Thomas Courtenay, 6th/14th Earl of Devon (1432 – 3 April 1461), was the eldest son of Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, by his wife Margaret Beaufort, the daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and Margaret Holland, daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent. Through his mother, he was a great-great-grandson of King Edward III. The ordinal number given to the early Courtenay Earls of Devon depends on whether the earldom is deemed a new creation by the letters patent granted 22 February 1334/5 or whether it is deemed a restitution of the old dignity of the de Redvers family. Authorities differ in their opinions,[1] and thus alternative ordinal numbers exist, given here.
Henry Courtenay (d. 17 January 1469), esquire, of West Coker, Somerset, de jure 7th Earl of Devon,[3] beheaded for treason in the market place at Salisbury, Wiltshire on 17 January 1469.
Elizabeth Courtenay (born c. 1449), who married, before March 1490, Sir Hugh Conway.
Anne Courtenay
Eleanor Courtenay
Maud Courtenay.
Careeredit
Thomas Courtenay was 26 years old when his father died on 3 February 1458.[4] The Courtenay family were among the greatest magnates of the south-west, particularly in Devon, where they had their greatest concentration of estates and dominated a tightly-knit affinity among the local gentry.[5] In the mid-fifteenth century their local supremacy had been challenged by William, Lord Bonville, leading to a violent feud which culminated in Bonville's defeat by Thomas's father at Clyst Heath in 1455. That Earl, frequently in trouble with the law for his violent behaviour, had been among the closest allies of the disaffected Richard of York in the early 1450s, but a wedge was driven between York and the Courtenays when Bonville became a client of the leading Yorkist magnate Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.
When the first major phase of the Wars of the Roses broke out in 1459, Earl Thomas remained loyal to Henry VI. After the Yorkists seized power and captured King Henry in 1460, he joined other south-western aristocrats including Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset in raising a Lancastrian army, which went to join the forces being gathered by the queen, Margaret of Anjou, in northern England. The Bonville family, fighting on the Yorkist side, were wiped out during the ensuing fighting, but the Lancastrians were decisively defeated in the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461. Courtenay was captured in the battle, and was beheaded at York on 3 April.[6] He was attainted by Parliament in November of that year, depriving his heirs of the earldom of Devon, the barony of Courtenay and his estates. Courtenay's younger brother, Henry, had been granted several manors by King Edward IV on 27 July 1461, including Topsham, and these manors were also forfeited by his elder brother's attainder. Henry himself was beheaded at Salisbury on 17 January 1469.[7]
Marriageedit
Courtenay married, at Coventry, Warwickshire, shortly after 9 September 1456, Mary of Anjou, illegitimate daughter of Charles, Count of Maine. There were no issue of the marriage. She is thought to have been the 'Countess of Devonshire' who was captured with Margaret of Anjou after the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471.[7]
Footnotesedit
^Watson, in Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition, IV, p.324 & footnote (c): "This would appear more like a restitution of the old dignity than the creation of a new earldom"; Debrett's Peerage, however, gives the ordinal numbers as if a new earldom had been created. (Montague-Smith, P.W. (ed.), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p.353)
Cokayne, George Edward (1916). The Complete Peerage, edited by Vicary Gibbs. Vol. IV. London: St. Catherine Press.
Davis, Norman, ed. (1976). 'The Paston Letters and Papers of Fifteenth century'. Vol. 2 vols. Oxford University Press.
Fiorato, V., A.; Boylston, C. Knüsel (2007). 'Blood Red Roses' (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxbow Books.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Given-Wilson, Chris (1987). The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages: the fourteenth-century political community. London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
The Nobility of Later Medieval England. London: Oxford University Press. 1973.
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)ISBN1449966373
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)ISBN1460992709
Wars of the Roses. London: Thames and Hudson. 1986.
Seward, Desmond (1995). Wars of the Roses; and the lives of five men and women in the fifteenth century. London: Constable.
Warrington, John, ed. (1956). 'The Paston Letters'. Vol. 1. New York: E.P. Dutton.
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Thomas Courtenay 6th 14th Earl of Devon 1432 3 April 1461 was the eldest son of Thomas de Courtenay 5th 13th Earl of Devon by his wife Margaret Beaufort the daughter of John Beaufort 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl of Kent Through his mother he was a great great grandson of King Edward III The ordinal number given to the early Courtenay Earls of Devon depends on whether the earldom is deemed a new creation by the letters patent granted 22 February 1334 5 or whether it is deemed a restitution of the old dignity of the de Redvers family Authorities differ in their opinions 1 and thus alternative ordinal numbers exist given here Arms of Thomas de Courtenay The Earl of Devon Arms Quarterly 1st and 4th azure label or three torteaux for Courtenay 2nd and 3rd or a lion rampant azure for Redvers Ruins of Tiverton Castle seat of the Earls of Devon Contents 1 Family 2 Career 3 Marriage 4 Footnotes 5 ReferencesFamily editCourtenay was born in 1432 the eldest son and heir of Thomas Courtenay 13th Earl of Devon by Margaret Beaufort He had two brothers and five sisters 2 Henry Courtenay d 17 January 1469 esquire of West Coker Somerset de jure 7th Earl of Devon 3 beheaded for treason in the market place at Salisbury Wiltshire on 17 January 1469 Sir John Courtenay 1435 citation needed 3 May 1471 slain at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471 Joan Courtenay born c 1447 who married firstly Sir Roger Clifford second son of Thomas Clifford 8th Baron de Clifford beheaded after Bosworth in 1485 She married secondly Sir William Knyvet of Buckenham Norfolk Elizabeth Courtenay born c 1449 who married before March 1490 Sir Hugh Conway Anne Courtenay Eleanor Courtenay Maud Courtenay Career editThomas Courtenay was 26 years old when his father died on 3 February 1458 4 The Courtenay family were among the greatest magnates of the south west particularly in Devon where they had their greatest concentration of estates and dominated a tightly knit affinity among the local gentry 5 In the mid fifteenth century their local supremacy had been challenged by William Lord Bonville leading to a violent feud which culminated in Bonville s defeat by Thomas s father at Clyst Heath in 1455 That Earl frequently in trouble with the law for his violent behaviour had been among the closest allies of the disaffected Richard of York in the early 1450s but a wedge was driven between York and the Courtenays when Bonville became a client of the leading Yorkist magnate Richard Neville Earl of Warwick When the first major phase of the Wars of the Roses broke out in 1459 Earl Thomas remained loyal to Henry VI After the Yorkists seized power and captured King Henry in 1460 he joined other south western aristocrats including Henry Beaufort Duke of Somerset in raising a Lancastrian army which went to join the forces being gathered by the queen Margaret of Anjou in northern England The Bonville family fighting on the Yorkist side were wiped out during the ensuing fighting but the Lancastrians were decisively defeated in the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461 Courtenay was captured in the battle and was beheaded at York on 3 April 6 He was attainted by Parliament in November of that year depriving his heirs of the earldom of Devon the barony of Courtenay and his estates Courtenay s younger brother Henry had been granted several manors by King Edward IV on 27 July 1461 including Topsham and these manors were also forfeited by his elder brother s attainder Henry himself was beheaded at Salisbury on 17 January 1469 7 Marriage editCourtenay married at Coventry Warwickshire shortly after 9 September 1456 Mary of Anjou illegitimate daughter of Charles Count of Maine There were no issue of the marriage She is thought to have been the Countess of Devonshire who was captured with Margaret of Anjou after the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471 7 Footnotes edit Watson in Cokayne The Complete Peerage new edition IV p 324 amp footnote c This would appear more like a restitution of the old dignity than the creation of a new earldom Debrett s Peerage however gives the ordinal numbers as if a new earldom had been created Montague Smith P W ed Debrett s Peerage Baronetage Knightage and Companionage Kelly s Directories Ltd Kingston upon Thames 1968 p 353 Richardson I 2011 p 547 Richardson IV 2011 pp 38 43 Wagner John A 2001 Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses Santa Barbara ABC CLIO p 128 ISBN 9781851093588 Retrieved 14 December 2022 Cokayne 1916 p 327 Given Wilson 1987 pp xiv xv 75 6 80 82 163 6 174 Anthony Goodman The Wars of the Roses Dorset Press 1981 51 52 a b Richardson IV 2011 p 41 References editCokayne George Edward 1916 The Complete Peerage edited by Vicary Gibbs Vol IV London St Catherine Press Davis Norman ed 1976 The Paston Letters and Papers of Fifteenth century Vol 2 vols Oxford University Press Fiorato V A Boylston C Knusel 2007 Blood Red Roses 2nd ed Oxford Oxbow Books a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Given Wilson Chris 1987 The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages the fourteenth century political community London and New York Routledge and Kegan Paul The Nobility of Later Medieval England London Oxford University Press 1973 Richardson Douglas 2011 Magna Carta Ancestry A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families ed Kimball G Everingham Vol I 2nd ed Salt Lake City a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link ISBN 1449966373 Richardson Douglas 2011 Magna Carta Ancestry A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families ed Kimball G Everingham Vol IV 2nd ed Salt Lake City a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link ISBN 1460992709 Wars of the Roses London Thames and Hudson 1986 Seward Desmond 1995 Wars of the Roses and the lives of five men and women in the fifteenth century London Constable Warrington John ed 1956 The Paston Letters Vol 1 New York E P Dutton Peerage of England Preceded byThomas Courtenay Earl of Devon1458 1461 Succeeded byJohn Courtenay Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thomas Courtenay 14th Earl of Devon amp oldid 1217572704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
