In broadcasting, time shifting is the recording of programming to a storage medium to be viewed or listened to after the live broadcasting. Typically, this refers to TV programming but it can also refer to radio shows via podcasts.
In recent years, the advent of the digital video recorder (DVR) has made time shifting easier, by using an electronic program guide (EPG) and recording shows onto a hard disk. Some DVRs have other possible time-shifting methods, such as being able to start watching the recorded show from the beginning even if the recording is not yet complete. In the past, time shifting was done with a video cassette recorder (VCR) and its timer function, in which the VCR tunes into the appropriate station and records the show onto video tape.
Certain broadcasters transmit timeshifted versions of their channels, usually carrying programming from one hour in the past, to enable those without recording abilities to resolve conflicts and those with recording abilities more flexibility in scheduling conflicting recordings. (See timeshift channel.)
DStv, based in South Africa, offers PVR set-top boxes to countries across Africa which allow time shifting of live and recorded television, using a remote.
History in the United StatesEdit
The idea of a consumer pausing a live television broadcast was depicted in popular media as early as November 1966 at the end of Season 2, Episode 12 of I Dream of Jeannie, when character Major Nelson asked his genie to pause a live broadcast of a football game so that they could continue to watch it from that point after a grocery shopping trip. With the advent of digital video recorders ReplayTV and TiVo, launched at the 1999 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada,[1] it became possible in practice for consumers to purchase devices that supported pausing live television broadcasts and "chase play" (playing back a delayed version of a recorded live stream while simultaneously continuing to record the live stream).
The major legal issue involved in time shifting concerns "fair use" law and the possibility of copyright infringement.[2] This legal issue was first raised in the landmark court case of Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. or the "Betamax case".[3] In the 1970s, Universal and Disney sued Sony, claiming its timed recording capability amounted to copyright infringement.[4] The Supreme Court of the United States found in favor of Sony; the majority decision held that time shifting was a fair use, represented no substantial harm to the copyright holder and would not contribute to a diminished marketplace for its product.
RCA mentioned time shifting in its marketing as a reason to buy VCRs, even while an on-screen disclaimer mentioned the Betamax case and cautioned that "Such recordings should not be made".[5] By 1985 cable movie channels encouraged time shifting by broadcasting films subscribers wanted for their home libraries overnight, so their VCRs could record them while they slept.[6][7] Some providers, such as satellite TV companies, have introduced digital video recorder (DVR) features, thereby allowing consumers to skip over advertising entirely when watching a program which has been recorded to their DVR. The legality of this service, for which an extra fee can be assessed, has been challenged by television broadcasters, who assert that this form of time shifting is a violation of their copyright.[2]
AnalysisEdit
A study published in 2019 found that time shifting does not affect the size of the audience for a program which watches it live. Time shifting did, however, increase the size of the overall viewership of a program.[4]
^"What is a PVR?". wiseGEEK – clear answers for common questions. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
^ abTime Shifting. laws.com retrieved from copyright.laws.com Accessed 28 November 2012.
^"Supreme Court ruling on the Betamax Case". Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
^ abBelo, Rodrigo; Ferreira, Pedro; Godinho de Matos, Miguel; Reis, Filipa (2019-02-07). "The Impact of Time Shifting on TV Consumption and Ad Viewership". Management Science. 65 (7): 3216–3234. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2018.3084. hdl:10400.14/32417. ISSN 0025-1909.
^RCA 1984 Video Systems CED Videodisc (video). YouTube. 1984. Event occurs at 2:36.
^Holsopple, Barbara (1985-06-05). "Pay-TV looks elsewhere as theatrical movies lose their appeal". The Pittsburgh Press. pp. C12. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
^De Atley, Richard (1985-09-07). "VCRs put entertainment industry into fast-forward frenzy". The Free Lance-Star. Associated Press. pp. 12–TV. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
External linksEdit
Look up time shifting in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Recording for the purposes of time-shifting – UK Statutory Instrument 2003 No. 2498
October 09, 2023
time, shifting, timeshifting, redirects, here, video, game, timeshift, video, game, timeshift, channels, timeshift, channel, broadcasting, time, shifting, recording, programming, storage, medium, viewed, listened, after, live, broadcasting, typically, this, re. Timeshifting redirects here For the video game see TimeShift video game For timeshift channels see Timeshift channel In broadcasting time shifting is the recording of programming to a storage medium to be viewed or listened to after the live broadcasting Typically this refers to TV programming but it can also refer to radio shows via podcasts In recent years the advent of the digital video recorder DVR has made time shifting easier by using an electronic program guide EPG and recording shows onto a hard disk Some DVRs have other possible time shifting methods such as being able to start watching the recorded show from the beginning even if the recording is not yet complete In the past time shifting was done with a video cassette recorder VCR and its timer function in which the VCR tunes into the appropriate station and records the show onto video tape Certain broadcasters transmit timeshifted versions of their channels usually carrying programming from one hour in the past to enable those without recording abilities to resolve conflicts and those with recording abilities more flexibility in scheduling conflicting recordings See timeshift channel Contents 1 In the United Kingdom and Ireland 2 Africa 3 History in the United States 4 Analysis 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksIn the United Kingdom and Ireland EditFreesat Freeview Sky V TiVo YouView and BT Vision services in Ireland and the UK allow one to timeshift Africa EditDStv based in South Africa offers PVR set top boxes to countries across Africa which allow time shifting of live and recorded television using a remote History in the United States EditThe idea of a consumer pausing a live television broadcast was depicted in popular media as early as November 1966 at the end of Season 2 Episode 12 of I Dream of Jeannie when character Major Nelson asked his genie to pause a live broadcast of a football game so that they could continue to watch it from that point after a grocery shopping trip With the advent of digital video recorders ReplayTV and TiVo launched at the 1999 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas Nevada 1 it became possible in practice for consumers to purchase devices that supported pausing live television broadcasts and chase play playing back a delayed version of a recorded live stream while simultaneously continuing to record the live stream The major legal issue involved in time shifting concerns fair use law and the possibility of copyright infringement 2 This legal issue was first raised in the landmark court case of Sony Corp of America v Universal City Studios Inc or the Betamax case 3 In the 1970s Universal and Disney sued Sony claiming its timed recording capability amounted to copyright infringement 4 The Supreme Court of the United States found in favor of Sony the majority decision held that time shifting was a fair use represented no substantial harm to the copyright holder and would not contribute to a diminished marketplace for its product RCA mentioned time shifting in its marketing as a reason to buy VCRs even while an on screen disclaimer mentioned the Betamax case and cautioned that Such recordings should not be made 5 By 1985 cable movie channels encouraged time shifting by broadcasting films subscribers wanted for their home libraries overnight so their VCRs could record them while they slept 6 7 Some providers such as satellite TV companies have introduced digital video recorder DVR features thereby allowing consumers to skip over advertising entirely when watching a program which has been recorded to their DVR The legality of this service for which an extra fee can be assessed has been challenged by television broadcasters who assert that this form of time shifting is a violation of their copyright 2 Analysis EditA study published in 2019 found that time shifting does not affect the size of the audience for a program which watches it live Time shifting did however increase the size of the overall viewership of a program 4 See also EditTimeshift channel Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting Space shifting also known as place shifting Format shifting Personal video recorderReferences Edit What is a PVR wiseGEEK clear answers for common questions Retrieved 2017 04 10 a b Time Shifting laws com retrieved from copyright laws com Accessed 28 November 2012 Supreme Court ruling on the Betamax Case Caselaw lp findlaw com Retrieved 2012 08 18 a b Belo Rodrigo Ferreira Pedro Godinho de Matos Miguel Reis Filipa 2019 02 07 The Impact of Time Shifting on TV Consumption and Ad Viewership Management Science 65 7 3216 3234 doi 10 1287 mnsc 2018 3084 hdl 10400 14 32417 ISSN 0025 1909 RCA 1984 Video Systems CED Videodisc video YouTube 1984 Event occurs at 2 36 Holsopple Barbara 1985 06 05 Pay TV looks elsewhere as theatrical movies lose their appeal The Pittsburgh Press pp C12 Retrieved 25 January 2015 De Atley Richard 1985 09 07 VCRs put entertainment industry into fast forward frenzy The Free Lance Star Associated Press pp 12 TV Retrieved 25 January 2015 External links Edit nbsp Look up time shifting in Wiktionary the free dictionary Recording for the purposes of time shifting UK Statutory Instrument 2003 No 2498 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Time shifting amp oldid 1120259305, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
