Thiodictyon is a genus of gram-negative bacterium classified within purple sulfur bacteria (PSB).[1]
T. elegans forms "netlike aggregates under certain culture conditions." It is obligately phototrophic and strictly anaerobic.[2]
T. bacillosum does not form netlike aggregates, only clumps.[2]
"Ca. T. syntrophicum" grows best under micro-oxic and low light conditions.[3] There has only been one successful enrichment of "Ca. T. syntrophicum"; "Ca. T. syntrophicum" strain Cad16T.[4]
"Ca. T. intracellulare" is reported in 2021 as a symbiont of Pseudoblepharisma tenue. It has lost a great portion of its genome including known genes for sulfur dissimilation, but the remaining sequence place it quite close to "Ca. T. syntrophicum".[5]
Thiodictyon belongs to the family Chromatiaceae and class Gammaproteobacteria.[6] "Ca. T. syntrophicum" is known to be related to the genera Lamprocystis, Thiocystis and Thiocapsa.[1] Strain Cad16T was previously assigned to the genus Lamprocystis, but was recently reassigned to the genus Thiodictyon by Peduzzi et al.[1][4] Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to separate Cad16T from Lamprocystis due to differences in cell morphology/arrangement, caretenoid groups and chemolithotrophic growth; all of which are important factors used to consider Cad16T a member of the genus Thiodictyon rather than the genus Lamprocystis.[1]
Geneticsedit
The 16S rRNA from the type strains of the two recognized species have been sequenced.[2] The two proposed Candidatus species have had their whole genomes sequenced.[7][5]GTDB reports that several whole genomes from metagenomic samples, not yet named, are also available, clustering into three additional species-level groups.[8]
Strain Cad16Tedit
Cad16T is a novel strain of "Ca. T. syntrophicum", which was isolated from the chemocline of a crenogenic meromictic lake.[1][9] 16S rRNA gene sequence data shows that Cad16T is closely related to Thiodictyon bacillosum DSM234T (99.2% sequence similarity) and Thiodictyon elegans DSM232T (98.9% sequence similarity).[1]
Environmentedit
The Cad16T strain of "Ca. T. syntrophicum" was isolated from Lake Cadagno. This lake is crenogenic and meromictic, and its layers create diverse ecological niches which support the growth of diverse and often novel species. Lake Cadagno is euxinic, meaning it is both anoxic and sulphidic at depth. Its chemocline, which occurs at approximately 12 m, is quite narrow and has high concentrations of sulfide, sulfate, oxygen and light.[9] A turbidity maximum also correlates with the chemocline, and this is caused by high concentrations of anaerobic phototrophic sulfur bacteria.[9]
Carbon fixationedit
"Ca. T. syntrophicum" strain Cad16T has the capability for CO2 fixation, and was found to play a key role in the overall inorganic carbon fixation that occurred in Lake Cadagno.[9] Within the chemocline of Lake Cadagno, Cad16T and another isolate from the lake, CadA31 (a PSB), were the two most efficient CO2 fixing strains, and researchers found that CO2 fixation occurred in both light and dark conditions.[9] However, Cad16T was most likely the main contributor to light and dark carbon fixation within the chemocline of the lake, as Storelli et al. found that this strain assimilated approximately 25.9% of all hypothetical carbon fixed within the chemocline.[9]
Sulfur cyclingedit
Strain Cad16T of "Ca. T. syntrophicum" is a species of PSB. Researchers discovered that strain Cad16T creates and stores sulfur globules intracellularly.[1] The pure cultures of Cad16T were found to utilize sulfide and elemental sulfur as their electron donors.[1]
Cad16T is known to have syntrophic associations and cell-to-cell aggregation with Desulfocapsa sp.[1]Desulfocapsa sp. is a sulfate reducing and sulfur disproportionating bacteria found in both mixed culture and within the natural environment.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abcdefghijPeduzzi, Sandro (2012-01-15). "Candidatus "Thiodictyon syntrophicum", sp. nov., a new purple sulfur bacterium isolated from the chemocline of Lake Cadagno forming aggregates and specific associations with Desulfocapsa sp" (PDF). Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 35 (3): 289–294. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2012.01.001. PMID 22386960 – via Elsevier.
^ abcImhoff, Johannes F. (17 April 2015). "Thiodictyon". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01119. ISBN9781118960608.
^Luedin, Samuel M.; Storelli, Nicola; Danza, Francesco; Roman, Samuele; Wittwer, Matthias; Pothier, Joël F.; Tonolla, Mauro (2019-03-05). "Mixotrophic Growth Under Micro-Oxic Conditions in the Purple Sulfur Bacterium "Thiodictyon syntrophicum"". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 384. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00384. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC6413534. PMID 30891015.
^ abPeduzzi, Sandro; Tonolla, Mauro; Hahn, Dittmar (2003-07-01). "Isolation and characterization of aggregate-forming sulfate-reducing and purple sulfur bacteria from the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno, Switzerland". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 45 (1): 29–37. doi:10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00107-7. ISSN 0168-6496. PMID 19719604.
^ abMuñoz-Gómez, SA; Kreutz, M; Hess, S (June 2021). "A microbial eukaryote with a unique combination of purple bacteria and green algae as endosymbionts". Science Advances. 7 (24). Bibcode:2021SciA....7.4102M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg4102. PMC8195481. PMID 34117067.
^Luedin, Samuel M.; Storelli, Nicola; Danza, Francesco; Roman, Samuele; Wittwer, Matthias; Pothier, Joël F.; Tonolla, Mauro (2018-09-18). "Anoxygenic Photosynthesis and Dark Carbon Metabolism under micro-oxic conditions in the Purple Sulfur Bacterium "Thiodictyon syntrophicum" nov. strain Cad16T". bioRxiv: 420927. doi:10.1101/420927. hdl:11475/10946. S2CID 91852022.
^Luedin, SM; Pothier, JF; Danza, F; Storelli, N; Frigaard, NU; Wittwer, M; Tonolla, M (2018). "Complete genome sequence of "Thiodictyon syntrophicum" sp. nov. strain Cad16T, a photolithoautotrophic purple sulfur bacterium isolated from the alpine meromictic Lake Cadagno". Standards in Genomic Sciences. 13: 14. doi:10.1186/s40793-018-0317-z. PMC5944118. PMID 29774086.
^ abcdefStorelli, Nicola; Peduzzi, Sandro; Saad, Maged M.; Frigaard, Niels-Ulrik; Perret, Xavier; Tonolla, Mauro (2013-05-01). "CO2 assimilation in the chemocline of Lake Cadagno is dominated by a few types of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 84 (2): 421–432. doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12074. ISSN 0168-6496. PMID 23330958.
April 11, 2024
thiodictyon, genus, gram, negative, bacterium, classified, within, purple, sulfur, bacteria, elegans, forms, netlike, aggregates, under, certain, culture, conditions, obligately, phototrophic, strictly, anaerobic, bacillosum, does, form, netlike, aggregates, o. Thiodictyon is a genus of gram negative bacterium classified within purple sulfur bacteria PSB 1 T elegans forms netlike aggregates under certain culture conditions It is obligately phototrophic and strictly anaerobic 2 T bacillosum does not form netlike aggregates only clumps 2 Ca T syntrophicum grows best under micro oxic and low light conditions 3 There has only been one successful enrichment of Ca T syntrophicum Ca T syntrophicum strain Cad16T 4 Ca T intracellulare is reported in 2021 as a symbiont of Pseudoblepharisma tenue It has lost a great portion of its genome including known genes for sulfur dissimilation but the remaining sequence place it quite close to Ca T syntrophicum 5 ThiodictyonScientific classificationDomain BacteriaPhylum PseudomonadotaClass GammaproteobacteriaOrder ChromatialesFamily ChromatiaceaeGenus ThiodictyonSergei Winogradsky 1888SpeciesThiodictyon elegans Sergei Winogradsky 1888 Thiodictyon bacillosum Winogradsky 1888 Pfennig and Truper 1971 Ca T syntrophicum Luedin et al 2018 Ca T intracellulare Munoz Gomez et al 2021 Contents 1 Classification 2 Genetics 3 Strain Cad16T 3 1 Environment 3 2 Carbon fixation 3 3 Sulfur cycling 4 ReferencesClassification editThiodictyon belongs to the family Chromatiaceae and class Gammaproteobacteria 6 Ca T syntrophicum is known to be related to the genera Lamprocystis Thiocystis and Thiocapsa 1 Strain Cad16T was previously assigned to the genus Lamprocystis but was recently reassigned to the genus Thiodictyon by Peduzzi et al 1 4 Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry MALDI TOF MS was used to separate Cad16T from Lamprocystis due to differences in cell morphology arrangement caretenoid groups and chemolithotrophic growth all of which are important factors used to consider Cad16T a member of the genus Thiodictyon rather than the genus Lamprocystis 1 Genetics editThe 16S rRNA from the type strains of the two recognized species have been sequenced 2 The two proposed Candidatus species have had their whole genomes sequenced 7 5 GTDB reports that several whole genomes from metagenomic samples not yet named are also available clustering into three additional species level groups 8 Strain Cad16T editCad16T is a novel strain of Ca T syntrophicum which was isolated from the chemocline of a crenogenic meromictic lake 1 9 16S rRNA gene sequence data shows that Cad16T is closely related to Thiodictyon bacillosum DSM234T 99 2 sequence similarity and Thiodictyon elegans DSM232T 98 9 sequence similarity 1 Environment edit The Cad16T strain of Ca T syntrophicum was isolated from Lake Cadagno This lake is crenogenic and meromictic and its layers create diverse ecological niches which support the growth of diverse and often novel species Lake Cadagno is euxinic meaning it is both anoxic and sulphidic at depth Its chemocline which occurs at approximately 12 m is quite narrow and has high concentrations of sulfide sulfate oxygen and light 9 A turbidity maximum also correlates with the chemocline and this is caused by high concentrations of anaerobic phototrophic sulfur bacteria 9 Carbon fixation edit Ca T syntrophicum strain Cad16T has the capability for CO2 fixation and was found to play a key role in the overall inorganic carbon fixation that occurred in Lake Cadagno 9 Within the chemocline of Lake Cadagno Cad16T and another isolate from the lake CadA31 a PSB were the two most efficient CO2 fixing strains and researchers found that CO2 fixation occurred in both light and dark conditions 9 However Cad16T was most likely the main contributor to light and dark carbon fixation within the chemocline of the lake as Storelli et al found that this strain assimilated approximately 25 9 of all hypothetical carbon fixed within the chemocline 9 Sulfur cycling edit Strain Cad16T of Ca T syntrophicum is a species of PSB Researchers discovered that strain Cad16T creates and stores sulfur globules intracellularly 1 The pure cultures of Cad16T were found to utilize sulfide and elemental sulfur as their electron donors 1 Cad16T is known to have syntrophic associations and cell to cell aggregation with Desulfocapsa sp 1 Desulfocapsa sp is a sulfate reducing and sulfur disproportionating bacteria found in both mixed culture and within the natural environment 1 References edit a b c d e f g h i j Peduzzi Sandro 2012 01 15 Candidatus Thiodictyon syntrophicum sp nov a new purple sulfur bacterium isolated from the chemocline of Lake Cadagno forming aggregates and specific associations with Desulfocapsa sp PDF Systematic and Applied Microbiology 35 3 289 294 doi 10 1016 j syapm 2012 01 001 PMID 22386960 via Elsevier a b c Imhoff Johannes F 17 April 2015 Thiodictyon Bergey s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria pp 1 4 doi 10 1002 9781118960608 gbm01119 ISBN 9781118960608 Luedin Samuel M Storelli Nicola Danza Francesco Roman Samuele Wittwer Matthias Pothier Joel F Tonolla Mauro 2019 03 05 Mixotrophic Growth Under Micro Oxic Conditions in the Purple Sulfur Bacterium Thiodictyon syntrophicum Frontiers in Microbiology 10 384 doi 10 3389 fmicb 2019 00384 ISSN 1664 302X PMC 6413534 PMID 30891015 a b Peduzzi Sandro Tonolla Mauro Hahn Dittmar 2003 07 01 Isolation and characterization of aggregate forming sulfate reducing and purple sulfur bacteria from the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno Switzerland FEMS Microbiology Ecology 45 1 29 37 doi 10 1016 S0168 6496 03 00107 7 ISSN 0168 6496 PMID 19719604 a b Munoz Gomez SA Kreutz M Hess S June 2021 A microbial eukaryote with a unique combination of purple bacteria and green algae as endosymbionts Science Advances 7 24 Bibcode 2021SciA 7 4102M doi 10 1126 sciadv abg4102 PMC 8195481 PMID 34117067 Luedin Samuel M Storelli Nicola Danza Francesco Roman Samuele Wittwer Matthias Pothier Joel F Tonolla Mauro 2018 09 18 Anoxygenic Photosynthesis and Dark Carbon Metabolism under micro oxic conditions in the Purple Sulfur Bacterium Thiodictyon syntrophicum nov strain Cad16T bioRxiv 420927 doi 10 1101 420927 hdl 11475 10946 S2CID 91852022 Luedin SM Pothier JF Danza F Storelli N Frigaard NU Wittwer M Tonolla M 2018 Complete genome sequence of Thiodictyon syntrophicum sp nov strain Cad16T a photolithoautotrophic purple sulfur bacterium isolated from the alpine meromictic Lake Cadagno Standards in Genomic Sciences 13 14 doi 10 1186 s40793 018 0317 z PMC 5944118 PMID 29774086 GTDB Tree g Thiodictyon gtdb ecogenomic org a b c d e f Storelli Nicola Peduzzi Sandro Saad Maged M Frigaard Niels Ulrik Perret Xavier Tonolla Mauro 2013 05 01 CO2 assimilation in the chemocline of Lake Cadagno is dominated by a few types of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria FEMS Microbiology Ecology 84 2 421 432 doi 10 1111 1574 6941 12074 ISSN 0168 6496 PMID 23330958 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thiodictyon amp oldid 1107183860, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
