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Tomitarō Horii

January 01, 1970

Tomitarō Horii (堀井 富太郎, Horii Tomitarō, November 7, 1890 – November 23, 1942) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. After graduating from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1911, Horii served in China before undertaking a variety of regimental appointments. Following Japan's entry into World War II, he commanded a division during the capture of Guam before commanding the Japanese force that had been given the task of capturing Port Moresby. In November 1942, in the retreat from Oivi–Gorari, Horii drowned while attempting to canoe down the Kumusi River to reach Japanese forces defending Buna–Gona. His canoe was swept out to sea and capsized.

Tomitarō Horii
Rikugun Shōshō Tomitarō Horii
Born(1890-11-07)November 7, 1890
Hyōgo prefecture, Japan
DiedNovember 23, 1942(1942-11-23) (aged 52)
New Guinea
AllegianceEmpire of Japan
Service/branch Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service1911–42
RankLieutenant General
Commands held55th Infantry Division
Battles/warsSecond Sino-Japanese War
World War II

Biography edit

Born in Hyōgo Prefecture, Horii became an infantry officer following his graduation from the 23rd class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1911.[1] He was later assigned to the headquarters of the Shanghai Expeditionary Army, and in early 1932 during the prelude to the Second Sino-Japanese War, was involved in the January 28 Incident.[2]

From 1935 to 1937, Horii was attached to the IJA 12th Infantry Regiment, having previously attended Waseda University. He became commander of the IJA 78th Infantry Regiment in 1938, after his promotion to colonel the previous year. In March 1940, Horii was promoted to major general.[2] The following year Horii was appointed commander of the Nankai-Detachment (Nankai-Shitai（南海支隊）) of the IJA 55th Division, part of the South Seas Force. Horii led this organization in the Japanese invasion and subsequent capture of Guam during December 8–10, 1941; following this engagement, Horii served briefly as the Japanese military Governor of Guam.[citation needed]

During the New Guinea campaign, Horii and his South Seas Force were assigned to the invasion of Port Moresby, but were turned back after the escorting naval force was attacked by Allied forces during the Battle of the Coral Sea.[3][4] The Japanese then planned an overland attack to capture the town by advancing from the north coast. In July 1942, they landed to established beachheads at Buna, Gona and Sanananda.[5] This marked the beginning of the Kokoda Track campaign. The South Seas Force, under Horii's command, advanced using the Kokoda Track to cross the rugged Owen Stanley Range.[6]

By 16 September, after heavy fighting against a small Australian Army force, Horii's command had advanced as far as Ioribaiwa, and was close enough to see the lights of Port Moresby.[7] In light of reverses at Guadalcanal, the Japanese command determined it could not support both battles and, on 23 September,[8] Horii was ordered to withdraw his troops on the Kokoda Track until the issue at Guadalcanal was decided. Limited provision had been made for the resupply of Horii's force and, by this time, the situation had reached a crisis.[9] On 26 September, the Japanese commenced to withdraw from the front line.[10] They fought a well-ordered rear-guard action back over the Owen Stanley Range, with the Australian forces in close pursuit.[11]

Horii's force had been severely depleted by lack of supply but at Oivi, near the northern end of the Kokoda Track, Horii's force received both resupply and reinforcement. The Japanese suffered heavily in the battle around Oivi–Gorari from 4 to 11 November, and the well-ordered withdrawal that had been planned quickly disintegrated into a rout.[12] The Australians crossed the Kumusi River at Wairopi on 16 November and were now about 65 km (40 mi) from Buna–Gona.[13][notes 1]

The flooded river blocked the retreat of Horii's force. Horii decided to raft down the river with a small party so he might more quickly reach the Buna–Gona positions that were being threatened by the Australian advance. Gunfire had been heard from the coast. When the raft became snagged on trees, he took to a canoe that was found by the river's edge. The canoe was swept out to sea and capsized during a storm. Horii drowned but his orderly survived to report his death.[16] Horii was posthumously promoted to lieutenant general.[17]

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Anderson reports the distance as 25 mi (40 km).[14] This is consistent with the straight-line distance indicated by maps in other sources.[15]

References edit

  1. ^ Dupuy 1992.
  2. ^ a b Ammenthorp, Steen. "Horii, Tomitaro". The Generals of World War II. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  3. ^ Horner 1993, p. 10.
  4. ^ Bullard 2007, pp. 48–50 & 85.
  5. ^ McCarthy 1959, pp. 122–125; Bullard 2007, pp. 106–107.
  6. ^ Bullard 2007, pp. 94–176; Milner 1957, pp. 54–121; McCarthy 1959, pp. 108–146 & 193–228.
  7. ^ Smith 2000, pp. 162–193.
  8. ^ Bullard 2007, p. 159.
  9. ^ Bullard 2007, pp. 159 & 166.
  10. ^ Bullard 2007, p. 160.
  11. ^ Milner 1957, pp. 98–104.
  12. ^ Milner 1957, p. 121.
  13. ^ McCarthy 1959, p. 418; James 2009, trek map; Milner 1957, p. 147.
  14. ^ Anderson 1992, p. 7.
  15. ^ Milner 1957, p. 127; McCarthy 1959, p. 385.
  16. ^ Bullard 2007, pp. 173–175.
  17. ^ Hayashi 1959, p. 224 cited in James 2009, p. 69.

Bibliography edit

  • Anderson, Charles (1992). Papua. The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II. Vol. 11. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 978-0-16-035883-8.
  • Bullard (2007). Bôeichô Bôei Kenshûjo Senshishitsu (ed.). Japanese Army Operations in the South Pacific Area New Britain and Papua Campaigns, 1942–43. Translated by Steven Bullard. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. ISBN 978-0-9751904-8-7.
  • Dupuy, Trevor N. (1992). Encyclopedia of Military Biography. London: I B Tauris & Co. ISBN 1-85043-569-3. OCLC 59974268.
  • Gamble, Bruce (2001). Darkest Hour: The True Story of Lark Force at Rabaul – Australia's Worst Military Disaster of World War II. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press. ISBN 0-7603-2349-6. OCLC 71288724.
  • Hayashi, Saburō (1959). Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps. Association. OCLC 1133179.
  • Horner, David (May 1993). "Defending Australia in 1942". War & Society. 11 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1179/072924793791198886.
  • James, Karl (2009). ""The Track": A Historical Desktop Study of the Kokoda Track" (PDF). Commonwealth Department of the Environment. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  • McCarthy, Dudley (1959). South – West Pacific Area – First Year: Kokoda to Wau. Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Series 1—Army. Volume V (1st ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3134247.
  • Milner, Samuel (1957). Victory in Papua. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army. LCCN 56-60004.
  • Smith, Michael (2000). Bloody Ridge: The Battle That Saved Guadalcanal. New York: Pocket. ISBN 0-7434-6321-8.

External links edit

  • Chen, Peter. "Horii, Tomitaro". WW2 Database.

January 01, 1970
tomitarō, horii, 堀井, 富太郎, horii, tomitarō, november, 1890, november, 1942, lieutenant, general, imperial, japanese, army, during, world, after, graduating, from, imperial, japanese, army, academy, 1911, horii, served, china, before, undertaking, variety, regim. Tomitarō Horii 堀井 富太郎 Horii Tomitarō November 7 1890 November 23 1942 was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II After graduating from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1911 Horii served in China before undertaking a variety of regimental appointments Following Japan s entry into World War II he commanded a division during the capture of Guam before commanding the Japanese force that had been given the task of capturing Port Moresby In November 1942 in the retreat from Oivi Gorari Horii drowned while attempting to canoe down the Kumusi River to reach Japanese forces defending Buna Gona His canoe was swept out to sea and capsized Tomitarō HoriiRikugun Shōshō Tomitarō HoriiBorn 1890 11 07 November 7 1890Hyōgo prefecture JapanDiedNovember 23 1942 1942 11 23 aged 52 New GuineaAllegianceEmpire of JapanService wbr branchImperial Japanese ArmyYears of service1911 42RankLieutenant GeneralCommands held55th Infantry DivisionBattles warsSecond Sino Japanese WarWorld War II Contents 1 Biography 2 Footnotes 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksBiography editBorn in Hyōgo Prefecture Horii became an infantry officer following his graduation from the 23rd class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1911 1 He was later assigned to the headquarters of the Shanghai Expeditionary Army and in early 1932 during the prelude to the Second Sino Japanese War was involved in the January 28 Incident 2 From 1935 to 1937 Horii was attached to the IJA 12th Infantry Regiment having previously attended Waseda University He became commander of the IJA 78th Infantry Regiment in 1938 after his promotion to colonel the previous year In March 1940 Horii was promoted to major general 2 The following year Horii was appointed commander of the Nankai Detachment Nankai Shitai 南海支隊 of the IJA 55th Division part of the South Seas Force Horii led this organization in the Japanese invasion and subsequent capture of Guam during December 8 10 1941 following this engagement Horii served briefly as the Japanese military Governor of Guam citation needed During the New Guinea campaign Horii and his South Seas Force were assigned to the invasion of Port Moresby but were turned back after the escorting naval force was attacked by Allied forces during the Battle of the Coral Sea 3 4 The Japanese then planned an overland attack to capture the town by advancing from the north coast In July 1942 they landed to established beachheads at Buna Gona and Sanananda 5 This marked the beginning of the Kokoda Track campaign The South Seas Force under Horii s command advanced using the Kokoda Track to cross the rugged Owen Stanley Range 6 By 16 September after heavy fighting against a small Australian Army force Horii s command had advanced as far as Ioribaiwa and was close enough to see the lights of Port Moresby 7 In light of reverses at Guadalcanal the Japanese command determined it could not support both battles and on 23 September 8 Horii was ordered to withdraw his troops on the Kokoda Track until the issue at Guadalcanal was decided Limited provision had been made for the resupply of Horii s force and by this time the situation had reached a crisis 9 On 26 September the Japanese commenced to withdraw from the front line 10 They fought a well ordered rear guard action back over the Owen Stanley Range with the Australian forces in close pursuit 11 Horii s force had been severely depleted by lack of supply but at Oivi near the northern end of the Kokoda Track Horii s force received both resupply and reinforcement The Japanese suffered heavily in the battle around Oivi Gorari from 4 to 11 November and the well ordered withdrawal that had been planned quickly disintegrated into a rout 12 The Australians crossed the Kumusi River at Wairopi on 16 November and were now about 65 km 40 mi from Buna Gona 13 notes 1 The flooded river blocked the retreat of Horii s force Horii decided to raft down the river with a small party so he might more quickly reach the Buna Gona positions that were being threatened by the Australian advance Gunfire had been heard from the coast When the raft became snagged on trees he took to a canoe that was found by the river s edge The canoe was swept out to sea and capsized during a storm Horii drowned but his orderly survived to report his death 16 Horii was posthumously promoted to lieutenant general 17 Footnotes edit Anderson reports the distance as 25 mi 40 km 14 This is consistent with the straight line distance indicated by maps in other sources 15 References edit Dupuy 1992 a b Ammenthorp Steen Horii Tomitaro The Generals of World War II Retrieved 14 January 2015 Horner 1993 p 10 Bullard 2007 pp 48 50 amp 85 McCarthy 1959 pp 122 125 Bullard 2007 pp 106 107 Bullard 2007 pp 94 176 Milner 1957 pp 54 121 McCarthy 1959 pp 108 146 amp 193 228 Smith 2000 pp 162 193 Bullard 2007 p 159 Bullard 2007 pp 159 amp 166 Bullard 2007 p 160 Milner 1957 pp 98 104 Milner 1957 p 121 McCarthy 1959 p 418 James 2009 trek map Milner 1957 p 147 Anderson 1992 p 7 Milner 1957 p 127 McCarthy 1959 p 385 Bullard 2007 pp 173 175 Hayashi 1959 p 224 cited in James 2009 p 69 Bibliography editAnderson Charles 1992 Papua The U S Army Campaigns of World War II Vol 11 Washington D C United States Army Center of Military History ISBN 978 0 16 035883 8 Bullard 2007 Boeicho Boei Kenshujo Senshishitsu ed Japanese Army Operations in the South Pacific Area New Britain and Papua Campaigns 1942 43 Translated by Steven Bullard Canberra Australian War Memorial ISBN 978 0 9751904 8 7 Dupuy Trevor N 1992 Encyclopedia of Military Biography London I B Tauris amp Co ISBN 1 85043 569 3 OCLC 59974268 Gamble Bruce 2001 Darkest Hour The True Story of Lark Force at Rabaul Australia s Worst Military Disaster of World War II St Paul MN Zenith Press ISBN 0 7603 2349 6 OCLC 71288724 Hayashi Saburō 1959 Kogun The Japanese Army in the Pacific War Quantico VA Marine Corps Association OCLC 1133179 Horner David May 1993 Defending Australia in 1942 War amp Society 11 1 1 21 doi 10 1179 072924793791198886 James Karl 2009 The Track A Historical Desktop Study of the Kokoda Track PDF Commonwealth Department of the Environment Retrieved 29 November 2014 McCarthy Dudley 1959 South West Pacific Area First Year Kokoda to Wau Australia in the War of 1939 1945 Series 1 Army Volume V 1st ed Canberra Australian War Memorial OCLC 3134247 Milner Samuel 1957 Victory in Papua United States Army In World War II Washington DC Center Of Military History United States Army LCCN 56 60004 Smith Michael 2000 Bloody Ridge The Battle That Saved Guadalcanal New York Pocket ISBN 0 7434 6321 8 External links editChen Peter Horii Tomitaro WW2 Database Government offices Preceded byWalter McNicollas Administrator of New Guinea Commander of Occupied New Guinea1942 Succeeded byHyakutake Seikichi Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tomitarō Horii amp oldid 1191479938, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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