The tiyanak (also tianak or tianac[1]Tagalog:[ˈtjɐnɐk]) is a vampiric creature in Philippine mythology that takes on the form of a toddler or baby. Although there are various types, it typically takes the form of a newborn baby and cries in the jungle to attract unwary travelers. Once it is picked up by an unfortunate passerby, it reverts to its true form and attacks the victim.[2] The tiyanak is also depicted to take malevolent delight in leading travelers astray,[3] or in abducting children.[4]
"They had another deception—namely, that if any woman died in childbirth, she and the child suffered punishment; and that, at night, she could be heard lamenting. This was called patianac. May the honor and glory be God our Lord's, that among all the Tagalos not a trace of this is left; and that those who are now marrying do not even know what it is, thanks to the preaching of the holy gospel, which has banished it."
Fr. Juan de Plasencia, Customs of the Tagalogs (1589)
"449. Pregnant women could not cut their hair, for they said that the children that they would bear would have no hair. When a woman is about to give birth, some men undress until they are stark naked. Then taking shields and catans, one takes his stand in the silong, and another on the ridge of the house, and they continually fence with the wind with their catans as long as the parturition lasts. I have removed some from this performance by force of punishment. They say that it is to keep the patiànac and the osuàng away from the woman. These are witches among them who come to obstruct the success of the childbirth, and to suck out the souls of children; and the people act thus in order to prevent them. He who does not wish to have this observed in public, through fear of punishment, removes his wife to another house for the parturition, if he thinks that the witch is in his."
Fr. Francisco de San Antonio, Cronicas (1738-44)
"They have many other superstitions, as that of the patianac, a spirit or ideal being, whose employment or amusement consists in preventing, [41]by certain means peculiar to itself, the delivery of a woman in labour. To counteract the malignity of this spirit, the husband, fastening the door, reduces himself to a state of complete nudity, lights a fire, and arming himself with his sword, continues to flourish it furiously, until the woman is delivered."
While various legends have slightly different versions of the tiyanak folklore, the stories all agree on its ability to mimic an infant, able to imitate an infant's cries for luring victims.[3] In some legends, the Tiyanak may take the form of a specific child.[6]
In one version, it retains the general shape of a baby but then forms sharp claws and fangs to attack its victim.[2]
In another, it shares certain similarities with dwarfs and is similarly associated with the earth. In this version, the "true" form of the tiyanak is that of a little old man with wrinkled skin, a long beard and mustache, a flat nose and eyes the size of peseta coins. The same story says that a tiyanak is relatively immobile because one leg is shorter than the other. This deformity forces it to move by leaping and/or crawling rather than walking, making it difficult to hunt or stalk victims, but its ability to mimic an infant's cry compensates for this disadvantage.[3]
In yet another story it is seen supernaturally flying through the forest (still in the form of a baby)[7] and in a legend from the island of Mindoro it transforms into a black bird before flying away[6]
In another version from Central Luzon, especially in Pampanga, the tiyanak are described as small, nut-brown people who don't walk on the ground but rather float on air. They have large noses, wide mouths, large fierce eyes and sharp voices.[4]
In the Batangas version, the tiyanak are described as regular babies who were lost in the wild. They are believed to be babies who died without a name, aborted or otherwise. It also is said that when the cry of a tiyanak sounds soft, one is actually nearby, and conversely if the cry sounds loud, it is actually distant.
OriginsEdit
There are various stories on how tiyanaks came to be. The Mandaya people of Mindanao claim that the tiyanak is the spirit of a child whose mother died before giving birth. This caused it to be "born in the ground", thus gaining its current state.[3] A similar supernatural creature in Malay folklore is the Pontianak, which was a woman who died before giving birth.
With the Spanish colonization of the Philippines in the 16th century, the tiyanak myth was integrated into Catholicism. The tiyanak in the Catholic version were supposedly the souls of infants that died before being baptized.[8] In modern-day Philippines, this definition has extended to that of aborted fetuses that returned from death to seek revenge on those who deprived them of life.[2] It is also said that Tiyanak cannot go to the afterlife because of not having a name. This causes them to be Earth-bound creatures which wander around searching for someone to give them names.
CountermeasuresEdit
In local belief, various countermeasures are supposedly effective against the tiyanak. Those that were led astray by the creature's cries are believed to be able to break the enchantment by turning their clothes inside out. The tiyanak finds the method humorous enough to let go of the traveler and go back to the jungles. Loud noises such as a New Year's celebration are also thought to be enough to drive the tiyanak away from the vicinity.[3] Objects believed to repel Aswang (vampiric shape-shifters), like garlic and the rosary *rosemary* are also commonly believed to be effective against the tiyanak.[2] It is also believed that giving a name to these lost souls will bring them peace, and offering a white candle will help guide its spirit to afterlife.
In popular cultureEdit
The tiyanak is the subject of many Philippine movies:
Tiyanaks appeared in the 2006 TV series, Super Inggo. Dubbed as the "junanaks" by Budong and Pareng Jomar. They also appeared in week-32 2013 episodes of Juan dela Cruz (TV series).
The Tiyanak is also featured as a monster, along with other Philippine folklore-inspired beings, in the Port Malaya patch of Ragnarok Online.[14]
The Tiyanak also appears as a featured monster in an episode of the Netflix Filipino Anime Series Trese.[15]
^Damiana L, Eugenio (2007). Philippine Folk Literature: An Anthology Volume 1 of Philippine Folk Literature Series. UP Press. p. 249. ISBN978-9715425360.
^ abcdParaiso, Salvador; Jose Juan Paraiso (2003). The Balete Book: A collection of demons, monsters and dwarfs from the Philippine lower mythology. Philippines: Giraffe Books. ISBN971-8832-79-3.
^ abcdeRamos, Maximo D. (1971). Creatures of Philippine Lower Mythology. Philippines: University of the Philippines Press.
^ abEugenio, Damiana (2002). Philippine Folk Literature: The Legends. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. p. 490. ISBN971-542-357-4.
^Zuniga, Martinez (1814). Historical View of the Philippine Islands. T. Davison. p. 40.
^ abAdelina Del Rosario (1975). "Isang Pag-aaral ng mga kuwentong bayan ng Oriental Mindoro". University of the Philippines. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Gardner, Fletcher (1906). "Philippine (Tagalog) Superstitions". Superstitions Journal of American Folklore. The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 19, No. 74. 19 (April–June): 191–204. doi:10.2307/534566. JSTOR 534566.
^"What is a tiyanak? The Pinoy mythological creature's chilling origins explained". GMA News Online. Retrieved 2021-02-17.
Cruz, Neal (2008-10-31). "As I See It: Philippine mythological monsters". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
October 13, 2023
tiyanak, tiyanak, also, tianak, tianac, tagalog, ˈtjɐnɐk, vampiric, creature, philippine, mythology, that, takes, form, toddler, baby, although, there, various, types, typically, takes, form, newborn, baby, cries, jungle, attract, unwary, travelers, once, pick. The tiyanak also tianak or tianac 1 Tagalog ˈtjɐnɐk is a vampiric creature in Philippine mythology that takes on the form of a toddler or baby Although there are various types it typically takes the form of a newborn baby and cries in the jungle to attract unwary travelers Once it is picked up by an unfortunate passerby it reverts to its true form and attacks the victim 2 The tiyanak is also depicted to take malevolent delight in leading travelers astray 3 or in abducting children 4 TiyanakGroupingDemon child ChangelingRegionPhilippines Contents 1 Historical Accounts 2 Appearance and characteristics 3 Origins 4 Countermeasures 5 In popular culture 6 See also 7 References 8 External links 9 Further readingHistorical Accounts Edit They had another deception namely that if any woman died in childbirth she and the child suffered punishment and that at night she could be heard lamenting This was called patianac May the honor and glory be God our Lord s that among all the Tagalos not a trace of this is left and that those who are now marrying do not even know what it is thanks to the preaching of the holy gospel which has banished it Fr Juan de Plasencia Customs of the Tagalogs 1589 449 Pregnant women could not cut their hair for they said that the children that they would bear would have no hair When a woman is about to give birth some men undress until they are stark naked Then taking shields and catans one takes his stand in the silong and another on the ridge of the house and they continually fence with the wind with their catans as long as the parturition lasts I have removed some from this performance by force of punishment They say that it is to keep the patianac and the osuang away from the woman These are witches among them who come to obstruct the success of the childbirth and to suck out the souls of children and the people act thus in order to prevent them He who does not wish to have this observed in public through fear of punishment removes his wife to another house for the parturition if he thinks that the witch is in his Fr Francisco de San Antonio Cronicas 1738 44 They have many other superstitions as that of the patianac a spirit or ideal being whose employment or amusement consists in preventing 41 by certain means peculiar to itself the delivery of a woman in labour To counteract the malignity of this spirit the husband fastening the door reduces himself to a state of complete nudity lights a fire and arming himself with his sword continues to flourish it furiously until the woman is delivered Fr Martinez de Zuniga Estadismo 1803 5 Appearance and characteristics EditWhile various legends have slightly different versions of the tiyanak folklore the stories all agree on its ability to mimic an infant able to imitate an infant s cries for luring victims 3 In some legends the Tiyanak may take the form of a specific child 6 In one version it retains the general shape of a baby but then forms sharp claws and fangs to attack its victim 2 In another it shares certain similarities with dwarfs and is similarly associated with the earth In this version the true form of the tiyanak is that of a little old man with wrinkled skin a long beard and mustache a flat nose and eyes the size of peseta coins The same story says that a tiyanak is relatively immobile because one leg is shorter than the other This deformity forces it to move by leaping and or crawling rather than walking making it difficult to hunt or stalk victims but its ability to mimic an infant s cry compensates for this disadvantage 3 In yet another story it is seen supernaturally flying through the forest still in the form of a baby 7 and in a legend from the island of Mindoro it transforms into a black bird before flying away 6 In another version from Central Luzon especially in Pampanga the tiyanak are described as small nut brown people who don t walk on the ground but rather float on air They have large noses wide mouths large fierce eyes and sharp voices 4 In the Batangas version the tiyanak are described as regular babies who were lost in the wild They are believed to be babies who died without a name aborted or otherwise It also is said that when the cry of a tiyanak sounds soft one is actually nearby and conversely if the cry sounds loud it is actually distant Origins EditThere are various stories on how tiyanaks came to be The Mandaya people of Mindanao claim that the tiyanak is the spirit of a child whose mother died before giving birth This caused it to be born in the ground thus gaining its current state 3 A similar supernatural creature in Malay folklore is the Pontianak which was a woman who died before giving birth With the Spanish colonization of the Philippines in the 16th century the tiyanak myth was integrated into Catholicism The tiyanak in the Catholic version were supposedly the souls of infants that died before being baptized 8 In modern day Philippines this definition has extended to that of aborted fetuses that returned from death to seek revenge on those who deprived them of life 2 It is also said that Tiyanak cannot go to the afterlife because of not having a name This causes them to be Earth bound creatures which wander around searching for someone to give them names Countermeasures EditIn local belief various countermeasures are supposedly effective against the tiyanak Those that were led astray by the creature s cries are believed to be able to break the enchantment by turning their clothes inside out The tiyanak finds the method humorous enough to let go of the traveler and go back to the jungles Loud noises such as a New Year s celebration are also thought to be enough to drive the tiyanak away from the vicinity 3 Objects believed to repel Aswang vampiric shape shifters like garlic and the rosary rosemary are also commonly believed to be effective against the tiyanak 2 It is also believed that giving a name to these lost souls will bring them peace and offering a white candle will help guide its spirit to afterlife In popular culture EditThe tiyanak is the subject of many Philippine movies Tianak 1953 9 Tiyanak 1988 10 Juan Tanga super naman at ang kambal na tiyanak 1990 11 Impakto 1996 Tiyanaks 2007 12 T yanak 2014 13 Tiyanaks appeared in the 2006 TV series Super Inggo Dubbed as the junanaks by Budong and Pareng Jomar They also appeared in week 32 2013 episodes of Juan dela Cruz TV series The Tiyanak is also featured as a monster along with other Philippine folklore inspired beings in the Port Malaya patch of Ragnarok Online 14 The Tiyanak also appears as a featured monster in an episode of the Netflix Filipino Anime Series Trese 15 See also EditToyolReferences Edit Damiana L Eugenio 2007 Philippine Folk Literature An Anthology Volume 1 of Philippine Folk Literature Series UP Press p 249 ISBN 978 9715425360 a b c d Paraiso Salvador Jose Juan Paraiso 2003 The Balete Book A collection of demons monsters and dwarfs from the Philippine lower mythology Philippines Giraffe Books ISBN 971 8832 79 3 a b c d e Ramos Maximo D 1971 Creatures of Philippine Lower Mythology Philippines University of the Philippines Press a b Eugenio Damiana 2002 Philippine Folk Literature The Legends Quezon City University of the Philippines Press p 490 ISBN 971 542 357 4 Zuniga Martinez 1814 Historical View of the Philippine Islands T Davison p 40 a b Adelina Del Rosario 1975 Isang Pag aaral ng mga kuwentong bayan ng Oriental Mindoro University of the Philippines a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Gardner Fletcher 1906 Philippine Tagalog Superstitions Superstitions Journal of American Folklore The Journal of American Folklore Vol 19 No 74 19 April June 191 204 doi 10 2307 534566 JSTOR 534566 What is a tiyanak The Pinoy mythological creature s chilling origins explained GMA News Online Retrieved 2021 02 17 Tianak at IMDb Tiyanak at IMDb Juan Tanga super naman at ang kambal na tiyanak at IMDb Tiyanaks at IMDb T yanak at IMDb Otakultura com 2011 Malaya Map Revealed Retrieved on 2011 09 01 Archived October 3 2011 at the Wayback Machine Trese Episode 1 3 TV Episode 2021 IMDb Retrieved 2021 07 03 External links EditFilipino Folklore TiyanakFurther reading EditCruz Neal 2008 10 31 As I See It Philippine mythological monsters Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tiyanak amp oldid 1175811247, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
