeded the rapid intensification episode as indicated by a clouding over of the small eye 55 Within a few hours of Ambali s peak strength the eye was no longer apparent on infrared satellite imagery dry air became wrapped close to the core of the cyclone s compact circulation 58 Impaired further by an increase in wind shear 59 60 Ambali s strength quickly diminished throughout 6 December and by the following day its winds fell below tropical cyclone thresholds 45 Despite otherwise inhibiting environmental factors the eye reappeared for a two hour period before fully succumbing to the dry air and 55 km h 35 mph wind shear 61 Rapid weakening soon proceeded and by mid day on 7 December the storm s coldest cloud tops were displaced east of the center of circulation Ambali s motion also became erratic as winds in the lower levels of the troposphere began to govern its track 62 On 8 December Ambali degenerated to a remnant low and MFR issued their last advisory on the dissipating system 63 Tropical Cyclone Calvinia Edit Tropical cyclone MFR Category 1 tropical cyclone SSHWS Duration27 December 1 JanuaryPeak intensity120 km h 75 mph 10 min 970 hPa mbar The origin of Calvinia can be traced back to an area of persistent showers and thunderstorms southwest of Diego Garcia first noted by the JTWC on 16 December The system featured a loosely defined circulation upon designation but computer models indicated that tropical cyclogenesis intermediately was unlikely 64 The storm complex drifted southward over the next two days 65 and an increase in organisation briefly prompted the issuance of a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert TCFA on 18 December before an increase in wind shear cut development of the system short leading to alert s cancellation despite the system producing storm force winds 66 67 The system then slowly curved to the west towards Madagascar 68 69 eventually moving into a much more favorable environment enhanced by a passing Kelvin wave by 25 December 70 71 Two days later MFR designated the system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather 72 the disturbance was initially broad and had two areas of rotation 73 The next day MFR upgraded the system to a Tropical Depression while the JTWC issued a second TCFA 72 74 Tracking southward the depression strengthened and became a Moderate Tropical Storm on 29 December gaining the name Calvinia 75 76 Dry air and wind shear afflicted the nascent storm early in its development limiting convection to the southern half of Calvinia s circulation 76 77 The storm remained asymmetric but showed signs of improvement on 29 December as the environment became more favourable for intensification with rainbands redeveloping near the center of the storm Concurrently Calvinia turned towards the southwest and slowed down as it neared Mauritius 78 The next morning a small eye emerged within the quasi stationary Calvinia on radar imagery from the Mascarene Islands allowing the MFR to upgrade Calvinia to a Severe Tropical Storm that day 79 The eye was later evident on satellite imagery indicative of continued intensification 80 After the eye had collapsed yet again an area of high pressure to Calvinia s southeast then began to steer the storm slowly towards the south and away from the Mascarene Islands on 30 December 81 Shortly after it began to track away from Mauritius the storm intensified further into a Category 1 hurricane equivalent storm and another eye began to appear on satellite imagery on 31 December Shortly after the MFR also upgraded Calvinia to a tropical cyclone 82 Not too long after intensifying the storm accelerated southwestwards and significantly weakened on 1 January As a result the MFR issued their final advisory on the system as it turned extratropical 83 All the three major Mascarene Islands were placed under a pre cyclonic alert on 29 December 84 Mauritius Meteorological Services issued a class III warning for Mauritius on 29 December indicating the forecast onset of 120 km h 75 mph wind gusts 85 86 Several key services in Mauritius were closed ahead of Calvinia s approach including Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport and the Port Louis Harbour amid the country s peak tourism season effectively suspending external trade with Mauritius 85 87 The Stock Exchange of Mauritius suspended operations and most other shops and businesses in Port Louis also closed 87 Air Mauritius postponed all of its flights indefinitely 85 Evacuation shelters on Mauritius housed 298 refugees during the storm 88 with a total of 168 shelters opened 89 The centre of Calvinia was 60 km 37 mi from Mauritius at its closest approach on 31 December 90 Stormy conditions prevailed on the island causing flooding in some areas 84 Power outages affected 6 000 families in Union Vale and Ferney 89 Rains from Calvinia caused flooding in southern Reunion blocking roads in Saint Louis and L Etang Sale 91 The storm also caused minor damage on the island knocking down trees and power lines Water utility company Sudeau reported several incidents to its water distribution systems during the storm A 325 mm 12 8 in rainfall total was recorded in Dimitile while a peak wind gust of 122 km h 76 mph was measured in Plaine des Cafres 90 Tropical Depression 05 Edit Tropical depression MFR Tropical storm SSHWS Duration19 January 23 JanuaryPeak intensity55 km h 35 mph 10 min 999 hPa mbar In mid January 2020 a monsoon trough began to produce persistent convection over the southwestern Indian Ocean near the Chagos Archipelago 92 93 An elongated wind circulation slowly developed within this aggregation of storms moving towards the southeast 94 95 MFR classified the system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 19 January and initiated advisories two days later 96 Due to strong wind shear and low level convergence conditions were unfavourable for substantial intensification 97 Strong convective bursts occurred in response to an attenuation of wind shear 98 leading the MFR to reclassify the system to a Tropical Disturbance on 22 January 96 nonetheless the system remained generally disorganised as the center of circulation remained near the edge of the associated shower activity 98 99 The JTWC classified the asymmetric disturbance now 1 315 km 817 mi east of Mauritius as a tropical storm later that day 100 On 23 January the MFR upgraded the system to a tropical depression as convection continued to strengthen further in tandem with the diminishing of vertical wind shear 96 101 however this period of strengthening was cut short by the storm s trajectory towards the subtropical jet stream 102 Coupled with a return of wind shear and cooling sea surface temperatures shower activity associated with the storm quickly diminished both the MFR and JTWC issued their final advisories on the storm on 23 January 103 104 Severe Tropical Storm Diane Edit Severe tropical storm MFR Tropical storm SSHWS Duration22 January 26 JanuaryPeak intensity95 km h 60 mph 10 min 990 hPa mbar As early as 11 January long range ensemble forecast guidance from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts suggested the possibility of a storm forming over the Mozambique Channel 92 A low pressure area eventually formed over southern Africa by 18 January and was forecast by the MFR to develop within the channel as part of a complex series of developing low pressure minima along a monsoon trough extending across Madagascar 95 105 A centre of circulation of monsoonal character began to develop on 22 January between Juan de Nova Island and the western Malagasy coast prompting the MFR to designate the system as Zone of Disturbed Weather 06 106 The incipient disturbance tracked eastward across Madagascar maintaining a corridor of strong winds 107 By the afternoon of 23 January the centre of the system emerged over the Indian Ocean 108 The system then began to slowly consolidate with the aid of warm ocean waters with the MFR upgrading it to a tropical depression on 24 January The presence of a trough to the south and an equatorial ridge to the north produced a westerly flow in the region resulting in an unusual eastward track towards the Mascarene Islands 109 Based on satellite analysis and scatterometer data the depression strengthened further near Mauritius to a Moderate Tropical Storm by 18 00 UTC on 24 January and received the name Diane 110 The centre of Diane tracked 30 km 19 mi north of Mauritius roughly three hours later 111 Diane s southeasterly motion lessened the inhibitory effects of wind shear allowing the storm to intensify as indicated by improved convection on the storm s southern side 112 Deep convection around the central dense overcast remained persistent and as a result MFR upgraded Diane to Severe Tropical Storm status on 26 January 113 Diane continued southeast throughout the day and a combination of wind shear and interaction with a baroclinic zone caused Diane to begin losing tropical characteristics Much of Diane s convection eventually diminished and Diane was reported to have fully lost its tropical characteristics later on 26 January leading MFR to issue its final tropical advisories on the system 114 The extratropical remnants of Diane continued to persist for an additional two days curving towards the southwest before MFR issued its last bulletin on the system on 28 January 115 114 Diane s precursor disturbance worsened flood conditions in Madagascar producing heavy rainfall 129 mm 5 1 in of rain fell in Antsohihy amid widespread rainfall totals of 50 mm 2 0 in 116 Effects were most prevalent in seven districts in northern Madagascar where nearly 107 000 people were affected Thousands of hectares of land and more than 10 600 homes were inundated by floodwaters 117 118 of the homes 146 were destroyed 117 Thirty one people were killed primarily by drowning according to the Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes 117 118 The Malagasy government declared a state of emergency for Madagascar on 24 January 117 A yellow cyclone pre alert was issued by MFR for Reunion on 23 January eventually superseded by an orange pre alert 119 120 The University of Reunion Island closed all of its campuses ahead of Diane 120 Southern parts of Reunion were most heavily affected by Diane s rainfall In Les Makes 460 mm 18 in of rain was recorded 121 Several rafts at river crossings were flooded truncating roads 122 A level 3 alert was issued for Mauritius and a level 1 alert for Rodrigues on 24 January 123 these alerts were lifted the next day 124 In Mauritius 1 121 people sought refuge in 23 evacuation centres 125 Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport closed for 19 hours as Diane passed to the north 126 Flights to Rodrigues were cancelled on 25 January 124 Moderate Tropical Storm Esami Edit Moderate tropical storm MFR Tropical storm SSHWS Duration23 January 26 JanuaryPeak intensity85 km h 50 mph 10 min 990 hPa mbar Beginning on 16 January MFR began to note the potential of a disturbance forming east of Madagascar during the same active period that would eventually spawn both Tropical Depression 05 and Moderate Tropical Storm Diane 127 128 A convergence zone had persisted over the region and was expected to evolve into a monsoon trough from which tropical cyclones could develop 129 On 22 January a low pressure area with multiple circulation centres developed near the Mascarene Islands between the weakening Tropical Depression 05 and then Tropical Disturbance 06 which would later become Moderate Tropical Storm Diane 106 130 The MFR did not forecast tropical cyclogenesis at the time due to the presence of unfavourable atmospheric conditions 106 However a more well defined circulation quickly took hold with an associated curved rainband appearing on the system leading MFR to designate the system as Tropical Disturbance 07 between Mauritius and Rodrigues on 23 January 130 131 Due to westerly flow in the mid troposphere the newly classified disturbance took an east southeasterly course Though the storm s convection was variable wind shear limited convection to the northern quadrants of the circulation 132 The disturbance was upgraded to a Tropical Depression based on scatterometer data later that day 132 It continued to intensify developing a quickly evolving and compact area of central overcast 133 receiving the name Esami as it intensified into a Moderate Tropical Storm on 25 January 134 Dry air and wind shear generated by the nearby Moderate Tropical Storm Diane to the storm s west resulted in Esami maintaining a lopsided appearance with the strongest winds and convection limited to the eastern part of the wind circulation 135 This dry air was later entrained to the centre of Esami exposing the center of circulation and displacing convection from it 136 According to MFR Esami s 10 minute maximum sustained winds topped out at 75 km h 45 mph early on 25 January 131 The passage of a trough to Esami s south drew the storm increasingly poleward causing its track to curve towards the south southeast 137 On 26 January Esami began to interact with a baroclinic zone associated with the subtropical jet stream causing Esami to lose its tropical characteristics At 12 00 UTC that day MFR re classified Esami as a post tropical depression 138 Moderate Tropical Storm Francisco Edit Moderate tropical storm MFR Tropical storm SSHWS Duration3 February 15 FebruaryPeak intensity85 km h 50 mph 10 min 995 hPa mbar Towards the end of January and the beginning of February a convectively active monsoon trough persisted across much of the southwestern Indian Ocean generally northeast of Madagascar 139 Regions of rotation began to develop within the complex of showers by 1 February and due to the favourable atmospheric conditions MFR highlighted the possibility of tropical cyclogenesis in three locations 140 Later that day the JTWC began monitoring a more coherent area of convection associated with loosely defined rotation approximately 900 km 560 mi southeast of Seychelles 141 Slow consolidation occurred as the complex of showers and thunderstorms meandered southwards near the Chagos Archipelago 142 MFR classified the system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 3 February 143 and advisories were initiated the next day following detection of an elongated circulation alongside increased convection and wind curvature 144 The storm took an initially southwest track before curving southeastwards along the periphery of a nearby subtropical ridge 143 145 With improving organisation the disturbance was upgraded to a Tropical Depression on 4 February during a brief timeframe supportive of intensification 146 On 5 February MFR upgraded the system to a Moderate Tropical Storm as a strong curved rainband developed 143 following routine the Mauritius Meteorological Services named the storm Francisco 147 Although Francisco s cloud pattern evolved into a central dense overcast 148 the 75 km h 45 mph 10 minute sustained wind assessed upon its upgrade to a tropical storm was ultimately the peak intensity of Francisco s first iteration 143 Northwesterly vertical wind shear accompanied by dry air in the mid levels of the troposphere soon began to afflict the tropical storm making its wind circulation increasingly ill defined 149 The wind shear caused the bulk of Francisco s deep convection to shift southeast away from the center of circulation 150 Although gale force winds were still present Francisco was downgraded to a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 6 February as the circulation center became increasingly difficult to identify 151 Unfavourable atmospheric conditions remained in place throughout most of the day 152 153 but an attenuation of wind shear allowed some maintenance of the storm s convection 154 MFR issued a final bulletin on Francisco on 7 February following the disappearance of most of the storm s convection However the system s wind circulation remained well defined as the remnants curved west 155 Over the following week Francisco s remnants continued west to west northwest 143 and dry air was initially forecast to prevent any deep convection from reemerging 156 However improved atmospheric conditions allowed for a burst of convection atop a well defined circulation on 13 February as it was just east of Madagascar prompting MFR to reinitiate advisories on the system as Tropical Depression Francisco 157 The regenerated storm tracked slowly south southwest and quickly acquired compact rainbands 158 becoming a Moderate Tropical Storm the following day 143 An eye like feature was observable on microwave satellite imagery around the time Francisco reached its peak strength with sustained winds of 85 km h 55 mph on 15 February 143 159 Later that day Francisco made landfall on the eastern coast of Madagascar near Mahanoro and quickly weakened over land 160 satellite data and surface observations suggested that any low level circulation abated by 16 February 161 Warnings for heavy rainfall were issued for several Malagasy districts as Francisco s second iteration approached from the east 162 red vigilance advisories were issued for four Malagasy districts 163 The Indian Ocean Regional Intervention Platform in Reunion provisioned relief supplies for shipment to Antananarivo with availability to 650 families 164 Persistently heavy rains inundated areas of Toamasina submerging roads 165 Entire neighborhoods were flooded in Mahanoro and other nearby districts 166 A child was killed in Vatomandry following the collapse of a house 167 Intense Tropical Cyclone Gabekile Edit Intense tropical cyclone MFR Category 2 tropical cyclone SSHWS Duration13 February 17 FebruaryPeak intensity165 km h 105 mph 10 min 950 hPa mbar Due to the anticipated convergence of favourable environmental parameters for development MFR s tropical weather discussions began to highlight the possibility of a storm gradually developing in the eastern part of the South West Indian Ocean basin on 9 February 168 A broad circulation in the lower troposphere and embedded within a monsoon trough began to take shape in this region on 12 February 156 The MFR designated the burgeoning system as a Zone of Disturbed Weather at 18 00 UTC on 13 February and began issuing advisories a day later 169 170 The presence of a subtropical ridge to Gabekile s east led to the storm taking a predominantly southward track 171 Although its associated showers were initially disorganised a burst of convection early on 15 February allowed the disturbance to quickly develop 172 The system was named Gabekile by the Mauritius Meteorological Services upon strengthening into a Moderate Tropical Storm at 06 00 UTC on 15 February 171 Gabekile was upgraded to a Severe Tropical Storm six hours later as its convection evolved into a central dense overcast with a nascent eye 173 Aided by conducive environmental conditions Gabekile intensified into a tropical cyclone by 16 February presenting a small eye surrounded by a central region of cold cloud tops 174 Its maximum sustained winds were estimated at 130 km h 80 mph with gusts to 185 km h 115 mph 169 After intensifying from a tropical depression to a tropical cyclone in 24 hours Gabekile held tropical cyclone intensity for less than 12 hours 169 Cloud tops warmed following its peak intensity and the western eyewall degraded leading to a decrease in the cyclone s analysed strength 175 By 12 00 UTC on 16 February Gabekile had weakened to a Severe Tropical Storm coincident with the eye s dispersal on both infrared and visible satellite imagery 169 176 The weakening storm s convective structure fluctuated considerably throughout the day in response to an increase northwesterly wind shear accentuated by an intrusion of dry air into the storm s circulation Concurrently Gabekile location in a barometric col a region with weak steering currents caused the storm s initially southward trek to become nearly stationary 176 177 Gabekile s winds diminished to Moderate Tropical Storm force on 17 February as the continued presence of dry air dissipated most of the associated shower and thunderstorm activity 169 178 MFR downgraded Gabekile to a remnant area of low pressure on 18 February once the center of circulation became devoid of prolonged convection 179 Gabekile s remnants drifted southward and acquired post tropical characteristics upon interacting with an upper level trough on 19 February 179 180 Intense Tropical Cyclone Herold Edit Intense tropical cyclone MFR Category 3 tropical cyclone SSHWS Duration12 March 20 MarchPeak intensity165 km h 105 mph 10 min 955 hPa mbar Main article Cyclone Herold Towards the beginning of March a diffuse low pressure system persisted for several days near Tromelin Island remaining nearly stationary with an occasional drift towards the north or west 181 182 183 Though conditions were initially favourable the further development of the system was slowed by its large size 184 An influx of dry air and strong wind shear muted convective activity around the low pressure area 185 186 eventually leading to its dissipation on 4 March 187 186 However convection unexpectedly reemerged the next day north of the Mascarene Islands 188 Conditions both conducive and unconducive for tropical cyclone development were present near the embryonic system over the following week 189 190 191 192 Convective activity increased and decreased diurnally without much persistence 193 A clearer developmental trend began on 12 March as thunderstorms began to coalesce and persist around a newly formed wind circulation near Tromelin Island 194 this was designated as Zone of Disturbed Weather 10 by MFR 195 196 As convection concentrated further 197 the system strengthened into a tropical depression and further to a Moderate Tropical Storm on 13 March receiving the name Herold 196 198 Upon its naming Herold remained stationary just off the northeastern coast of Madagascar due to its position within a col 198 196 Herold gradually intensified in this configuration developing a large core of strong winds within a favourable environment and later reaching Severe Tropical Storm strength on 14 March 199 200 201 The ocean heat content beneath Herold diminished as the storm remained stationary resulting in a degradation of the storm s overall convective strength despite the formation of a ragged eye 202 The weakening of a subtropical ridge over Madagascar imparted an east southeastward motion on Herold causing the storm to track over warmer untapped waters and restrengthen 203 Accelerating poleward Herold reached Tropical Cyclone strength on 15 March and briefly attained Intense Tropical Cyclone status on 17 March peaking with sustained winds of 175 km h 110 mph 196 The onset of increasing wind shear and dry air initiated a sustained period of rapid weakening following this peak 204 205 Between 17 and 18 March the weakening storm s centre tracked 220 km 140 mi east of Mauritius and 175 km 109 mi southwest of Rodrigues 206 207 On 18 March Herold s winds fell below Tropical Cyclone strength as wind shear pulled the storm s central circulation and convection apart 196 208 MFR issued their last advisory on Herold at 12 00 UTC that day 209 The storm s remnants continued southeastward maintaining a region of gale force winds and an occasional pulse of thunderstorms 210 211 Meteo Madagascar issued a green alert for the Antalaha District and Analanjirofo on 13 March following Herold s formation 212 a yellow alert was later raised for Analanjirofo the following day 213 The storm produced heavy rains in northeastern Madagascar affecting over 3 000 people 214 Sambava recorded 95 mm 3 7 in of rain on 13 March 215 floods there displaced a hundred people Rivers near Maroantsetra overflowed and inundated surrounding villages and disrupted traffic including Andranofotsy in particular 214 Homes were swept away in Maroantsetra Floods along the Ankavanana River affected over a thousand people 216 Overall flooding impacted 104 schools Four people were killed in the Sava Region 217 A class 1 cyclone warning was issued for Mauritius on 15 March 218 which was upgraded further to a class 2 warning two days later 219 A class 3 warning was escalated to a class 4 warning for Rodrigues on 18 March 207 Schools were closed on 17 March on Mauritius and Rodrigues as Herold passed between the islands 206 Eighty people on Rodrigues sought refuge in eight accommodation centres The cyclone s effects were ultimately limited to downed trees and power outages in some areas of Rodrigues 207 220 A peak gust of 130 km h 81 mph was registered at Sir Gaetan Duval Airport Herold s distance from the island kept rainfall low with a maximum of 29 mm 1 1 in in Patate Theophile 221 Intense Tropical Cyclone Irondro Edit Intense tropical cyclone MFR Category 3 tropical cyclone SSHWS Duration1 April 6 April Exited basin Peak intensity175 km h 110 mph 10 min 950 hPa mbar On 29 March monsoonal flow led to the formation of a broad area of low pressure in the central region of the South West Indian Ocean basin 222 Showers and thunderstorms began to develop and consolidate in connection with this system south southwest of Diego Garcia 223 224 It was classified by the MFR as a Zone of Disturbed Weather on 31 March and moved slowly during its first two days as an officially designated tropical system 225 Rainbands took shape around the newly formed center of circulation 226 Easterly wind shear impinged upon the system during its early stages but a favorable upper air environment provided suitable conditions for persistent convection 227 On 2 April more favourable conditions for intensification in the wake of a passing equatorial Kelvin wave allowed the storm to a Moderate Tropical Storm the Mauritius Meteorological Services named it Irondro 228 Concurrently the storm began to track towards the southeast in response to a subtropical ridge to its east 229 Irondro s winds increased throughout the day particularly following a large burst of thunderstorms around the centre of the storm reaching Severe Tropical Storm strength by 06 00 UTC on 3 April 225 230 Irondro was upgraded to Tropical Cyclone status at 18 00 UTC on 3 April after developing an intense central dense overcast with some hints of an eye 231 The development of a pinhole eye and tight rainbands by the end of 3 April indicated rapid intensification was underway 232 Early on 6 April Irondro briefly peaked as an Intense Tropical Cyclone with sustained winds of 175 km h 110 mph 225 The storm then traversed a region of increasing wind shear drier air and diminishing oceanic heat content precipitating the storm s weakening 233 The organisation of Irondro s clouds deteriorated throughout 4 April as it was undermined by the steadily increasing wind shear 234 The next day the system weakened to a Severe Tropical Storm as the associated convection moved away from the low level centre of circulation 235 Its swath of storm force winds also began to abate along with the fleeting thunderstorm activity 236 On 6 April Irondro degenerated into a post tropical depression and moved into the Australian cyclone region 225 237 Moderate Tropical Storm Jeruto Edit Moderate tropical storm MFR Tropical storm SSHWS Duration13 April Entered basin 16 AprilPeak intensity75 km h 45 mph 10 min 999 hPa mbar Late on 13 April a developing tropical low crossed over the 90th meridian east from the Australian cyclone region 238 239 The environment was generally favourable for tropical cyclogenesis with warm sea surface temperatures low vertical wind shear and good poleward upper level outflow Microwave satellite imagery indicated that formative convective banding had begun to wrap into the centre of circulation and the JTWC assessed the probability of the system strengthening into a tropical cyclone as medium 240 However MFR reported that there was a lack of substantial convergence from the north in the lower troposphere which they noted could slow or prevent the development of a strong low level circulation before environmental conditions became less favourable for strengthening 241 242 The system was classified as Tropical Depression 12 by MFR at 06 00 UTC on 14 April 238 and the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert a few hours later 243 Convection increased in organisation throughout the night and the system was classified as Tropical Storm 26S by the JTWC at 18 00 UTC It was noted that satellite scatterometer data indicated that the Dvorak technique was underestimating the cyclone s wind speeds at the time 244 On 15 April the depression was said to have strengthened into a moderate tropical storm as convection successfully wrapped around the low level circulation and it was named Jeruto 245 Offset by high wind shear Jeruto began to quickly weaken shortly after being designated as a moderate tropical storm and was downgraded to a tropical depression just 12 hours after being named as convection quickly became displaced south of the center 246 Just 6 hours after this downgrade the JTWC issued its final warning as it became highly disorganized 247 Jeruto was estimated by MFR to have weakened below tropical depression intensity by early on 16 April 248 and the last advisory by the MFR on Jeruto was issued on 16 April as it rapidly dissipated 249 Storm names EditSee also Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming Within the South West Indian Ocean tropical depressions and subtropical depressions that are judged to have 10 minute sustained wind speeds of 65 km h 40 mph by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre on La Reunion Island France RSMC La Reunion are usually assigned a name However it is the Sub Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers in Mauritius and Madagascar who name the systems The Sub Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center in Mauritius names a storm should it intensify into a moderate tropical storm between 55 E and 90 E If instead a cyclone intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 30 E and 55 E then the Sub Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm Storm names are taken from three pre determined lists of names which rotate on a triennial basis with any names that have been used automatically removed Therefore all storm names used this year will be removed from the rotation and replaced with a new name for the 2022 23 season while the unused names will remain on the list 250 New names this season were Ambali Belna Calvinia Diane Esami and Francisco They replaced Abela Bransby Carlos Dineo Enawo and Fernando after the 2016 17 season Ambali Belna Calvinia Diane Esami Francisco Gabekile Herold Irondro Jeruto Kundai unused Lisebo unused Michel unused Nousra unused Olivier unused Pokera unused Quincy unused Rebaone unused Salama unused Tristan unused Ursula unused Violet unused Wilson unused Xila unused Yekela unused Zania unused After the season the ten names used were automatically retired and were replaced with Ashley Balita Cheneso Dingani Enali Fabien Gezani Horacio Indusa and Juluka respectively for the 2022 23 season Seasonal effects EditThis table lists all of the tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones that were monitored during the 2019 20 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season Information on their intensity duration name areas affected primarily comes from RSMC La Reunion Death and damage reports come from either press reports or the relevant national disaster management agency while the damage totals are given in 2019 USD Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage USD Deaths RefsCategory Wind speed PressureOne 22 25 July Zone of disturbed weather 35 km h 25 mph 1001 hPa 29 56 inHg None None NoneBelna 2 11 December Tropical cyclone 155 km h 95 mph 965 hPa 28 50 inHg Seychelles Mayotte Comoros Madagascar gt 25 million 9Ambali 3 7 December Very intense tropical cyclone 220 km h 140 mph 930 hPa 27 46 inHg None None NoneCalvinia 27 December 1 January Tropical cyclone 120 km h 75 mph 970 hPa 28 64 inHg Mauritius Rodrigues Unknown None05 19 23 January Tropical depression 55 km h 35 mph 999 hPa 29 50 inHg None None NoneDiane 22 26 January Severe tropical storm 100 km h 60 mph 990 hPa 29 23 inHg Madagascar Reunion Mauritius Unknown 31Esami 23 26 January Moderate tropical storm 85 km h 50 mph 990 hPa 29 23 inHg Rodrigues Unknown UnknownFrancisco 3 15 February Moderate tropical storm 85 km h 50 mph 994 hPa 29 35 inHg Madagascar Unknown 1Gabekile 13 17 February Intense tropical cyclone 165 km h 105 mph 950 hPa 28 05 inHg None None NoneHerold 12 20 March Intense tropical cyclone 165 km h 105 mph 955 hPa 28 20 inHg Madagascar Tromelin Island Unknown 5Irondro 1 6 April Intense tropical cyclone 175 km h 110 mph 950 hPa 28 05 inHg None None NoneJeruto 13 16 April Moderate tropical storm 75 km h 45 mph 999 hPa 29 50 inHg None None NoneSeason aggregates12 systems 22 July 16 April 220 km h 135 mph 930 hPa 27 46 inHg gt 25 million 46See also Edit Tropical cyclones portalWeather of 2019 and 2020 2019 20 Australian region cyclone season 2019 20 South Pacific cyclone season Atlantic hurricane seasons 2019 2020 List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons 2019 2020 Pacific hurricane seasons 2019 2020 Pacific typhoon seasons 2019 2020 South West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone Tropical cyclones in 2019 and 2020References Edit a b Prevision saisonniere d activite cyclonique dans le Sud Ouest de l ocean Indien Saison 2019 2020 PDF PREVISION SAISONNIERE ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE SWIO 2019 2020 Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 6 December 2019 Summer 2019 2020 Mauritius and Rodrigues Mauritius Meteorological Services 4 November 2019 Archived from the original on 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 19 07 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 19 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 21 07 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 21 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 a b c Cyclone 01 20192020 Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 12 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 23 07 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 23 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 1 1 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 1 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 23 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 1 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 1 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 24 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 24 07 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 24 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 26 07 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 26 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 27 07 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 24 July 2019 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 25 11 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 November 2019 Retrieved 28 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 27 11 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 27 November 2019 Retrieved 28 November 2019 a b Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 28 11 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 28 November 2019 Retrieved 28 November 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 29 November 0330 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 28 November 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 01 12 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 1 December 2019 Retrieved 1 December 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 30 November 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 30 November 2019 a b c d Cyclone 02 20192020 Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 3 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 2 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 2 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 December 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 2 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 2 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 December 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2019 Tropical Cyclone 02S Two Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 4 December 2019 Retrieved 5 December 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 6 2 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 2 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 December 2019 Retrieved 5 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 7 2 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 2 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 December 2019 Retrieved 5 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 11 2 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale Belna PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 13 2 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale Belna PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 14 2 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale Belna PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Tropical Cyclone 02S Belna Warning NR 006 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 15 2 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical Belna PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 a b Southern Africa Low pressure system Flash Update No 1 PDF ReliefWeb United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 4 December 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2019 Southern Africa Ambali amp Belna Cyclones Flash Update No 2 PDF ReliefWeb United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 6 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Rakotondravola Andry 6 December 2019 Mayotte en Pre alerte Cyclonique in French France TV Retrieved 6 December 2019 Belna Mayotte en alerte orange IPReunion com Imaz Press Reunion 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Mayotte Le cyclone Belna se renforce et se fait plus menacant Ouest France in French Agence France Presse 6 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Belna est desormais un cyclone Mayotte se prepare Synthese in French France TV 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Perzo Anne 7 December 2019 Cyclone Belna les lieux d hebergement d urgence par commune Actualise Le Journal De Mayotte Le Journal de Mayotte Retrieved 7 December 2019 Southern Africa Cyclone Belna Flash Update No 3 As of 9 December 2019 PDF ReliefWeb United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 9 December 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 BBELNA a Mayotte in French France TV 9 December 2019 Retrieved 9 December 2019 El ciclon tropical Belna toca tierra en el noroeste de Madagascar y provoca inundaciones in Spanish Europa Press Europa Press 9 December 2019 Retrieved 10 December 2019 Tetaud Sarah 10 December 2019 Cyclone hits Madagascar killing 9 and making 1 400 homeless Associated Press Retrieved 10 December 2019 Antonia Mamisoa 9 December 2019 Cyclone Belna La ville d Antsiranana inodee L Express de Madagascar Retrieved 10 December 2019 Southern Africa Cyclone Belna Flash Update No 4 As of 10 December 2019 PDF ReliefWeb United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 10 December 2019 Retrieved 11 December 2019 2019 Annual Report PDF Reinsurance Thought Leadership Report Weather Climate amp Catastrophe Insight London United Kingdom Aon 22 January 2019 Retrieved 31 January 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 03 12 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 3 December 2019 Retrieved 3 December 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 3 December 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 3 December 2019 a b c d e f Cyclone 03 20192020 Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 16 September 2021 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 3 3 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 3 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 December 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 3 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 3 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 December 2019 Retrieved 4 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 3 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 December 2019 Retrieved 5 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 8 3 20192020 a Forte Tempeter Tropicale Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 December 2019 Retrieved 5 December 2019 Tropical Cyclone 03S Ambali Warning NR 002 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 5 December 2019 Retrieved 5 December 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tropical Cyclone 03S Ambali Warning NR 004 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 5 December 2019 Retrieved 5 December 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 9 3 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical Tres Intense Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Meteo AMBALI diventa un super ciclone sull Oceano Indiano in 24 ore in Italian Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata 6 December 2019 Archived from the original on 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 A Definitions de base FAQ in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 6 December 2019 a b Tropical Cyclone 03S Ambali Warning NR 005 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Belles Jonathan 7 December 2019 Three Tropical Cyclones Lurked Near Africa this Week and One Set a Rapid Intensification Record The Weather Channel TWC Product and Technology LLC Retrieved 7 December 2019 Klotzbach Philip philklotzbach 5 December 2019 Ambali has intensified by a whopping 115 mph in the past 24 hours the most rapid intensification in a 24 hour period by a Southern Hemisphere named storm on record since 1980 breaking the old record of 110 mph in 24 hours set by Ernie in 2017 hurricane cyclone Tweet Retrieved 5 December 2019 via Twitter Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 11 3 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical Intense Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 12 3 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 December 2019 Retrieved 6 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 14 3 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 15 3 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 16 3 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 7 December 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 18 3 20192020 a Depression Residuelle Ambali PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 8 December 2019 Retrieved 8 December 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 16 December 1100 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 16 December 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 18 December 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 18 December 2019 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert Invest 96S Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 18 December 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 19 December 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 19 December 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 20 December 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 20 December 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 19 12 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 19 December 2019 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 22 12 2019 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 December 2019 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 25 December 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 25 December 2019 a b Cyclone 04 20192020 Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 28 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 1 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 4 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 28 December 2019 Retrieved 28 December 2019 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert Invest 96S Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 28 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 5 4 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 4 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 28 December 2019 Retrieved 29 December 2019 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 6 4 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 29 December 2019 Retrieved 30 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 7 4 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 29 December 2019 Retrieved 30 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 8 4 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 30 December 2019 Retrieved 30 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 9 4 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale Moderee PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 30 December 2019 Retrieved 30 December 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 10 4 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale Moderee PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 30 December 2019 Retrieved 30 December 2019 Tropical Cyclone 05S Sarai Warning NR 003 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 30 December 2019 Retrieved 31 December 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin 31 12 2019 1800 UTC CALVINIA Bulletin CMRS Meteo France Reunion 31 December 2019 Bulletin 01 01 2020 1800 UTC EX CALVINIA Bulletin CMRS Meteo France Reunion 1 January 2020 a b Calvinia Le cyclone s intensifie et frappe l Ile Maurice la Reunion en pre alerte cyclonique Calvinia The cyclone intensified and hit Mauritius Reunion in cyclonic pre alert in French Ouest France 30 December 2019 Archived from the original on 30 December 2019 Retrieved 30 December 2019 a b c Mauritius closes main airport as cyclone Calvinia approaches Reuters 30 December 2019 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Warning System Mauritius Meteorological Services Vacoas Phoenix Mauritius Mauritius Meteorological Services Retrieved 31 December 2019 a b Bhuckory Kamlesh 30 December 2019 Cyclone Alert Forces Mauritius to Close Stock Exchange Airport Bloomberg Business Bloomberg Bloomberg Retrieved 31 December 2019 Calvinia s est rapprochee Calvinia gets Closer L Express in French La Sentinelle Ltd La Redaction 30 December 2019 Retrieved 31 December 2019 a b Nancoo Hansa Grimaud Carole Luckoo Priya St Pierre Patrick 31 December 2019 Tempete tropicale vague de colere Tempete tropicale vague de colere L Express in French La Sentinelle Ltd Retrieved 31 December 2019 a b Tempete Calvinia levee de la pre alerte jaune cyclonique Calvinia storm lifting of the cyclonic yellow pre alert Imaz Press Reunion in French IMAZPRESS Imaz Press Reunion 31 December 2019 Retrieved 31 December 2019 Philippon Laura 31 December 2019 Calvinia s eloigne de La Reunion la pre alerte cyclonique est levee le point sur la situation Calvinia moves away from Reunion the cyclonic pre alert is lifted update on the situation in French France TV Retrieved 31 December 2019 a b Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 11 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 11 January 2020 Retrieved 21 January 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 15 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 January 2020 Retrieved 21 January 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 17 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 17 January 2020 Retrieved 21 January 2020 permanent dead link a b Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 18 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 18 January 2020 Retrieved 21 January 2020 a b c Cyclone 05 20192020 Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 21 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 1 5 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 5 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 21 January 2020 Retrieved 21 January 2020 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 5 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 5 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 22 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 3 5 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 5 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 22 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2020 Tropical Cyclone 09S Nine Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 22 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 5 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 5 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 23 January 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 5 5 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 5 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 23 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2020 Tropical Cyclone 09S Nine Warning NR 003 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 23 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2019 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 23 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 23 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 19 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 19 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2020 a b c Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 22 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 22 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 6 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 6 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 23 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 6 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 6 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 23 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 6 6 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 6 PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 24 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 7 6 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 6 Diane PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 24 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 10 6 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 6 Diane PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 13 6 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 6 Diane PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 January 2020 Retrieved 26 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 14 6 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 6 Diane PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 26 January 2020 Retrieved 26 January 2020 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 16 6 20192020 a Depression Post Tropicale 6 Diane PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 26 January 2020 Retrieved 26 January 2020 Ex Esami Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 30 January 2019 Kelly Maura 24 January 2020 Tropical downpours claim over 20 lives and devastate land throughout northwestern Madagascar AccuWeather AccuWeather Inc Retrieved 24 January 2020 a b c d Madagascar Heavy rains and floods Flash Update No 1 As of 26 January 2020 ReliefWeb Report United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsMadagascar Heavy rains and floods Flash Update No 1 As of 26 January 2020 26 January 2020 Retrieved 26 January 2020 a b Degats des precipitations Treize morts dix neuf disparus L Express de Madagascar in French L Express de Madagascar 24 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 Pre alerte jaune cyclonique Systeme n 6 a partir de 10h in French France TV 23 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 a b Philippon Laura 23 January 2020 La Reunion placee en alerte cyclonique orange depuis 22h in French France TV Retrieved 24 January 2020 Le Sud sous l eau suite au passage de Diane in French Clicanoo re Clicanoo 26 January 2020 Retrieved 26 January 2020 Philippon Laura 24 January 2020 Routes trafic aerien universite centres d hebergement suivez l evolution de la tempete tropicale Diane pres de La Reunion DIRECT in French France TV Retrieved 24 January 2020 Tempete tropicale moderee Diane Maurice passe en alerte 3 L Express in French La Sentinelle Ltd La Redaction 24 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 a b Flore Eileen Lepoigneur Florian 25 January 2020 Diane l alerte levee mais toujours aucun vol sur Rodrigues ce samedi L Express in French La Sentinelle Ltd Retrieved 25 January 2020 Tempete tropicale Diane plus de mille sinistres se rendent dans des centres de refuge in French Planet FM Radio 25 January 2020 Archived from the original on 26 January 2020 Retrieved 26 January 2020 Philippon Laura 24 January 2020 Le trafic aerien perturbe a La Reunion par la tempete tropicale Diane in French France TV Retrieved 24 January 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 16 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 16 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 LH 22 January 2020 Une depression tropicale venue de Madagascar attendue pour vendredi soir in French France TV Retrieved 24 January 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 21 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 21 January 2020 Retrieved 23 January 2020 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 1 7 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 7 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 24 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 a b Ex Esami Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 24 January 2019 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 7 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 7 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 24 January 2020 Retrieved 24 January 2020 Tropical Cyclone 11S Eleven Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 24 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 7 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee Esami PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 5 7 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee Esami PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 6 7 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee Esami PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 7 7 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee Esami PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 25 January 2020 Retrieved 25 January 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 10 7 20192020 a Depression Post Tropicale 7 Ex Esami PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 26 January 2020 Retrieved 26 January 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 31 01 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 31 January 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 01 02 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 1 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 1 February 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 1 February 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 02 02 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 3 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 a b c d e f g Francisco Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 6 February 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 1 8 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 8 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Tropical Cyclone 13S Thirteen Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 4 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 8 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 8 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 8 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 5 8 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 6 8 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Tropical Cyclone 13S Francisco Warning NR 003 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 5 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 7 8 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Tropical Cyclone 13S Francisco Warning NR 004 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 6 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 9 8 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 11 8 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 7 February 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 13 8 20192020 a Depression Se Comblant 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 7 February 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 a b Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 12 02 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 12 February 2020 Retrieved 24 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 13 8 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 13 February 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 Tropical Cyclone 13S Francisco Warning NR 006 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 14 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 15 8 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 February 2020 Retrieved 17 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 16 8 20192020 a Depression Sur Terre 8 Francisco PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 February 2020 Retrieved 17 February 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 16 02 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 16 February 2020 Retrieved 17 February 2020 Toetr andro Hitondra orana betsaka ilay rivo doza Francisco in Malagasy AoRaha 13 February 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 Madagascar Tropical Cyclone FRANCISCO GDACS JTWC Meteo Madagascar Meteo France La Reunion media ECHO Daily Flash of 14 February 2020 European Commission s Directorate General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations 14 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 via ReliefWeb L ex tempete Francisco menace Madagascar Imaz Press Reunion in French IMAZPRESS Imaz Press Reunion 14 February 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 Antonia Mamisoa 14 February 2020 Meteo Une depression tropicale s annonce a l Est Report LExpress mg L Express de Madagascar Retrieved 14 February 2020 Antonia Mamisoa 17 February 2020 Inondation a Mahanoro Plus de mille sinistres et un enfant disparu L Express de Madagascar Retrieved 17 February 2020 Francisco un mort et plus d un millier de sinistres a Madagascar IPReunion com Imaz Press Reunion 17 February 2020 Retrieved 17 February 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 09 02 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 9 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 a b c d e Gabekile Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 21 February 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 1 9 20192020 a Perturbation Tropicale 9 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 14 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 3 9 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 9 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 9 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 9 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 6 9 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 16 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 7 9 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 16 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 8 9 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 16 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 9 9 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 16 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 12 9 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 17 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 14 9 20192020 a Depression Residuelle 9 Gabekile PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 18 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 19 02 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 19 February 2020 Retrieved 21 February 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 01 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 1 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 02 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 2 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 01 March 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 1 March 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 02 March 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 2 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 03 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 3 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 a b Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 03 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 04 March 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 4 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 05 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 06 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 08 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 8 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 10 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 10 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 11 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 11 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 08 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 9 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 12 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 12 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 1 10 20192020 a Zone Perturbee 10 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 12 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 a b c d e Herold Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 20 March 2019 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 10 20192020 a Depression Tropicale 10 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 13 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 a b Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 4 10 20192020 a Tropicale Moderee 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 13 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 8 10 20192020 a Tropicale Moderee 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 14 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 9 10 20192020 a Tropicale Moderee 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 14 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 10 10 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 14 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 11 10 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 13 10 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 15 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 21 10 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 17 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 22 10 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 17 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 a b Floch Fabrice 17 March 2019 Ile Maurice Herold passe a 220 km a l Est et se dirige vers Rodrigues in French France TV Retrieved 20 March 2020 a b c Floch Fabrice 18 March 2019 Rodrigues Herold fait plus de peur que de mal in French France TV Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 23 10 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 18 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 25 10 20192020 a Tropicale Moderee 10 Herold PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 18 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 19 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 19 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Tropical Cyclone 22S Herold Warning NR 014 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 19 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Tempete tropicale Herold le District d Antalaha place en alerte verte Orange in French Orange Madagascar 13 March 2020 Retrieved 15 March 2020 Tempete tropicale Herold alerte jaune lancee pour la region Analanjirofo Orange in French Orange Madagascar 13 March 2020 Retrieved 14 March 2020 a b Sava et Analanjirofo Plus de trois mille sinistres de Herold L Express de Madagascar in French L Express de Madagascar 17 March 2020 Retrieved 18 March 2020 Tropical Cyclone Herold forms off the coast of Madagascar Al Jazeera Al Jazeera Media Network 14 March 2020 Retrieved 15 March 2020 ACT Alliance Alert Madagascar Cyclone 20 March 2020 PDF Switzerland ACT Alliance 20 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 via ReliefWeb Floch Fabrice 17 March 2019 Madagascar Herold fait 4 morts et 3 200 sinistres in French France TV Retrieved 17 March 2020 Cyclone Herold Maurice passe en alerte 1 L Express in French La Sentinelle Ltd La Redaction 15 March 2020 Retrieved 15 March 2020 Herold toujours en alerte 2 pas d ecole en ce mardi 17 mars L Express in French La Sentinelle Ltd La Redaction 17 March 2020 Retrieved 17 March 2020 St Pierre Patrick 18 March 2020 Herold black out a Rodrigues L Express in French La Sentinelle Ltd Retrieved 20 March 2020 Meteo Retour d un anticyclone a partir de lundi Le Mauricien in French Le Mauricien Ltee 18 March 2020 Retrieved 20 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 29 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 29 March 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 31 March 0030 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 31 March 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 31 03 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 31 March 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 a b c d Ex Irondro Saison en cours sur le sud Ouest de l Ocean Indien in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion Retrieved 10 April 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 31 March 1800 UTC Report Pearl Harbor Hawaii United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 31 March 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 1 11 20192020 a Zone Peturbee 11 PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 1 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 2 11 20192020 a Tempete Tropicale Moderee 11 Irondro PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 2 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Tropical Cyclone 24S Irondro Warning NR 001 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 2 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 5 11 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 11 Irondro PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 3 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 8 11 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical 11 Irondro PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 3 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Tropical Cyclone 24S Irondro Warning NR 004 Tropical Cyclone Warning United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center 3 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 via Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 10 11 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical Intense 11 Irondro PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 12 11 20192020 a Cyclone Tropical 12 Irondro PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 4 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 11 11 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 11 Irondro PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Bulletin D Analyse et de Prevision Cyclonique Sud Ouest Ocean Indien 16 11 20192020 a Forte Tempete Tropicale 11 Irondro PDF Liste des bulletins CMRS Report in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 5 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 Bulletin Sur L Activite Cyclonique et les Conditions Meteorologiques Tropicales Sur le Sud Ouest de L Ocean Indien Le 06 04 2020 a 1200 UTC PDF Liste des bulletins ZCIT Tropical Bulletin in French Saint Denis Reunion Meteo France La Reunion 6 April 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2020 a b Tropical Depression 12 Analysis Bulletin 1 06Z PDF Meteo France La Reunion 14 April 2020 Retrieved 14 April 2020 Western Region Tropical Cyclone Outlook Australian Bureau of Meteorology 14 April 2020 Archived from the original on 14 April 2020 Retrieved 14 April 2020 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 0130Z Joint Typhoon Warning Center Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command 14 April 2020 Archived from the original on 14 April 2020 Retrieved 14 April 2020 Tropical Cyclone Activity Bulletin for the South West Indian Ocean PDF Meteo France La Reunion 12 April 2020 Retrieved 14 April 2020 Tropical Cyclone Activity Bulletin for the South West Indian Ocean PDF Meteo France La Reunion 13 April 2020 Retrieved 14 April 2020 Invest 93S Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 15Z Joint Typhoon Warning Center Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command 14 April 2020 Archived from the original on 14 April 2020 Retrieved 14 April 2020 Tropical Cyclone 26S Warning 1 18Z Joint Typhoon Warning Center Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command 14 April 2020 Archived from the original on 15 April 2020 Retrieved 15 April 2020 CMRS CENTRE DES CYCLONES TROPICAUX DE LA REUNION BULLETIN D ANALYSE ET DE PREVISION CYCLONIQUE SUD OUEST OCEAN INDIEN 0 A NUMERO DU BULLETIN 3 12 20192020 1 A TEMPETE TROPICALE MODEREE 12 JERUTO PDF Meteo France La Reunion CMRS CENTRE DES CYCLONES TROPICAUX DE LA REUNION BULLETIN D ANALYSE ET DE PREVISION CYCLONIQUE SUD OUEST OCEAN INDIEN 0 A NUMERO DU BULLETIN 5 12 20192020 1 A DEPRESSION TROPICALE 12 JERUTO PDF Meteo France La Reunion 15 April 2020 Tropical cyclone 26S Jeruto warning NR 03 15 April 2020 Archived from the original on 15 April 2020 Retrieved 15 April 2020 WTIO31 FMEE 160028 CMRS CENTRE DES CYCLONES TROPICAUX DE LA REUNION BULLETIN D ANALYSE ET DE PREVISION CYCLONIQUE SUD OUEST OCEAN INDIEN 0 A NUMERO DU BULLETIN 6 12 20192020 1 A DEPRESSION RESIDUELLE 12 JERUTO PDF Meteo France La Reunion 16 April 2020 0 A NUMERO DU BULLETIN 6 12 20192020 1 A DEPRESSION RESIDUELLE 12 JERUTO 2 A POSITION A 0000 UTC LE 16 04 2020 DANS UN RAYON DE 40 MN AUTOUR DU POINT 16 7 S 82 7 E SEIZE DEGRES SEPT SUD ET QUATRE VINGT DEUX DEGRES SEPT EST DEPLACEMENT OUEST SUD OUEST 7 KT PDF Meteo France La Reunion Regional Association I Tropical Cyclone Committee 2016 Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South West Indian Ocean PDF World Meteorological Organization Retrieved 5 October 2016 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2019 20 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season Meteo France La Reunion Direction Generale de la Meteorologie de Madagascar Mauritius Meteorological Services Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2019 20 South West Indian Ocean cyclone season amp oldid 1128661098 Moderate Tropical Storm Jeruto, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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