The term tiền (chữ Hán: 錢) is used to refer to various currency-related concepts used in Vietnamese history. The name is a cognate with the Chineseqián (錢), a unit of weight called "mace" in English. It can refer to a unit of weight used in precious metal coinages as well as the number of cash coins in a string. The name was also used for different awards, both Chinese-style and Western-style awards given in Vietnam throughout different times of its history.
A silver Phi Long coin of 1 tiền issued under the Minh Mạng Emperor in 1833.
The word tiền is also the Vietnamese word for the concept of money in general.
In cash coins the term tiền could be used to refer to sub-strings of 10 cash coins in a string of 100~600.[1] Though the quality of cash coins was also important for counting a tiền, in 1945 a tiền of tiền gián included 36 cash coins, while a tiền of tiền quý included 60 cash coins.[a][2]
In the early 19th century, silver and gold bars were traded as currency in imperial Vietnam with values of up to 10 tiền (approximately 40 grams, or 1 tael). Bars of 1 tiền weighed between 3 and 4 grams.[3] During this time, silver and gold coins were minted (using Vietnamese characters and design, but of types resembling either Chinese cash or Western coins) with denominations of up to 10 tiền being minted.
During the Minh Mạng period (1820–1841) dragons on silver tiền coins were often depicted facing dexter (to the right), while during the Thiệu Trị period (1841–1847) and later these coins depicted dragons guardant (facing forwards).[4]
In the year Minh Mệnh 14 (1833) the Phi Long dragon coins were depreciated by increasing the amounts of copper and zinc that were in them lowering their silver content.[5]
The Tiền was also a name of decorations given by the government of the Nguyễn dynasty until 1945, like in Imperial China these coins came in the form of presentation coins, but after French colonisation the Tiền was also awarded as European-style medals called the Sapèque d'Honneur ("Cash coin of Honour").[6]
Tiền presentation coin decorations came in multiple classes and were known as Đồng Tiền (銅錢, "Copper money"), Ngân Tiền (銀錢, "Silver money"), and Kim Tiền (金錢, "Gold money").[6] The Sapèque d'Honneur medal was further subdivided into the Sapèque d'Argent (made of silver) and the Sapèque d'Or (made of gold).[6]
These decorations generally took the shape of silver or gold cash coins as well as other coinages issued by the Nguyễn dynasty, but would often have more elaborate designs and (often) different inscriptions.[6]
^The terms tiền gián and tiền quý were used to refer to different types of cash coins based on different quality and alloys between the 16th and 20th centuries.
Referencesedit
^Ministry of the Colonies (1894). Note sur la circulation monétaire et les moyens d'échange dans les colonies françaises et pays de protectorat, d'après les documents officiels recueillis par l'administration des colonies (in French). The government of France. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
^ED. TODA. (1882) ANNAM and its minor currency. Retrieved: 23 July 2017.
^De Rode Leeuw - Armorial of Vietnam by Hubert de Vries. Retrieved: 19 August 2021.
^Ths. Hoàng Nguyệt (Thạc sĩ Hoàng Nguyệt) (1 April 2016). "Triều Nguyễn với chính sách đúc và lưu thông tiền tệ. - 06:21 AM 01/04/2016. - Nói về sự phát triển tiền tệ dưới triều Nguyễn, có thể khẳng định đây là một triều đại tiền tệ phát triển rất phong phú. Ngoài những đồng tiền căn bản là tiền đồng và tiền kẽm, còn có cả vàng, bạc dùng trong lưu thông" (in Vietnamese). Trung tâm Lưu trữ quốc gia I (National Archives Nr. 1, Hanoi) - Cục Văn thư và Lưu trữ nhà nước (State Records And Archives Management Department Of Việt Nam). Retrieved 4 February 2022.
^ abcdGillingham, Harrold E. (Harrold Edgar), 1864-1954 (1928). "Notes on the decorations and medals of the French colonies and protectorates". American Numismatic Society. Retrieved 20 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
External linksedit
Vietnamese imperial coinage
Descriptions of Vietnamese imperial coinage (in Vietnamese)
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For the river Tiền see Tiền River The term tiền chữ Han 錢 is used to refer to various currency related concepts used in Vietnamese history The name is a cognate with the Chinese qian 錢 a unit of weight called mace in English It can refer to a unit of weight used in precious metal coinages as well as the number of cash coins in a string The name was also used for different awards both Chinese style and Western style awards given in Vietnam throughout different times of its history A silver Phi Long coin of 1 tiền issued under the Minh Mạng Emperor in 1833 The word tiền is also the Vietnamese word for the concept of money in general Contents 1 Cash coins 2 Precious metal coinages 3 Tiền decorations 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksCash coins editMain article Vietnamese cash In cash coins the term tiền could be used to refer to sub strings of 10 cash coins in a string of 100 600 1 Though the quality of cash coins was also important for counting a tiền in 1945 a tiền of tiền gian included 36 cash coins while a tiền of tiền quy included 60 cash coins a 2 Precious metal coinages editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2007 Learn how and when to remove this message In the early 19th century silver and gold bars were traded as currency in imperial Vietnam with values of up to 10 tiền approximately 40 grams or 1 tael Bars of 1 tiền weighed between 3 and 4 grams 3 During this time silver and gold coins were minted using Vietnamese characters and design but of types resembling either Chinese cash or Western coins with denominations of up to 10 tiền being minted During the Minh Mạng period 1820 1841 dragons on silver tiền coins were often depicted facing dexter to the right while during the Thiệu Trị period 1841 1847 and later these coins depicted dragons guardant facing forwards 4 In the year Minh Mệnh 14 1833 the Phi Long dragon coins were depreciated by increasing the amounts of copper and zinc that were in them lowering their silver content 5 These coins continued to be minted in varying quantities into the 20th century in French Indochina although circulating alongside the French Indochinese piastre Tiền decorations editThe Tiền was also a name of decorations given by the government of the Nguyễn dynasty until 1945 like in Imperial China these coins came in the form of presentation coins but after French colonisation the Tiền was also awarded as European style medals called the Sapeque d Honneur Cash coin of Honour 6 Tiền presentation coin decorations came in multiple classes and were known as Đồng Tiền 銅錢 Copper money Ngan Tiền 銀錢 Silver money and Kim Tiền 金錢 Gold money 6 The Sapeque d Honneur medal was further subdivided into the Sapeque d Argent made of silver and the Sapeque d Or made of gold 6 These decorations generally took the shape of silver or gold cash coins as well as other coinages issued by the Nguyễn dynasty but would often have more elaborate designs and often different inscriptions 6 See also edit nbsp Money portal Vietnamese mạchNotes edit The terms tiền gian and tiền quy were used to refer to different types of cash coins based on different quality and alloys between the 16th and 20th centuries References edit Ministry of the Colonies 1894 Note sur la circulation monetaire et les moyens d echange dans les colonies francaises et pays de protectorat d apres les documents officiels recueillis par l administration des colonies in French The government of France Retrieved 22 January 2022 Sử Việt đọc vai quyển Chương IV Tiền bạc văn chương va lịch sử Archived from the original on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2011 06 13 ED TODA 1882 ANNAM and its minor currency Retrieved 23 July 2017 De Rode Leeuw Armorial of Vietnam by Hubert de Vries Retrieved 19 August 2021 Ths Hoang Nguyệt Thạc sĩ Hoang Nguyệt 1 April 2016 Triều Nguyễn với chinh sach đuc va lưu thong tiền tệ 06 21 AM 01 04 2016 Noi về sự phat triển tiền tệ dưới triều Nguyễn co thể khẳng định đay la một triều đại tiền tệ phat triển rất phong phu Ngoai những đồng tiền căn bản la tiền đồng va tiền kẽm con co cả vang bạc dung trong lưu thong in Vietnamese Trung tam Lưu trữ quốc gia I National Archives Nr 1 Hanoi Cục Văn thư va Lưu trữ nha nước State Records And Archives Management Department Of Việt Nam Retrieved 4 February 2022 a b c d Gillingham Harrold E Harrold Edgar 1864 1954 1928 Notes on the decorations and medals of the French colonies and protectorates American Numismatic Society Retrieved 20 March 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link External links editVietnamese imperial coinage Descriptions of Vietnamese imperial coinage in Vietnamese nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tiền currency unit nbsp This money or currency related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tiền amp oldid 1177130533, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
