The genus name Tometes was coined in 1850 by Valenciennes in reference to the incisiform teeth. When the type species of the genus, T. trilobatus, was described in 1850, it was placed in synonym with Myleus setiger, the type species of the genus Myleus, which is why Tometes and Myleus were considered to be the same genus for a long time. It was just later that the two genera were revalitated and other specimen could be categorized in the genus Tometes.[4]
Even today the taxonomic classification of the Serrasalmidae is not an easy task. Many names are placed in synonymy due to a lack of information and insufficient data bases. It was not long ago when it was discovered that Tometes and Myleus are two different genera but that Tometes, Myleus, Mylesinus and Ossubtus share a common ancestor. Typical characters of Tometes coincide with Mylesinus and Ossubtus specimen more than Myleus.[4] It is further known that Tometes live in sympatry with other reophilic Serrasalmidae.[1]Tometes species are also not to be mistaken with pacus, a vegetarian fish, which is often sold as a vegetarian piranha in the corresponding countries. One can easily distinguish one from another by their very different composition of their dentition.[5][better source needed]
Descriptionedit
Depending on the exact species, the maximum length of Tometes is between 28.3 and 91.1 cm (0.9–3.0 ft).[2] They can weigh more than 5 kg (11 lb).[6] The body color is generally gray or silvery, showing a brighter color at the bottom side. Their name was given due to their incisiform teeth, which are thicker and lower than in the other related genera.[4] Also the teeth are placed side by side, are weakly attached to the jaw and are primarily used for cutting leaves. Sexually mature male of Tometes differ from females by an additional anal-fin lobe, an elongated dorsal fin or a red pattern on the body.[7]
Range, habitat and ecologyedit
T. ancylorhynchus, T. kranponhah and T. siderocarajensis are found in clearwater rivers that originate in the Brazilian Shield (Xingu and Tocantins—Araguaia basins),[3]T. camunani, T. lebaili and T. trilobatus are found in rivers of the eastern Guiana Shield (Trombetas, Commewijne, Mana, Maroni, Oyapock, Amapá Grande and Araguari basins),[1][4] and T. makue is from the Rio Negro and Orinoco basins.[8] These species all live in rapidly moving water with a rocky environment. A dense occurrence of Tometes larvae and juveniles in rapids around Podostemaceae plants, the main food source of adult Tometes, suggests that there is a positive rheotrophism (adaptability to fast-flowing water) in the larval stage.[1] Unlike the strictly phytophagous adults, juveniles also feed on invertebrates.[6] Their association with Podostemaceae plants restricts their distributions, which makes them vulnerable to the loss of rapids by the introduction of hydroelectric dams. In a cultural aspect rheophilicserrasalmids (notably Tometes, Myloplus and Mylesinus) are important in the tradition of local communities.[1]
Speciesedit
There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus:[2]
Tometes ancylorhynchus M. C. Andrade, Jégu & Giarizzo, 2016[3]
Tometes camunani M. C. Andrade, Giarizzo & Jégu, 2013[1]
Tometes kranponhah M. C. Andrade, Jégu & Giarizzo, 2016[3]
Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu, 2002[9]
Tometes makue Jégu, G. M. Santos & Belmont-Jégu, 2002
^ abcdefAndrade, M.C., Giarizzo, T. & Jégu, M. (2013): Tometes camunani (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a new species of phytophagous fish from the Guiana Shield, rio Trombetas basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2): 297-306.
^ abcFroese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Tometes in FishBase. February 2017 version.
^ abcdAndrade, M.C., Jégu, M. & Giarizzo, T. (2016): Tometes kranponhah and Tometes ancylorhynchus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), two new phytophagous serrasalmids, and the first Tometes species described from the Brazilian Shield. Journal of Fish Biology, 89 (1): 467-494.
^ abcdJégu, M.; Dos Santos, G.M.; Keith, P.; Le Bail, P.-Y. (2002). "Supplementary description and rehabilitation of Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes, 1850, type-species of Tometes Valenciennes (Characidae: Serrasalminae)". Cybium. 26 (2): 99–122.
^Mitchell, E. (2013). "Vegetarian Piranhas' Teeth Point to Pre-Fall Perfection". Answers in Genesis.
^Mol, J.H.A. (2012). The Freshwater Fishes of Suriname. Brill. p. 890. ISBN978-90-04-20766-0.
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2017). "Tometes makue" in FishBase. February 2017 version.
^Jégu, M.; Keith, P. (2005). "Threatened fishes of the world: Tometes lebaili (Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu 2002) (Characidae: Serrasalminae)". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 72 (4): 378. doi:10.1007/s10641-004-4126-4. S2CID 35999447.
^Marcelo C. Andrade, Valéria N. Machado, Michel Jégu, Izeni P. Farias and Tommaso Giarrizzo (2017). A New Species of Tometes Valenciennes 1850 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin Based on Integrative Analysis of Molecular and Morphological Data. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0170053.
January 01, 1970
tometes, confused, with, tomettes, type, floor, tile, genus, fish, family, serrasalmidae, found, fast, flowing, rivers, northern, south, america, adults, seven, species, this, genus, phytophagous, feeding, primarily, aquatic, plants, family, podostemaceae, sci. Not to be confused with Tomettes a type of floor tile Tometes is a genus of fish in the family Serrasalmidae found in fast flowing rivers in northern South America 1 2 Adults of all seven species in this genus are phytophagous feeding primarily on aquatic plants in the family Podostemaceae 3 Tometes Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Characiformes Family Serrasalmidae Genus TometesValenciennes 1850 Type species Tometes trilobatusValenciennes 1850 The genus name Tometes was coined in 1850 by Valenciennes in reference to the incisiform teeth When the type species of the genus T trilobatus was described in 1850 it was placed in synonym with Myleus setiger the type species of the genus Myleus which is why Tometes and Myleus were considered to be the same genus for a long time It was just later that the two genera were revalitated and other specimen could be categorized in the genus Tometes 4 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Range habitat and ecology 4 Species 5 ReferencesTaxonomy editEven today the taxonomic classification of the Serrasalmidae is not an easy task Many names are placed in synonymy due to a lack of information and insufficient data bases It was not long ago when it was discovered that Tometes and Myleus are two different genera but that Tometes Myleus Mylesinus and Ossubtus share a common ancestor Typical characters of Tometes coincide with Mylesinus and Ossubtus specimen more than Myleus 4 It is further known that Tometes live in sympatry with other reophilic Serrasalmidae 1 Tometes species are also not to be mistaken with pacus a vegetarian fish which is often sold as a vegetarian piranha in the corresponding countries One can easily distinguish one from another by their very different composition of their dentition 5 better source needed Description editDepending on the exact species the maximum length of Tometes is between 28 3 and 91 1 cm 0 9 3 0 ft 2 They can weigh more than 5 kg 11 lb 6 The body color is generally gray or silvery showing a brighter color at the bottom side Their name was given due to their incisiform teeth which are thicker and lower than in the other related genera 4 Also the teeth are placed side by side are weakly attached to the jaw and are primarily used for cutting leaves Sexually mature male of Tometes differ from females by an additional anal fin lobe an elongated dorsal fin or a red pattern on the body 7 Range habitat and ecology editT ancylorhynchus T kranponhah and T siderocarajensis are found in clearwater rivers that originate in the Brazilian Shield Xingu and Tocantins Araguaia basins 3 T camunani T lebaili and T trilobatus are found in rivers of the eastern Guiana Shield Trombetas Commewijne Mana Maroni Oyapock Amapa Grande and Araguari basins 1 4 and T makue is from the Rio Negro and Orinoco basins 8 These species all live in rapidly moving water with a rocky environment A dense occurrence of Tometes larvae and juveniles in rapids around Podostemaceae plants the main food source of adult Tometes suggests that there is a positive rheotrophism adaptability to fast flowing water in the larval stage 1 Unlike the strictly phytophagous adults juveniles also feed on invertebrates 6 Their association with Podostemaceae plants restricts their distributions which makes them vulnerable to the loss of rapids by the introduction of hydroelectric dams In a cultural aspect rheophilic serrasalmids notably Tometes Myloplus and Mylesinus are important in the tradition of local communities 1 Species editThere are currently 7 recognized species in this genus 2 Tometes ancylorhynchus M C Andrade Jegu amp Giarizzo 2016 3 Tometes camunani M C Andrade Giarizzo amp Jegu 2013 1 Tometes kranponhah M C Andrade Jegu amp Giarizzo 2016 3 Tometes lebaili Jegu Keith amp Belmont Jegu 2002 9 Tometes makue Jegu G M Santos amp Belmont Jegu 2002 Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade et al 2017 10 Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850References edit a b c d e f Andrade M C Giarizzo T amp Jegu M 2013 Tometes camunani Characiformes Serrasalmidae a new species of phytophagous fish from the Guiana Shield rio Trombetas basin Brazil Neotropical Ichthyology 11 2 297 306 a b c Froese Rainer and Pauly Daniel eds 2017 Species of Tometes in FishBase February 2017 version a b c d Andrade M C Jegu M amp Giarizzo T 2016 Tometes kranponhah and Tometes ancylorhynchus Characiformes Serrasalmidae two new phytophagous serrasalmids and the first Tometes species described from the Brazilian Shield Journal of Fish Biology 89 1 467 494 a b c d Jegu M Dos Santos G M Keith P Le Bail P Y 2002 Supplementary description and rehabilitation of Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850 type species of Tometes Valenciennes Characidae Serrasalminae Cybium 26 2 99 122 Mitchell E 2013 Vegetarian Piranhas Teeth Point to Pre Fall Perfection Answers in Genesis a b Tometes OPEFE Retrieved 24 February 2017 Mol J H A 2012 The Freshwater Fishes of Suriname Brill p 890 ISBN 978 90 04 20766 0 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2017 Tometes makue in FishBase February 2017 version Jegu M Keith P 2005 Threatened fishes of the world Tometes lebaili Jegu Keith amp Belmont Jegu 2002 Characidae Serrasalminae Environmental Biology of Fishes 72 4 378 doi 10 1007 s10641 004 4126 4 S2CID 35999447 Marcelo C Andrade Valeria N Machado Michel Jegu Izeni P Farias and Tommaso Giarrizzo 2017 A New Species of Tometes Valenciennes 1850 Characiformes Serrasalmidae from Tocantins Araguaia River Basin Based on Integrative Analysis of Molecular and Morphological Data PLoS ONE 12 4 e0170053 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tometes amp oldid 1211830193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
