The Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1825 or the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, officially the Convention Concerning the Limits of Their Respective Possessions on the Northwest Coast of America and the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean,[1] defined the boundaries between Russian America and British claims and possessions of the Pacific Coast, and the later Yukon and Arctic regions of North America. It was agreed that along the coast at the southern tip of Prince of Wales island (now known as parallel 54°40′ north) northward to the 56 parallel, with the island wholly belonging to Russia, then to 10 marine leagues (56 km) inland going north and west to the 141st meridian west and then north to the "Frozen Ocean", the current Alaska/Canadian Yukon boundary, would be the boundary. The coastal limit had, the year before, been established as the limit of overlapping American claims in the parallel Russo-American Treaty of 1824. The Russian sphere in the region was later sold to the United States, eventually becoming the State of Alaska, while the British claim, along the coast to the south of parallel 54°40′ is now the coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia,[2][3] and for inland regions it defined the western limit of what became the modern day Canadian territory of Yukon. It also defined associated rights and obligations concerning waters and ports in the region. The treaty, in establishing a vague division of coastal Russian interests and inland British interests between 56 and 60 degrees north latitude, led to conflicting interpretations of the meaning of the treaty's wording which later manifested in the Alaska Boundary Dispute between the United States on the one hand, and Canada (with Britain acting, in foreign affairs, on behalf of Canada) on the other.
Treaty of Saint Petersburg
Convention Concerning the Limits of Their Respective Possessions on the Northwest Coast of America and the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean
Other terms of the treaty, including the right to navigation by British vessels to both commerce in the region affected, and also access to rivers crossing the designated coastal boundary, were exercised by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1834 but were met with opposition by then Russian-American Company Governor Wrangel in the form of warships and a blockade. This conflict, known as the Dryad affair,[4] led to the RAC-HBC Agreement, in which the RAC agreed to lease the mainland coastal portion of the region south of Cape Spencer at the entrance to Cross Sound and the HBC promised to supply Russian America settlements with foodstuffs and manufactured goods. In addition the HBC waived its demand for payments for damages incurred during the Dryad affair.[5] The same clauses enabled British access to the Stikine River goldfields in 1862 but were not assumed by the Americans upon their purchase of Russian interests in 1867, resulting in further conflict over British rights of access to the inland regions. The treaty's terms pertaining to the Arctic Ocean (referred to as the "Frozen Ocean" in the treaty) also played a part in the terms of the Bering Sea Arbitration and other decisions in Alaskan/US courts over marine and offshore interests.
Hodgins, Thomas. The Alaska-Canada Boundary Dispute: Under the Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1825; the Russian-American Alaska Treaty of 1867; and the Anglo-American Conventions of 1892, 1894 and 1897. An Historical and Legal Review (W. Tyrrell and Company, 1903). online
External linksEdit
Convention Between Great Britain and Russia, 1825 (Treaty of St. Petersburg)
October 19, 2023
treaty, saint, petersburg, 1825, other, uses, treaty, saint, petersburg, treaty, saint, petersburg, 1825, anglo, russian, convention, 1825, officially, convention, concerning, limits, their, respective, possessions, northwest, coast, america, navigation, pacif. For other uses see Treaty of Saint Petersburg The Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1825 or the Anglo Russian Convention of 1825 officially the Convention Concerning the Limits of Their Respective Possessions on the Northwest Coast of America and the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean 1 defined the boundaries between Russian America and British claims and possessions of the Pacific Coast and the later Yukon and Arctic regions of North America It was agreed that along the coast at the southern tip of Prince of Wales island now known as parallel 54 40 north northward to the 56 parallel with the island wholly belonging to Russia then to 10 marine leagues 56 km inland going north and west to the 141st meridian west and then north to the Frozen Ocean the current Alaska Canadian Yukon boundary would be the boundary The coastal limit had the year before been established as the limit of overlapping American claims in the parallel Russo American Treaty of 1824 The Russian sphere in the region was later sold to the United States eventually becoming the State of Alaska while the British claim along the coast to the south of parallel 54 40 is now the coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia 2 3 and for inland regions it defined the western limit of what became the modern day Canadian territory of Yukon It also defined associated rights and obligations concerning waters and ports in the region The treaty in establishing a vague division of coastal Russian interests and inland British interests between 56 and 60 degrees north latitude led to conflicting interpretations of the meaning of the treaty s wording which later manifested in the Alaska Boundary Dispute between the United States on the one hand and Canada with Britain acting in foreign affairs on behalf of Canada on the other Treaty of Saint PetersburgConvention Concerning the Limits of Their Respective Possessions on the Northwest Coast of America and the Navigation of the Pacific OceanSigned28 February 1825 1825 02 28 LocationSaint Petersburg RussiaNegotiatorsKarl NesselrodePyotr Ivanovich PoletikaStratford CanningParties Russia United KingdomLanguageRussian French Russian America on a mapOther terms of the treaty including the right to navigation by British vessels to both commerce in the region affected and also access to rivers crossing the designated coastal boundary were exercised by the Hudson s Bay Company in 1834 but were met with opposition by then Russian American Company Governor Wrangel in the form of warships and a blockade This conflict known as the Dryad affair 4 led to the RAC HBC Agreement in which the RAC agreed to lease the mainland coastal portion of the region south of Cape Spencer at the entrance to Cross Sound and the HBC promised to supply Russian America settlements with foodstuffs and manufactured goods In addition the HBC waived its demand for payments for damages incurred during the Dryad affair 5 The same clauses enabled British access to the Stikine River goldfields in 1862 but were not assumed by the Americans upon their purchase of Russian interests in 1867 resulting in further conflict over British rights of access to the inland regions The treaty s terms pertaining to the Arctic Ocean referred to as the Frozen Ocean in the treaty also played a part in the terms of the Bering Sea Arbitration and other decisions in Alaskan US courts over marine and offshore interests Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksSee also EditStikine Territory North Western Territory Atlin District Maritime fur tradeReferences Edit International Environmental Law Reports Vol 1 ed A R Robb Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press 1999 p 560 A Merged History of Canada and The United States Bill Jones ExploreNorth com website see section 1825 Anglo Russian Convention Chronology of Alaska and Yukon history J W Shelest The Dryad Affair Corporate Warfare and Anglo Russian Rivalry for the Alaskan Lisiere 1989 The Hudson s Bay Company page 154Further reading EditHodgins Thomas The Alaska Canada Boundary Dispute Under the Anglo Russian Treaty of 1825 the Russian American Alaska Treaty of 1867 and the Anglo American Conventions of 1892 1894 and 1897 An Historical and Legal Review W Tyrrell and Company 1903 onlineExternal links EditConvention Between Great Britain and Russia 1825 Treaty of St Petersburg Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Treaty of Saint Petersburg 1825 amp oldid 1145183084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
