Tidal heating of Io (also known as tidal working) occurs through the tidal friction processes between Jupiter and its moon. Orbital and rotational energy are dissipated as heat in the crust of the moon. Io has a similar mass and size as the Moon, but Io is the most geologically active body in the Solar System. This is caused by the heating mechanism of Io. The major heating source of Earth and the Moon is radioactive heating, but the heating source on Io is tidal heating. As Jupiter is very massive, the side of Io nearest to Jupiter has a slightly larger gravitational pull than the opposite side. This difference in gravitational forces cause distortion of Io’s shape. Differently from the Earth’s only moon, Jupiter has two other large moons (Europa and Ganymede) that are in an orbital resonance with it. Io is the innermost of this set of resonant moons, and their interactions maintain its orbit in an eccentric (elliptical) state. The varying distance between Jupiter and Io continually changes the degree of distortion of Io's shape and flexes its interior, frictionally heating it. The friction-induced heating drives strong volcanic activities on the surface of Io.[1]
Tidal heating on Io. (A) Of the four major moons of Jupiter, Io is the inner-most one. Gravity from these bodies pull Io in varying directions. (B) Io's eccentric orbit. Io's shape changes as it completes its orbit. (C) Earth's moon's orbit is actually more eccentric than Io's, but Earth's gravity is much weaker than Jupiter's, so Earth's moon does not experience as much deformation.[1]
Although there is general agreement that the cause of the heat as manifested in Io's many volcanoes is tidal heating from the pull of gravity from Jupiter and its moon Europa, the volcanoes are not in the positions predicted with tidal heating. They are shifted 30 to 60 degrees to the East.[2] A study published in 2015, explains the eastern shift by an ocean of molten rock under the surface. The movement of this magma would generate extra heat. Liquids, especially if they are sticky (or viscous), can produce heat through friction. The team who wrote the paper believe that the subsurface ocean is a mixture of molten and solid rock. When the molten rock flows, it may swirl and rub against the surrounding rock, thus generating heat.[3][4]
Other moons in the Solar System undergo tidal heating, and they too may have more heat generated by this process, including heat from the movement of water. This ability to generate heat in a subsurface ocean increases the chance of life on bodies like Europa and Enceladus.[5][6]
Referencesedit
^ abSmith, Toby. . Archived from the original on 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
^"Underground Magma Ocean Could Explain Io's Misplaced Volcanoes - SpaceRef".[permanent dead link]
^Tyler, R. W. Henning C. Hamilton. 2015. TIDAL HEATING IN A MAGMA OCEAN WITHIN JUPITER'S MOON Io. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
^Tyler, Robert H.; Henning, Wade G.; Hamilton, Christopher W. (2015). "TIDAL HEATING IN A MAGMA OCEAN WITHIN JUPITER's MOON Io". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 218 (2): 22. Bibcode:2015ApJS..218...22T. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/218/2/22. hdl:11603/28862.
^"Magma Oceans on Jupiter's Moon Io May Solve Volcano Mystery". Space.com. 14 September 2015.
^"Cassini Finds Global Ocean in Saturn's Moon Enceladus - Astrobiology". 15 September 2015.
External linksedit
Tidal Heating tutorial
January 01, 1970
tidal, heating, also, known, tidal, working, occurs, through, tidal, friction, processes, between, jupiter, moon, orbital, rotational, energy, dissipated, heat, crust, moon, similar, mass, size, moon, most, geologically, active, body, solar, system, this, caus. Tidal heating of Io also known as tidal working occurs through the tidal friction processes between Jupiter and its moon Orbital and rotational energy are dissipated as heat in the crust of the moon Io has a similar mass and size as the Moon but Io is the most geologically active body in the Solar System This is caused by the heating mechanism of Io The major heating source of Earth and the Moon is radioactive heating but the heating source on Io is tidal heating As Jupiter is very massive the side of Io nearest to Jupiter has a slightly larger gravitational pull than the opposite side This difference in gravitational forces cause distortion of Io s shape Differently from the Earth s only moon Jupiter has two other large moons Europa and Ganymede that are in an orbital resonance with it Io is the innermost of this set of resonant moons and their interactions maintain its orbit in an eccentric elliptical state The varying distance between Jupiter and Io continually changes the degree of distortion of Io s shape and flexes its interior frictionally heating it The friction induced heating drives strong volcanic activities on the surface of Io 1 Tidal heating on Io A Of the four major moons of Jupiter Io is the inner most one Gravity from these bodies pull Io in varying directions B Io s eccentric orbit Io s shape changes as it completes its orbit C Earth s moon s orbit is actually more eccentric than Io s but Earth s gravity is much weaker than Jupiter s so Earth s moon does not experience as much deformation 1 Although there is general agreement that the cause of the heat as manifested in Io s many volcanoes is tidal heating from the pull of gravity from Jupiter and its moon Europa the volcanoes are not in the positions predicted with tidal heating They are shifted 30 to 60 degrees to the East 2 A study published in 2015 explains the eastern shift by an ocean of molten rock under the surface The movement of this magma would generate extra heat Liquids especially if they are sticky or viscous can produce heat through friction The team who wrote the paper believe that the subsurface ocean is a mixture of molten and solid rock When the molten rock flows it may swirl and rub against the surrounding rock thus generating heat 3 4 Other moons in the Solar System undergo tidal heating and they too may have more heat generated by this process including heat from the movement of water This ability to generate heat in a subsurface ocean increases the chance of life on bodies like Europa and Enceladus 5 6 References edit a b Smith Toby Tidal heating tutorial Archived from the original on 2013 10 16 Retrieved 2014 04 16 Underground Magma Ocean Could Explain Io s Misplaced Volcanoes SpaceRef permanent dead link Tyler R W Henning C Hamilton 2015 TIDAL HEATING IN A MAGMA OCEAN WITHIN JUPITER S MOON Io The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Tyler Robert H Henning Wade G Hamilton Christopher W 2015 TIDAL HEATING IN A MAGMA OCEAN WITHIN JUPITER s MOON Io The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 218 2 22 Bibcode 2015ApJS 218 22T doi 10 1088 0067 0049 218 2 22 hdl 11603 28862 Magma Oceans on Jupiter s Moon Io May Solve Volcano Mystery Space com 14 September 2015 Cassini Finds Global Ocean in Saturn s Moon Enceladus Astrobiology 15 September 2015 External links editTidal Heating tutorial Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tidal heating of Io amp oldid 1211623427, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
