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The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power

December 15, 2023

"The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power" is an article, written in 1991 by U.S. investigative journalist Richard Behar, which is highly critical of Scientology. It was first published by Time magazine on May 6, 1991, as an eight-page cover story,[1][2] and was later published in Reader's Digest in October 1991.[3] Behar had previously published an article on Scientology in Forbes magazine. He stated that he was investigated by attorneys and private investigators affiliated with the Church of Scientology while researching the Time article, and that investigators contacted his friends and family as well. Behar's article covers topics including L. Ron Hubbard and the development of Scientology, its controversies over the years and history of litigation, conflict with psychiatry and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, the suicide of Noah Lottick, its status as a religion, and its business dealings.

The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power
Cover page in Time's issue: "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power"
WriterRichard Behar
CategoriesInvestigative journalism
FrequencyPublished in Time, May 1991 and Reader's Digest, October 1991
First issueMay 6, 1991
CountryUnited States

After the article's publication, the Church of Scientology mounted a public relations campaign to address issues in the piece. It took out advertisements in USA Today for twelve weeks, and Church leader David Miscavige was interviewed by Ted Koppel on Nightline about what he considered to be an objective bias by the article's author. Miscavige alleged that the article was actually driven by the company Eli Lilly, because of Scientology's efforts against the drug Prozac. The Church of Scientology brought a libel suit against Time Warner and Behar, and sued Reader's Digest in multiple countries in Europe in an attempt to stop the article's publication there. The suit against Time Warner was dismissed in 1996, and the Church of Scientology's petition for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States was denied in 2001.

Behar received awards in honor of his work on the article, including the Gerald Loeb Award, the Worth Bingham Prize, and the Conscience-in-Media Award. The article has had ramifications in the current treatment of Scientology in the media, with some publications theorizing that journalists are wary of the litigation that Time Warner went through. The article has been cited by Anderson Cooper on CNN, in a story on Panorama's 2007 program "Scientology and Me" on the BBC, and has been used as a reference for background on the history of Scientology, in books from both the cult and new religious movement perspectives.

Research for the article edit

 
U.S. President George H. W. Bush congratulates Richard Behar upon his receiving the Worth Bingham Prize for writing the Time article (1992).

Before penning "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power", Behar had written a 1986 article in Forbes magazine, "The Prophet and Profits of Scientology", which reported on the Church of Scientology's business dealings and L. Ron Hubbard's financial success.[4] Behar wrote that during research for "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power", he and a Time contributing editor were themselves investigated by ten attorneys and six private investigators affiliated with the Church of Scientology.[5][6][7][8] According to Behar, investigators contacted his friends and previous coworkers to ask them if he had a history of tax or drug problems, and obtained a copy of his personal credit report that had been obtained illegally from a national credit bureau.[6][8][9][10] Behar conducted 150 interviews in the course of his research for the article.[11]

Behar wrote that the motive of these operatives was to "threaten, harass and discredit him".[5][8] He later learned that the Church of Scientology had assigned its head private investigator to direct the Church's investigation into Behar.[8] Anderson Cooper 360° reported that Behar had been contacted by Church of Scientology attorneys numerous times while doing research on the article.[12] The parents of Noah Lottick, a Scientologist who had committed suicide, cooperated with Time and Reader's Digest.[13]

Synopsis edit

The full title of the article is "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power: Ruined lives. Lost fortunes. Federal crimes. Scientology poses as a religion but is really a ruthless global scam—and aiming for the mainstream".[14][15] The article reported on the founding of the Church of Scientology by L. Ron Hubbard and controversies involving the Church and its affiliated business operations, as well as the suicide of a Scientologist.[2][13] The article related the May 11, 1990, suicide of Dr. Edward Lottick's son Noah Antrim Lottick.[13] Lottick was a Russian studies student who had taken a series of Scientology courses; he died after jumping from a hotel tenth floor window.[16] The Church of Scientology and Lottick's family have differing positions on the effect Scientology coursework had on him. While none of the parties assigned blame, they expressed misgivings about his death. Initially, his father had thought that Scientology was similar to Dale Carnegie's self-improvement techniques; however, after his ordeal, the elder Lottick came to believe that the organization is a "school for psychopaths".[17] Mike Rinder, then head of the Church of Scientology's Office of Special Affairs and a Church spokesman, stated "I think Ed Lottick should look in the mirror... I think Ed Lottick made his son's life intolerable".[16]

The article outlined a brief history of Scientology, discussing Hubbard's initial background as a science fiction writer, and cited a California judge who had deemed Hubbard a "pathological liar".[2] The Church of Scientology's litigation history was described, in addition to its conflicts with the Internal Revenue Service, with countries regarding whether or not to accept it as a religion, and its position against psychiatry.[2] Behar wrote of the high costs involved in participation in the Church of Scientology, what he referred to as "front groups and financial scams", and harassment of critics.[7] He estimated that the Church of Scientology paid US$20 million annually to over one hundred attorneys.[7] Behar maintained that though the Church of Scientology portrays itself as a religion, it was actually a "hugely profitable global racket" which intimidated members and critics in a Mafia-like manner.[6][18][19]

Cynthia Kisser, then director of the Cult Awareness Network, was quoted: "Scientology is quite likely the most ruthless, the most classically terroristic, the most litigious and the most lucrative cult the country has ever seen. No cult extracts more money from its members".[2][20]

Post-publication edit

Church of Scientology's response edit

The Church of Scientology responded to the publication of "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power" by taking out color full-page ads in USA Today in May and June 1991, on every weekday for twelve weeks, denouncing the Time magazine cover article.[21] Two official Church of Scientology responses were titled "Facts vs. Fiction, A Correction of Falsehoods Contained in the May 6, 1991, Issues of Time Magazine", and "The Story That Time Couldn't Tell".[22] Prior to the advertising campaign, Scientologists distributed 88-page bound booklets which disputed points from Behar's article.[23] The "Fact vs. Fiction" piece was a 1⁄4-inch-thick (0.64 cm) booklet, which criticized Behar's article and asserted "Behar's article omits the information on the dozens of community service programs conducted by Scientologists ... which have been acknowledged by community officials".[24] One of the advertisements in USA Today accused Time of promoting Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany, and featured a 1936 issue of Time which had Hitler's picture on the front cover.[25] The Church of Scientology sent out a news release condemning Time's "horrible history of supporting fascism", and said that the article was written because Time had been pressured by "vested interests".[23] When asked by the St. Petersburg Times whether this was the case, Time Executive Editor Richard Duncan responded "Good Lord, no".[23] Heber Jentzsch, at the time president of Church of Scientology International, issued a four-page news release which stated "Advertising is the only way the church could be assured of getting its message and its side of the story out to the public without the same vested interests behind the Time article distorting it".[25]

After the advertising run critiquing Time magazine in USA Today had completed, the Church of Scientology mounted a $3 million public relations campaign about Scientology in USA Today, in June 1991.[26] The Church of Scientology placed a 48-page advertising supplement in 1.8 million copies of USA Today.[26] In a statement to the St. Petersburg Times, Scientology spokesman Richard Haworth explained "What we are trying to do is put the actual facts of Dianetics and Scientology out there".[26]

In response to the Church of Scientology's claims of inaccuracies in the article, a lawyer for Time responded "We've reviewed all of their allegations, and find nothing wrong with the Time story."[27] In June 1991, Newsweek reported that staffers for Time said they had received calls from a man claiming to be a paralegal for Time, who asked them if they had signed a confidentiality form about the article.[27] Time editors sent staffers a computer memo, warning them about calls related to the article, and staffers told Newsweek that "sources named in the story say detectives have asked about their talks with Time".[27] A Church of Scientology spokesman called the claims "scurrilous".[27]

On February 14, 1992, Scientology leader David Miscavige gave Ted Koppel his first interview on Scientology on the ABC News program Nightline.[28] The program noted that Scientology has vocal critics and cited Behar's 1991 article. Behar appeared on the program and gave his opinion of why individuals join Scientology, stating that the organization's "ulterior motive" is really to get people to take high-priced audit counseling.[28] Behar stated on the program that he had evidence that members of the Church of Scientology had obtained his personal phone records.[28] Later in the program, Koppel questioned Miscavige on the Church of Scientology's response to the Time magazine article, particularly the $3 million the church spent advertising in USA Today.[28] Miscavige explained that the first three weeks of the advertising campaign was meant to correct falsehoods from the Time article, and the rest of the twelve-week campaign was dedicated to informing the public about Scientology. Koppel asked Miscavige what specifically had upset him about the Time article, and Miscavige called Behar "a hater".[28] Miscavige noted that Behar had written an article on Scientology and the Internal Revenue Service three years before he began work on the Time piece, and made allegations that Behar had attempted to get two Scientologists kidnapped. When Koppel questioned Miscavige further on this, Miscavige said that individuals had contacted Behar after an earlier article, and Behar had told them to "kidnap Scientologists out".[28] Koppel pressed further, noting that this was a serious charge to make, and asked Miscavige if his allegations were accurate, why he had not pressed charges for attempted kidnapping. Miscavige said Koppel was "missing the issue", and said that his real point was that he thought the article was not an objective piece.[28]

Miscavige alleged on Nightline that the article itself was published as a result of a request by Eli Lilly and Company, because of "the damage we had caused to their killer drug Prozac".[28] When Koppel asked Miscavige if he had affidavits or evidence to this effect, Miscavige responded "You think they'd admit it?"[28] Miscavige stated that "Eli Lilly ordered a reprint of 750,000 copies of Time magazine before it came out", and that his attempts to investigate the matter with Eli Lilly and associated advertising companies were not successful.[28]

Litigation edit

The Church brought a libel lawsuit against Time Warner and Behar, seeking damages of $416 million.[9][29] The Church alleged false and defamatory statements were made concerning the Church of Scientology International in the Time article.[30] More specifically, the Church of Scientology's court statements claimed that Behar had been refining an anti-Scientology focus since his 1986 article in Forbes, which included gathering negative materials about Scientology, and "never accepting anything a Scientologist said and uniformly ignoring anything positive he learned about the Church".[30] In its initial complaint filing, the Church quoted portions of the Behar article that it alleged were false and defamatory, including the quote from Cynthia Kisser, and Behar's own assertion that Scientology was a "global racket" that intimidated individuals in a "Mafia-like manner".[30]

 
Bound volumes of documents from U.S. federal court proceedings, in the case Church of Scientology International vs. Time Warner Inc. and Richard Behar

Noah Lottick's parents submitted affidavits in the case, in which they "affirmed the accuracy of each statement in the article"; Edward Lottick "concluded that Scientology therapies were manipulations, and that no Scientology staff members attended the funeral" of their son.[30] During the litigation, the Church of Scientology attempted to subpoena Behar in a separate ongoing lawsuit with the Internal Revenue Service, and accused a federal magistrate of leaking information to him.[31] Behar was questioned for over 190 hours during 30 days of depositions with Scientology attorneys in the libel case.[31] One question was about Behar's life in his parents' home while he was still inside the womb.[31] St. Petersburg Times explained that this question was prompted by Scientology teachings that certain problems come from prenatal memories.[31] Behar told the St. Petersburg Times he "felt it was extremely excessive".[31] In a countersuit, Behar brought up the issues of Church of Scientology private investigators and what he viewed as harassment.[9][31] By July 1996, all counts of the libel suit had been dismissed.[12][32] In the course of the litigation through 1996, Time Warner had spent $7.3 million in legal defense costs.[31] The Church of Scientology also sued several individuals quoted in the Time article.[31]

The Church of Scientology sued Reader's Digest in Switzerland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany for publishing a condensed version of the Time story.[33] The only court to provide a temporary injunction was in Lausanne, Switzerland.[34] In France, Italy, and the Netherlands, the courts either dismissed the Church of Scientology's motions, or set injunction hearings far beyond the date of actual publication.[33] The company defied the injunction and mailed copies of the article, "Scientology: A Dangerous Cult Goes Mainstream", to their 326,000 Swiss subscribers.[33] Worldwide editor-in-chief of Reader's Digest, Kenneth Tomlinson, told The New York Times that "a publisher cannot accept a court prohibiting distribution of a serious journalistic piece. ... The court order violates freedom of speech and freedom of the press".[33] The Church of Scientology subsequently filed a criminal complaint against the Digest in Lausanne, and Mike Rinder stated it was in blatant violation of the law.[33] By defying the Swiss court ban, the Reader's Digest risked a fine of about $3,400, as well as a potential three months' jail time for the Swiss Digest editor-in-chief.[33] A hearing on the injunction was set for November 11, 1991, and the injunction was later lifted by the Swiss court.[33][35]

In January 2001, a United States federal appeals court upheld the dismissal of the Church of Scientology International's case against Time Warner.[36] In its opinion, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that Time Warner had not published "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power" with an actual intent of malice,[37] a standard that must be met for libel cases involving individuals and public groups.[37] On October 1, 2001, the Supreme Court of the United States refused to consider reinstating the church's libel case Church of Scientology International v. Time Warner Inc., 00-1683.[37][38] Time Warner said it refused to be "intimidated by the church's apparently limitless legal resources."[37] In arguments presented to the Supreme Court, the Church of Scientology acknowledged that church officials had "committed improper acts" in the past, but also claimed that: "allegations of past misconduct were false and distorted, the result of the misunderstanding, suspicion and prejudice that typically greet a new religion".[37] Of the rulings for Time Warner, the Church of Scientology complained that they "provide a safe harbor for biased journalism".[37] Behar commented on the Church of Scientology's legal defeat, and said that the lawsuit had a chilling effect: "It's a tremendous defeat for Scientology ... But of course their doctrine states that the purpose of a suit is to harass, not to win, so from that perspective they hurt us all. They've had a real chilling effect on journalism, both before and after my piece".[14]

Awards edit

 
Gerald Loeb Award
 
Worth Bingham Prize
 
Conscience-in-Media Award
Awards received by Time and Richard Behar

As a result of writing the piece, Behar was presented with the 1992 Gerald Loeb Award for distinguished business and financial journalism, the Worth Bingham Prize,[39] the Conscience-in-Media Award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors,[32][40] awarded to "those who have demonstrated singular commitment to the highest principles of journalism at notable personal cost or sacrifice,"[41] and the Cult Awareness Network's Leo J. Ryan Award, in honor of Congressman Leo J. Ryan.[42][43] Paulette Cooper was also awarded the 1992 Conscience-in-Media Award by the American Society of Journalists and Authors, for her book The Scandal of Scientology.[40] This was the only time in the history of the American Society of Journalists and Authors that the award was presented to more than one journalist in the same year.[40]

In a February 1992 issue of Time, editor Elizabeth Valk congratulated Behar on his Conscience-in-Media Award, stating "Needless to say, we are delighted and proud".[41] Valk noted that the honor had only been awarded seven times in the previous seventeen years of its existence.[41] Managing editor Henry Muller also congratulated Behar in an April 1992 issue of Time.[44]

Analysis edit

Insane Therapy noted that Scientology "achieved more notoriety ... with the publication of the journalist Richard Behar's highly critical article".[7] Larson's Book of World Religions and Alternative Spirituality described the cover design of the article as it appeared in Time, writing that it "shouted" the headline from the magazine cover.[18] In a 2005 piece, Salon.com magazine noted that for those interested in the Church of Scientology, the Time article still remains a "milestone in news coverage", and that those who back the Church believe it was "an outrageously biased account".[19]

Legacy edit

The Church of Scientology's use of private investigators was cited in a 1998 article in the Boston Herald, and compared to Behar's experiences when researching "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power".[5] After the paper ran a five-part series of critical articles in 1998, then Church of Scientology President Heber Jentzsch confirmed that a private investigative firm was hired to look into the personal life of Joseph Mallia, the reporter who wrote the articles.[5] In a later piece titled "Church of Scientology probes Herald reporter—Investigation follows pattern of harassment" this investigation was likened to Behar's assertions of harassment, as well as other reporters' experiences from 1974, 1988, and 1997.[5]

Because of the history of conflict between Reader's Digest and Scientology, the writer of a 2005 cover story on Tom Cruise agreed to certain demands, including giving Scientology issues equal play in the writer's profile of Cruise, submitting questions for Cruise to Church of Scientology handlers, and sending the writer of the article to a one-day Church immersion course.[45] Also in 2005, an article in Salon questioned whether the tactics of the Church's litigation and private investigations of Time Warner and other media sources had succeeded in decreasing the amount of investigative journalism pieces on Scientology in the press.[19] A 2005 article in The Sunday Times cited the article, and came to the determination that the Church of Scientology's lawsuit against Time Warner "served to warn off other potential investigations", and that "The chill evidently lingers still".[46]

"The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power" continues to be used today by journalists in the media, as a reference for historical information on the Church of Scientology.[47][48][49][50] In April 2007, CNN anchor Anderson Cooper interviewed former Office of Special Affairs director Mike Rinder,[51] in a live piece on Anderson Cooper 360° titled "Inside Scientology".[12] The CNN story was prompted by the May 2007 airing of a BBC Panorama investigative program, "Scientology and Me". In the interview, Anderson Cooper quoted directly from "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power" article, when asking Rinder about the history of Operation Snow White, and if those tactics were currently used by the Church.[12] Rinder answered by stating that the individuals involved with Operation Snow White were no longer involved in Church of Scientology activities, and that the incident was "ancient history". Cooper then again referenced the Time magazine article noting that Behar asserted that he was illegally investigated by Scientology contacts during research for his article.[12] Cooper questioned Rinder on the dismissed lawsuit against Time Warner, and Rinder acknowledged that all of the Church of Scientology's appeals against Time Warner were eventually rejected.[12]

References edit

  1. ^ Behar, Richard (May 6, 1991). "Scientology: The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power". Time. pp. 50–57. from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e Healy, David (2004). Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression. NYU Press. p. 58. ISBN 0-8147-3669-6.
  3. ^ Behar, Richard; Burton, Thomas M. (October 1991). "A Dangerous Cult Goes Mainstream". Reader's Digest. pp. 87–92.
  4. ^ Behar, Richard (October 27, 1986). "The Prophet and Profits of Scientology". Forbes. p. 314.
  5. ^ a b c d e MacLaughlin, Jim; Gully, Andrew (March 19, 1998). "Church of Scientology probes Herald reporter: Investigation follows pattern of harassment". Boston Herald. p. 004.
  6. ^ a b c Kincaid, Cliff; Gossett, Sherrie (June 20, 2005). . Accuracy in Media. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  7. ^ a b c d Ayella, Marybeth F. (1998). Insane Therapy: Portrait of a Psychotherapy Cult. Temple University Press. p. 9. ISBN 1-56639-601-8.
  8. ^ a b c d Linn, Virginia; Semuels, Alana (July 31, 2005). "PostScript: When scientologists aren't so clear: Leaders of the Church of Scientology have long had the reputation of being uncooperative with the media. Still, we were surprised at their tenaciousness in trying to control our stories". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  9. ^ a b c Frantz, Douglas (March 9, 1997). . The New York Times. p. 31. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  10. ^ Mitchell, Susan (July 17, 2005). "Scientology: A solution for life or just an evil cult?". The Sunday Business Post.
  11. ^ Morton, Andrew (January 15, 2008). Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-312-35986-7.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Cooper, Anderson (April 14, 2007). "Massive Manhunt Continues For Three Missing U.S. Soldiers in Iraq; Inside Scientology". Anderson Cooper 360°. CNN. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  13. ^ a b c Lottick, Edward (1993). . Cult Observer. International Cultic Studies Association. 10 (3). Archived from the original on October 24, 2004. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  14. ^ a b Marr, David (January 19, 2008). "Print and be damned: CULT". The Age (1st ed.). p. 3, Insight section.
  15. ^ Staff (April 30, 1991). "Time takes a critical look at Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. p. 3B.
  16. ^ a b Morgan, Lucy (February 8, 1998). . St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2007.
  17. ^ Church of Scientology International v. Time Warner, Inc., et al., 92 Civ. 3024 (PKL), Judge Leisure, Opinion and Order (United States District Court for the Southern District of New York July 16, 1996).
  18. ^ a b Larson, Bob (2004). Larson's Book of World Religions and Alternative Spirituality. Tyndale House Publishers. p. 431. ISBN 0-8423-6417-X.
  19. ^ a b c Strupp, Joe (June 30, 2005). . Salon. pp. 1–3. Archived from the original on January 7, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  20. ^ Signorile, Michelangelo (May 4, 1993). Queer in America: Sex, the Media, and the Closets of Power. Random House. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-679-41309-7.
  21. ^ Staff (May 31, 1991). "Scientology's Critical Ads". The New York Times. p. D5.
  22. ^ Miller, Timothy (1995). America's Alternative Religions. SUNY Press. p. 390. ISBN 0-7914-2398-0.
  23. ^ a b c Krueger, Curtis (May 29, 1991). "Scientology lambasts Time magazine in ad". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1B.
  24. ^ Cote, Neil (May 10, 1991). "Church whiffs while trying to whomp Wogs". The Tampa Tribune. p. 1.
  25. ^ a b Duckworth, Erika N. (May 29, 1991). "Church of Scientology Attacks Time". Greensboro News & Record. p. B3.
  26. ^ a b c Holifield, Rhonda (June 29, 1991). "Scientologists answer critics with advertising". St. Petersburg Times.
  27. ^ a b c d Howard, Lucy; Gregory Cerio (June 10, 1991). "Scientology Takes On Time". Newsweek. p. 8.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Koppel, Ted; Sawyer, Forest (November 18, 2006) [February 14, 1992]. "Scientology Leader Gave ABC First-Ever Interview: David Miscavige, Scientology Leader and Best Man at Tom Cruise's Wedding, Spoke to ABC News' 'Nightline' in 1992". Nightline. ABC News. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  29. ^ Kumar, J.P. (Summer 1997). ""Fair Game": Leveling the Playing Field in Scientology Litigation". The Review of Litigation. 16: 747.
  30. ^ a b c d Leisure, District Judge. . United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. pp. 92 Civ. 3024 (PKL), Opinion and Order. Archived from the original on November 10, 2004. Retrieved October 25, 2007 – via Court TV, library Web site.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h Morgan, Lucy (January 28, 1998). . St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on October 1, 1999. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
  32. ^ a b Staff (July 16, 1996). "Judge Dismisses Church of Scientology's $416 Million Lawsuit Against Time Magazine". Business Wire.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g Carmody, Deirdre (October 2, 1991). . The New York Times. pp. D6. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  34. ^ Steffens, Brian (November–December 1991). "Scientology's Current Target: Reader's Digest". The Quill. p. 39. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  35. ^ Staff (November 27, 1991). . The New York Times. p. D15. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  36. ^ Staff (January 13, 2001). "Time Magazine wins approval of libel suit dismissal". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. p. F2.
  37. ^ a b c d e f Staff (October 1, 2001). "Court Passes on Scientology Libel Case". Associated Press.
  38. ^ First Amendment Center Online staff (October 2, 2001). "High court refuses to hear First Amendment appeals". First Amendment Center. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 15, 2004. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
  39. ^ Ebner, Mark; Andrew Breitbart (2004). Hollywood, Interrupted: Insanity Chic in Babylon – The Case Against Celebrity. John Wiley and Sons. p. 362. ISBN 0-471-45051-0.
  40. ^ a b c Staff (2007). "ASJA Award Recipients: Outstanding Author Awards". American Society of Journalists and Authors. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
  41. ^ a b c Valk, Elizabeth P. (February 24, 1992). . Time. p. 16. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  42. ^ Behar, Richard (1992). "Richard Behar, acceptance speech, 1992 Leo J. Ryan award". (OLD) Cult Awareness Network conference, Los Angeles. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  43. ^ Henderson, Bob (December 28, 1992). "Hubbard from Pinellas to Russia". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1.
  44. ^ Muller, Henry (April 13, 1992). . Time. p. 20. Archived from the original on December 24, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  45. ^ Staff (June 8, 2005). . Radar Online. Archived from the original on June 11, 2005.
  46. ^ Rowan, David (July 12, 2005). "Tom, three questions for you: The film star should be facing robust media interrogation about Scientology, but there is craven silence". The Sunday Times. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  47. ^ O'Keefe, Mark (September 26, 1996). "Church of Scientology Is No Stranger to Criticism". The Oregonian. p. A16.
  48. ^ "Science Fiction? – Factual results needed from reading program". The Commercial Appeal. September 5, 1995. p. A6.
  49. ^ Estrada, Heron Marquez (October 22, 2005). "Scientology: Fact or fiction? The Church of Scientology, after years out of the spotlight, is under renewed scrutiny—and the object of greater curiosity in the Twin Cities—following Tom Cruise's public psychoanalysis spat with Brooke Shields". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. p. 12E.
  50. ^ Friedman, Roger (June 21, 2005). . Fox News. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
  51. ^ Cook, John (March 17, 2008). . Radar Online. Archived from the original on March 24, 2008.

Further reading edit

  • Behar, Richard (May 6, 1991). . Time. Archived from the original on November 10, 2007. Companion article to main article, also by Behar.
  •   Works related to Church of Scientology v. Behar and Opinion of the Court at Wikisource
  •   Works related to Church of Scientology International v. Time Warner, Inc., et al. at Wikisource

External links edit

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December 15, 2023
thriving, cult, greed, power, article, written, 1991, investigative, journalist, richard, behar, which, highly, critical, scientology, first, published, time, magazine, 1991, eight, page, cover, story, later, published, reader, digest, october, 1991, behar, pr. The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power is an article written in 1991 by U S investigative journalist Richard Behar which is highly critical of Scientology It was first published by Time magazine on May 6 1991 as an eight page cover story 1 2 and was later published in Reader s Digest in October 1991 3 Behar had previously published an article on Scientology in Forbes magazine He stated that he was investigated by attorneys and private investigators affiliated with the Church of Scientology while researching the Time article and that investigators contacted his friends and family as well Behar s article covers topics including L Ron Hubbard and the development of Scientology its controversies over the years and history of litigation conflict with psychiatry and the U S Internal Revenue Service the suicide of Noah Lottick its status as a religion and its business dealings The Thriving Cult of Greed and PowerCover page in Time s issue The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power WriterRichard BeharCategoriesInvestigative journalismFrequencyPublished in Time May 1991 and Reader s Digest October 1991First issueMay 6 1991CountryUnited StatesAfter the article s publication the Church of Scientology mounted a public relations campaign to address issues in the piece It took out advertisements in USA Today for twelve weeks and Church leader David Miscavige was interviewed by Ted Koppel on Nightline about what he considered to be an objective bias by the article s author Miscavige alleged that the article was actually driven by the company Eli Lilly because of Scientology s efforts against the drug Prozac The Church of Scientology brought a libel suit against Time Warner and Behar and sued Reader s Digest in multiple countries in Europe in an attempt to stop the article s publication there The suit against Time Warner was dismissed in 1996 and the Church of Scientology s petition for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States was denied in 2001 Behar received awards in honor of his work on the article including the Gerald Loeb Award the Worth Bingham Prize and the Conscience in Media Award The article has had ramifications in the current treatment of Scientology in the media with some publications theorizing that journalists are wary of the litigation that Time Warner went through The article has been cited by Anderson Cooper on CNN in a story on Panorama s 2007 program Scientology and Me on the BBC and has been used as a reference for background on the history of Scientology in books from both the cult and new religious movement perspectives Contents 1 Research for the article 2 Synopsis 3 Post publication 3 1 Church of Scientology s response 3 2 Litigation 3 3 Awards 4 Analysis 5 Legacy 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksResearch for the article edit nbsp U S President George H W Bush congratulates Richard Behar upon his receiving the Worth Bingham Prize for writing the Time article 1992 Before penning The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power Behar had written a 1986 article in Forbes magazine The Prophet and Profits of Scientology which reported on the Church of Scientology s business dealings and L Ron Hubbard s financial success 4 Behar wrote that during research for The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power he and a Time contributing editor were themselves investigated by ten attorneys and six private investigators affiliated with the Church of Scientology 5 6 7 8 According to Behar investigators contacted his friends and previous coworkers to ask them if he had a history of tax or drug problems and obtained a copy of his personal credit report that had been obtained illegally from a national credit bureau 6 8 9 10 Behar conducted 150 interviews in the course of his research for the article 11 Behar wrote that the motive of these operatives was to threaten harass and discredit him 5 8 He later learned that the Church of Scientology had assigned its head private investigator to direct the Church s investigation into Behar 8 Anderson Cooper 360 reported that Behar had been contacted by Church of Scientology attorneys numerous times while doing research on the article 12 The parents of Noah Lottick a Scientologist who had committed suicide cooperated with Time and Reader s Digest 13 Synopsis editThe full title of the article is The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power Ruined lives Lost fortunes Federal crimes Scientology poses as a religion but is really a ruthless global scam and aiming for the mainstream 14 15 The article reported on the founding of the Church of Scientology by L Ron Hubbard and controversies involving the Church and its affiliated business operations as well as the suicide of a Scientologist 2 13 The article related the May 11 1990 suicide of Dr Edward Lottick s son Noah Antrim Lottick 13 Lottick was a Russian studies student who had taken a series of Scientology courses he died after jumping from a hotel tenth floor window 16 The Church of Scientology and Lottick s family have differing positions on the effect Scientology coursework had on him While none of the parties assigned blame they expressed misgivings about his death Initially his father had thought that Scientology was similar to Dale Carnegie s self improvement techniques however after his ordeal the elder Lottick came to believe that the organization is a school for psychopaths 17 Mike Rinder then head of the Church of Scientology s Office of Special Affairs and a Church spokesman stated I think Ed Lottick should look in the mirror I think Ed Lottick made his son s life intolerable 16 The article outlined a brief history of Scientology discussing Hubbard s initial background as a science fiction writer and cited a California judge who had deemed Hubbard a pathological liar 2 The Church of Scientology s litigation history was described in addition to its conflicts with the Internal Revenue Service with countries regarding whether or not to accept it as a religion and its position against psychiatry 2 Behar wrote of the high costs involved in participation in the Church of Scientology what he referred to as front groups and financial scams and harassment of critics 7 He estimated that the Church of Scientology paid US 20 million annually to over one hundred attorneys 7 Behar maintained that though the Church of Scientology portrays itself as a religion it was actually a hugely profitable global racket which intimidated members and critics in a Mafia like manner 6 18 19 Cynthia Kisser then director of the Cult Awareness Network was quoted Scientology is quite likely the most ruthless the most classically terroristic the most litigious and the most lucrative cult the country has ever seen No cult extracts more money from its members 2 20 Post publication editChurch of Scientology s response edit The Church of Scientology responded to the publication of The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power by taking out color full page ads in USA Today in May and June 1991 on every weekday for twelve weeks denouncing the Time magazine cover article 21 Two official Church of Scientology responses were titled Facts vs Fiction A Correction of Falsehoods Contained in the May 6 1991 Issues of Time Magazine and The Story That Time Couldn t Tell 22 Prior to the advertising campaign Scientologists distributed 88 page bound booklets which disputed points from Behar s article 23 The Fact vs Fiction piece was a 1 4 inch thick 0 64 cm booklet which criticized Behar s article and asserted Behar s article omits the information on the dozens of community service programs conducted by Scientologists which have been acknowledged by community officials 24 One of the advertisements in USA Today accused Time of promoting Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany and featured a 1936 issue of Time which had Hitler s picture on the front cover 25 The Church of Scientology sent out a news release condemning Time s horrible history of supporting fascism and said that the article was written because Time had been pressured by vested interests 23 When asked by the St Petersburg Times whether this was the case Time Executive Editor Richard Duncan responded Good Lord no 23 Heber Jentzsch at the time president of Church of Scientology International issued a four page news release which stated Advertising is the only way the church could be assured of getting its message and its side of the story out to the public without the same vested interests behind the Time article distorting it 25 After the advertising run critiquing Time magazine in USA Today had completed the Church of Scientology mounted a 3 million public relations campaign about Scientology in USA Today in June 1991 26 The Church of Scientology placed a 48 page advertising supplement in 1 8 million copies of USA Today 26 In a statement to the St Petersburg Times Scientology spokesman Richard Haworth explained What we are trying to do is put the actual facts of Dianetics and Scientology out there 26 In response to the Church of Scientology s claims of inaccuracies in the article a lawyer for Time responded We ve reviewed all of their allegations and find nothing wrong with the Time story 27 In June 1991 Newsweek reported that staffers for Time said they had received calls from a man claiming to be a paralegal for Time who asked them if they had signed a confidentiality form about the article 27 Time editors sent staffers a computer memo warning them about calls related to the article and staffers told Newsweek that sources named in the story say detectives have asked about their talks with Time 27 A Church of Scientology spokesman called the claims scurrilous 27 On February 14 1992 Scientology leader David Miscavige gave Ted Koppel his first interview on Scientology on the ABC News program Nightline 28 The program noted that Scientology has vocal critics and cited Behar s 1991 article Behar appeared on the program and gave his opinion of why individuals join Scientology stating that the organization s ulterior motive is really to get people to take high priced audit counseling 28 Behar stated on the program that he had evidence that members of the Church of Scientology had obtained his personal phone records 28 Later in the program Koppel questioned Miscavige on the Church of Scientology s response to the Time magazine article particularly the 3 million the church spent advertising in USA Today 28 Miscavige explained that the first three weeks of the advertising campaign was meant to correct falsehoods from the Time article and the rest of the twelve week campaign was dedicated to informing the public about Scientology Koppel asked Miscavige what specifically had upset him about the Time article and Miscavige called Behar a hater 28 Miscavige noted that Behar had written an article on Scientology and the Internal Revenue Service three years before he began work on the Time piece and made allegations that Behar had attempted to get two Scientologists kidnapped When Koppel questioned Miscavige further on this Miscavige said that individuals had contacted Behar after an earlier article and Behar had told them to kidnap Scientologists out 28 Koppel pressed further noting that this was a serious charge to make and asked Miscavige if his allegations were accurate why he had not pressed charges for attempted kidnapping Miscavige said Koppel was missing the issue and said that his real point was that he thought the article was not an objective piece 28 Miscavige alleged on Nightline that the article itself was published as a result of a request by Eli Lilly and Company because of the damage we had caused to their killer drug Prozac 28 When Koppel asked Miscavige if he had affidavits or evidence to this effect Miscavige responded You think they d admit it 28 Miscavige stated that Eli Lilly ordered a reprint of 750 000 copies of Time magazine before it came out and that his attempts to investigate the matter with Eli Lilly and associated advertising companies were not successful 28 Litigation edit The Church brought a libel lawsuit against Time Warner and Behar seeking damages of 416 million 9 29 The Church alleged false and defamatory statements were made concerning the Church of Scientology International in the Time article 30 More specifically the Church of Scientology s court statements claimed that Behar had been refining an anti Scientology focus since his 1986 article in Forbes which included gathering negative materials about Scientology and never accepting anything a Scientologist said and uniformly ignoring anything positive he learned about the Church 30 In its initial complaint filing the Church quoted portions of the Behar article that it alleged were false and defamatory including the quote from Cynthia Kisser and Behar s own assertion that Scientology was a global racket that intimidated individuals in a Mafia like manner 30 nbsp Bound volumes of documents from U S federal court proceedings in the case Church of Scientology International vs Time Warner Inc and Richard BeharNoah Lottick s parents submitted affidavits in the case in which they affirmed the accuracy of each statement in the article Edward Lottick concluded that Scientology therapies were manipulations and that no Scientology staff members attended the funeral of their son 30 During the litigation the Church of Scientology attempted to subpoena Behar in a separate ongoing lawsuit with the Internal Revenue Service and accused a federal magistrate of leaking information to him 31 Behar was questioned for over 190 hours during 30 days of depositions with Scientology attorneys in the libel case 31 One question was about Behar s life in his parents home while he was still inside the womb 31 St Petersburg Times explained that this question was prompted by Scientology teachings that certain problems come from prenatal memories 31 Behar told the St Petersburg Times he felt it was extremely excessive 31 In a countersuit Behar brought up the issues of Church of Scientology private investigators and what he viewed as harassment 9 31 By July 1996 all counts of the libel suit had been dismissed 12 32 In the course of the litigation through 1996 Time Warner had spent 7 3 million in legal defense costs 31 The Church of Scientology also sued several individuals quoted in the Time article 31 The Church of Scientology sued Reader s Digest in Switzerland France Italy the Netherlands and Germany for publishing a condensed version of the Time story 33 The only court to provide a temporary injunction was in Lausanne Switzerland 34 In France Italy and the Netherlands the courts either dismissed the Church of Scientology s motions or set injunction hearings far beyond the date of actual publication 33 The company defied the injunction and mailed copies of the article Scientology A Dangerous Cult Goes Mainstream to their 326 000 Swiss subscribers 33 Worldwide editor in chief of Reader s Digest Kenneth Tomlinson told The New York Times that a publisher cannot accept a court prohibiting distribution of a serious journalistic piece The court order violates freedom of speech and freedom of the press 33 The Church of Scientology subsequently filed a criminal complaint against the Digest in Lausanne and Mike Rinder stated it was in blatant violation of the law 33 By defying the Swiss court ban the Reader s Digest risked a fine of about 3 400 as well as a potential three months jail time for the Swiss Digest editor in chief 33 A hearing on the injunction was set for November 11 1991 and the injunction was later lifted by the Swiss court 33 35 In January 2001 a United States federal appeals court upheld the dismissal of the Church of Scientology International s case against Time Warner 36 In its opinion the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that Time Warner had not published The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power with an actual intent of malice 37 a standard that must be met for libel cases involving individuals and public groups 37 On October 1 2001 the Supreme Court of the United States refused to consider reinstating the church s libel case Church of Scientology International v Time Warner Inc 00 1683 37 38 Time Warner said it refused to be intimidated by the church s apparently limitless legal resources 37 In arguments presented to the Supreme Court the Church of Scientology acknowledged that church officials had committed improper acts in the past but also claimed that allegations of past misconduct were false and distorted the result of the misunderstanding suspicion and prejudice that typically greet a new religion 37 Of the rulings for Time Warner the Church of Scientology complained that they provide a safe harbor for biased journalism 37 Behar commented on the Church of Scientology s legal defeat and said that the lawsuit had a chilling effect It s a tremendous defeat for Scientology But of course their doctrine states that the purpose of a suit is to harass not to win so from that perspective they hurt us all They ve had a real chilling effect on journalism both before and after my piece 14 Awards edit nbsp Gerald Loeb Award nbsp Worth Bingham Prize nbsp Conscience in Media AwardAwards received by Time and Richard Behar As a result of writing the piece Behar was presented with the 1992 Gerald Loeb Award for distinguished business and financial journalism the Worth Bingham Prize 39 the Conscience in Media Award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors 32 40 awarded to those who have demonstrated singular commitment to the highest principles of journalism at notable personal cost or sacrifice 41 and the Cult Awareness Network s Leo J Ryan Award in honor of Congressman Leo J Ryan 42 43 Paulette Cooper was also awarded the 1992 Conscience in Media Award by the American Society of Journalists and Authors for her book The Scandal of Scientology 40 This was the only time in the history of the American Society of Journalists and Authors that the award was presented to more than one journalist in the same year 40 In a February 1992 issue of Time editor Elizabeth Valk congratulated Behar on his Conscience in Media Award stating Needless to say we are delighted and proud 41 Valk noted that the honor had only been awarded seven times in the previous seventeen years of its existence 41 Managing editor Henry Muller also congratulated Behar in an April 1992 issue of Time 44 Analysis editInsane Therapy noted that Scientology achieved more notoriety with the publication of the journalist Richard Behar s highly critical article 7 Larson s Book of World Religions and Alternative Spirituality described the cover design of the article as it appeared in Time writing that it shouted the headline from the magazine cover 18 In a 2005 piece Salon com magazine noted that for those interested in the Church of Scientology the Time article still remains a milestone in news coverage and that those who back the Church believe it was an outrageously biased account 19 Legacy editThe Church of Scientology s use of private investigators was cited in a 1998 article in the Boston Herald and compared to Behar s experiences when researching The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power 5 After the paper ran a five part series of critical articles in 1998 then Church of Scientology President Heber Jentzsch confirmed that a private investigative firm was hired to look into the personal life of Joseph Mallia the reporter who wrote the articles 5 In a later piece titled Church of Scientology probes Herald reporter Investigation follows pattern of harassment this investigation was likened to Behar s assertions of harassment as well as other reporters experiences from 1974 1988 and 1997 5 Because of the history of conflict between Reader s Digest and Scientology the writer of a 2005 cover story on Tom Cruise agreed to certain demands including giving Scientology issues equal play in the writer s profile of Cruise submitting questions for Cruise to Church of Scientology handlers and sending the writer of the article to a one day Church immersion course 45 Also in 2005 an article in Salon questioned whether the tactics of the Church s litigation and private investigations of Time Warner and other media sources had succeeded in decreasing the amount of investigative journalism pieces on Scientology in the press 19 A 2005 article in The Sunday Times cited the article and came to the determination that the Church of Scientology s lawsuit against Time Warner served to warn off other potential investigations and that The chill evidently lingers still 46 The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power continues to be used today by journalists in the media as a reference for historical information on the Church of Scientology 47 48 49 50 In April 2007 CNN anchor Anderson Cooper interviewed former Office of Special Affairs director Mike Rinder 51 in a live piece on Anderson Cooper 360 titled Inside Scientology 12 The CNN story was prompted by the May 2007 airing of a BBC Panorama investigative program Scientology and Me In the interview Anderson Cooper quoted directly from The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power article when asking Rinder about the history of Operation Snow White and if those tactics were currently used by the Church 12 Rinder answered by stating that the individuals involved with Operation Snow White were no longer involved in Church of Scientology activities and that the incident was ancient history Cooper then again referenced the Time magazine article noting that Behar asserted that he was illegally investigated by Scientology contacts during research for his article 12 Cooper questioned Rinder on the dismissed lawsuit against Time Warner and Rinder acknowledged that all of the Church of Scientology s appeals against Time Warner were eventually rejected 12 References edit Behar Richard May 6 1991 Scientology The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power Time pp 50 57 Archived from the original on May 25 2014 Retrieved March 20 2014 a b c d e Healy David 2004 Let Them Eat Prozac The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression NYU Press p 58 ISBN 0 8147 3669 6 Behar Richard Burton Thomas M October 1991 A Dangerous Cult Goes Mainstream Reader s Digest pp 87 92 Behar Richard October 27 1986 The Prophet and Profits of Scientology Forbes p 314 a b c d e MacLaughlin Jim Gully Andrew March 19 1998 Church of Scientology probes Herald reporter Investigation follows pattern of harassment Boston Herald p 004 a b c Kincaid Cliff Gossett Sherrie June 20 2005 The Press and Scientology Accuracy in Media Archived from the original on December 22 2007 Retrieved October 25 2007 a b c d Ayella Marybeth F 1998 Insane Therapy Portrait of a Psychotherapy Cult Temple University Press p 9 ISBN 1 56639 601 8 a b c d Linn Virginia Semuels Alana July 31 2005 PostScript When scientologists aren t so clear Leaders of the Church of Scientology have long had the reputation of being uncooperative with the media Still we were surprised at their tenaciousness in trying to control our stories Pittsburgh Post Gazette Retrieved October 25 2007 a b c Frantz Douglas March 9 1997 An Ultra Aggressive Use of Investigators and the Courts The New York Times p 31 Archived from the original on March 8 2021 Retrieved October 25 2007 Mitchell Susan July 17 2005 Scientology A solution for life or just an evil cult The Sunday Business Post Morton Andrew January 15 2008 Tom Cruise An Unauthorized Biography New York St Martin s Press p 155 ISBN 978 0 312 35986 7 a b c d e f Cooper Anderson April 14 2007 Massive Manhunt Continues For Three Missing U S Soldiers in Iraq Inside Scientology Anderson Cooper 360 CNN Retrieved October 25 2007 a b c Lottick Edward 1993 Survey Reveals Physicians Experience with Cults Cult Observer International Cultic Studies Association 10 3 Archived from the original on October 24 2004 Retrieved October 25 2007 a b Marr David January 19 2008 Print and be damned CULT The Age 1st ed p 3 Insight section Staff April 30 1991 Time takes a critical look at Scientology St Petersburg Times p 3B a b Morgan Lucy February 8 1998 Scientology got blame for French suicide St Petersburg Times Archived from the original on November 9 2007 Church of Scientology International v Time Warner Inc et al 92 Civ 3024 PKL Judge Leisure Opinion and Order United States District Court for the Southern District of New York July 16 1996 a b Larson Bob 2004 Larson s Book of World Religions and Alternative Spirituality Tyndale House Publishers p 431 ISBN 0 8423 6417 X a b c Strupp Joe June 30 2005 The press vs Scientology After years of conflict the church and the media seem to have reached a truce Is it because Scientology has become less confrontational or because the press is scared Salon pp 1 3 Archived from the original on January 7 2007 Retrieved October 25 2007 Signorile Michelangelo May 4 1993 Queer in America Sex the Media and the Closets of Power Random House p 275 ISBN 978 0 679 41309 7 Staff May 31 1991 Scientology s Critical Ads The New York Times p D5 Miller Timothy 1995 America s Alternative Religions SUNY Press p 390 ISBN 0 7914 2398 0 a b c Krueger Curtis May 29 1991 Scientology lambasts Time magazine in ad St Petersburg Times p 1B Cote Neil May 10 1991 Church whiffs while trying to whomp Wogs The Tampa Tribune p 1 a b Duckworth Erika N May 29 1991 Church of Scientology Attacks Time Greensboro News amp Record p B3 a b c Holifield Rhonda June 29 1991 Scientologists answer critics with advertising St Petersburg Times a b c d Howard Lucy Gregory Cerio June 10 1991 Scientology Takes On Time Newsweek p 8 a b c d e f g h i j Koppel Ted Sawyer Forest November 18 2006 February 14 1992 Scientology Leader Gave ABC First Ever Interview David Miscavige Scientology Leader and Best Man at Tom Cruise s Wedding Spoke to ABC News Nightline in 1992 Nightline ABC News pp 1 3 Retrieved October 25 2007 Kumar J P Summer 1997 Fair Game Leveling the Playing Field in Scientology Litigation The Review of Litigation 16 747 a b c d Leisure District Judge Church of Scientology v Time and Richard Behar United States District Court for the Southern District of New York pp 92 Civ 3024 PKL Opinion and Order Archived from the original on November 10 2004 Retrieved October 25 2007 via Court TV library Web site a b c d e f g h Morgan Lucy January 28 1998 Hardball When Scientology goes to court it likes to play rough very rough St Petersburg Times Archived from the original on October 1 1999 Retrieved October 26 2007 a b Staff July 16 1996 Judge Dismisses Church of Scientology s 416 Million Lawsuit Against Time Magazine Business Wire a b c d e f g Carmody Deirdre October 2 1991 Reader s Digest Defies Court The New York Times pp D6 Archived from the original on November 11 2012 Retrieved October 25 2007 Steffens Brian November December 1991 Scientology s Current Target Reader s Digest The Quill p 39 Retrieved October 25 2007 Staff November 27 1991 Swiss Lift Ban on Digest The New York Times p D15 Archived from the original on November 6 2012 Retrieved October 25 2007 Staff January 13 2001 Time Magazine wins approval of libel suit dismissal Atlanta Journal Constitution p F2 a b c d e f Staff October 1 2001 Court Passes on Scientology Libel Case Associated Press First Amendment Center Online staff October 2 2001 High court refuses to hear First Amendment appeals First Amendment Center Associated Press Archived from the original on December 15 2004 Retrieved October 26 2007 Ebner Mark Andrew Breitbart 2004 Hollywood Interrupted Insanity Chic in Babylon The Case Against Celebrity John Wiley and Sons p 362 ISBN 0 471 45051 0 a b c Staff 2007 ASJA Award Recipients Outstanding Author Awards American Society of Journalists and Authors Retrieved October 26 2007 a b c Valk Elizabeth P February 24 1992 From the Publisher Time p 16 Archived from the original on November 7 2007 Retrieved October 25 2007 Behar Richard 1992 Richard Behar acceptance speech 1992 Leo J Ryan award OLD Cult Awareness Network conference Los Angeles Retrieved October 25 2007 Henderson Bob December 28 1992 Hubbard from Pinellas to Russia St Petersburg Times p 1 Muller Henry April 13 1992 From the Managing Editor Time p 20 Archived from the original on December 24 2007 Retrieved October 25 2007 Staff June 8 2005 Reader s Digest on Cruise Control Radar Online Archived from the original on June 11 2005 Rowan David July 12 2005 Tom three questions for you The film star should be facing robust media interrogation about Scientology but there is craven silence The Sunday Times Retrieved October 25 2007 O Keefe Mark September 26 1996 Church of Scientology Is No Stranger to Criticism The Oregonian p A16 Science Fiction Factual results needed from reading program The Commercial Appeal September 5 1995 p A6 Estrada Heron Marquez October 22 2005 Scientology Fact or fiction The Church of Scientology after years out of the spotlight is under renewed scrutiny and the object of greater curiosity in the Twin Cities following Tom Cruise s public psychoanalysis spat with Brooke Shields Star Tribune Minneapolis p 12E Friedman Roger June 21 2005 Katie Holmes Missing Days Fox News Archived from the original on October 23 2007 Retrieved October 25 2007 Cook John March 17 2008 Scientology Cult Friction After an embarrassing string of high profile defection and leaked videos Scientology is under attack from a faceless cabal of online activists Has America s most controversial religion finally met its match Radar Online Archived from the original on March 24 2008 Further reading editBehar Richard May 6 1991 The Scientologists and Me Time Archived from the original on November 10 2007 Companion article to main article also by Behar nbsp Works related to Church of Scientology v Behar and Opinion of the Court at Wikisource nbsp Works related to Church of Scientology International v Time Warner Inc et al at WikisourceExternal links editListen to this article 24 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