The Promise of American Life is a book published by Herbert Croly, founder of The New Republic, in 1909. This book opposed aggressive unionization and supported economic planning to raise general quality of life. By Croly's death in 1930, only 7,500 copies of The Promise of American Life had been sold. Despite this, the book was immensely influential,[1][2][3][4] influencing Theodore Roosevelt to adopt the platform of the New Nationalism after reading it, and being popular with intellectuals and political leaders of the later New Deal.[5]
The book is said to "offer a manifesto of Progressive beliefs" that "anticipated the transition from competitive to corporate capitalism and from limited government to the welfare state."[6]
For Croly, the individualistic, libertarian America of the agrarian 18th and 19th centuries was gone, swept away by the forces of the industrial revolution, urbanization, centralization and modernity. He advocated a new political consensus that included as its core nationalism, but with a sense of social responsibility and care for the less fortunate. Since the power of big business, trusts, interest groups and economic specialization had transformed the nation in the latter part of the 19th century, only the embracing of a counterbalance to this power would serve the society of the future. Croly pressed for the centralization of power in the federal government to ensure democracy, a "New Nationalism".
In Croly's view, "the traditional American confidence in individual freedom has resulted in a morally and socially undesirable distribution of wealth." He argued for a national government that was more rather than less powerful than it had been, as a bulwark against what he regarded as overbearing self-interest, greed, corruption, and unchecked power. At the same time, Croly valued the individual motivated by civic virtue and "constructive individualism" and urged all to pursue this objective.
Hamiltonian means vs. Jeffersonian valuesedit
According to David Kennedy in his book Progressivism: The Critical Issues, Croly talks of a "new liberal democratic theory, which emphasized not individualism but social consciousness, and which spoke less of freedom than it did of social control."[7] This idea was called "Hamiltonian means", which in the book is defined as "the establishment of federal regulatory commissions, staffed by experts, to oversee the big corporate enterprises whose existence he [Croly] accepted and even welcomed."[7] In Croly's view, the emphasis on individualism associated with Thomas Jefferson's liberal democratic theory was irrelevant in a time of great reform and that its revival would be counterproductive in the restoration of American democracy that was taking place during the Progressive Era. Croly then suggests that "Hamiltonian means must be employed to secure Jeffersonian ends."[8] To Croly, this meant that to fulfill the promise of American life there needed not to be "a maximum amount of economic freedom, but by a certain amount discipline" and "not merely by the abundant satisfaction of individual desires, but by a large measure of individual subordination and self-denial."[8]
Positive reviewsedit
After reading The Promise of American Life, former President Theodore Roosevelt wrote the following:
In Mr. Herbert Croly's "Promise of American Life," the most profound and illuminating study of our National conditions which has appeared for many years, especial emphasis is laid on the assertion that the whole point of our governmental experiment lies in the fact that it is a genuine effort to achieve true democracy—both political and industrial.[9]
Negative reviewsedit
The Promise of American Life has received criticism from a number of angles. Some feared the underlying tones of totalitarianism or fascism. Others worried that Croly's plan would make America socialist—a criticism Croly foresaw in his book and attempted to combat by labeling his government as nationalistic rather than socialistic. Even those who believed Croly's government could be democratic had concerns that Croly's vision for the country was clouded by a Republican prejudice. His writing contained several criticisms of the Democrats but almost none of the Republicans. Croly's book was also criticized for its lack of national focus. It focused almost entirely on problems that were of interest to those living in cities but not to rural America. The tariff, conservation, currency, banking, and agriculture all were only mentioned in passing, if at all. Connected to that was an argument that Croly's plans were unrealistic and detached from the reality that many Americans were living.
Referencesedit
^Hanson, Russell L. (2014-07-14). The Democratic Imagination in America: Conversations with Our Past. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-1-4008-5785-2.
^Carlisle, Rodney P. (2005-03-17). Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. SAGE Publications. ISBN978-1-4522-6531-5.
^Pearson, Sidney. "Herbert D. Croly: Apostle of Progressivism". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
^Croly, Herbert (2017-07-05). The Promise of American Life. Routledge. ISBN978-1-351-47604-1.
^The Promise of American Life: Updated Edition, p. 29, Foreword by Franklin Foer
^The New Republic, Volume 201, Page 84, Article by John B Judis, 1989
^ abKennedy, David (1971). "Introduction to 'A Philosophy for Reform'". In Kennedy, David (ed.). Progressivism: The Critical Issues. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 31. LCCN 70-136259. OCLC 757654593 – via the Internet Archive.
^ abCroly, Herbert (1971) [1909 (chapter)]. "A Philosophy for Reform". In Kennedy, David (ed.). Progressivism: The Critical Issues. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 32. LCCN 70-136259. OCLC 757654593 – via the Internet Archive.
^Roosevelt, Theodore (January 21, 1911). "Nationalism and Popular Rule". The Outlook. pp. 96–101.
Further readingedit
Ward, John William. 1969 Red, White, and Blue: Men, Books, and Ideas in American Culture . New York: Oxford University Press - Good Essay on this book
External linksedit
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Promise of American Life public domain audiobook at LibriVox
January 01, 1970
promise, american, life, book, published, herbert, croly, founder, republic, 1909, this, book, opposed, aggressive, unionization, supported, economic, planning, raise, general, quality, life, croly, death, 1930, only, copies, been, sold, despite, this, book, i. The Promise of American Life is a book published by Herbert Croly founder of The New Republic in 1909 This book opposed aggressive unionization and supported economic planning to raise general quality of life By Croly s death in 1930 only 7 500 copies of The Promise of American Life had been sold Despite this the book was immensely influential 1 2 3 4 influencing Theodore Roosevelt to adopt the platform of the New Nationalism after reading it and being popular with intellectuals and political leaders of the later New Deal 5 The Promise of American LifeAuthorHerbert David CrolyCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishPublication date1909 Contents 1 Background 2 Hamiltonian means vs Jeffersonian values 3 Positive reviews 4 Negative reviews 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksBackground editThe book is said to offer a manifesto of Progressive beliefs that anticipated the transition from competitive to corporate capitalism and from limited government to the welfare state 6 For Croly the individualistic libertarian America of the agrarian 18th and 19th centuries was gone swept away by the forces of the industrial revolution urbanization centralization and modernity He advocated a new political consensus that included as its core nationalism but with a sense of social responsibility and care for the less fortunate Since the power of big business trusts interest groups and economic specialization had transformed the nation in the latter part of the 19th century only the embracing of a counterbalance to this power would serve the society of the future Croly pressed for the centralization of power in the federal government to ensure democracy a New Nationalism In Croly s view the traditional American confidence in individual freedom has resulted in a morally and socially undesirable distribution of wealth He argued for a national government that was more rather than less powerful than it had been as a bulwark against what he regarded as overbearing self interest greed corruption and unchecked power At the same time Croly valued the individual motivated by civic virtue and constructive individualism and urged all to pursue this objective Hamiltonian means vs Jeffersonian values editAccording to David Kennedy in his book Progressivism The Critical Issues Croly talks of a new liberal democratic theory which emphasized not individualism but social consciousness and which spoke less of freedom than it did of social control 7 This idea was called Hamiltonian means which in the book is defined as the establishment of federal regulatory commissions staffed by experts to oversee the big corporate enterprises whose existence he Croly accepted and even welcomed 7 In Croly s view the emphasis on individualism associated with Thomas Jefferson s liberal democratic theory was irrelevant in a time of great reform and that its revival would be counterproductive in the restoration of American democracy that was taking place during the Progressive Era Croly then suggests that Hamiltonian means must be employed to secure Jeffersonian ends 8 To Croly this meant that to fulfill the promise of American life there needed not to be a maximum amount of economic freedom but by a certain amount discipline and not merely by the abundant satisfaction of individual desires but by a large measure of individual subordination and self denial 8 Positive reviews editAfter reading The Promise of American Life former President Theodore Roosevelt wrote the following In Mr Herbert Croly s Promise of American Life the most profound and illuminating study of our National conditions which has appeared for many years especial emphasis is laid on the assertion that the whole point of our governmental experiment lies in the fact that it is a genuine effort to achieve true democracy both political and industrial 9 Negative reviews editThe Promise of American Life has received criticism from a number of angles Some feared the underlying tones of totalitarianism or fascism Others worried that Croly s plan would make America socialist a criticism Croly foresaw in his book and attempted to combat by labeling his government as nationalistic rather than socialistic Even those who believed Croly s government could be democratic had concerns that Croly s vision for the country was clouded by a Republican prejudice His writing contained several criticisms of the Democrats but almost none of the Republicans Croly s book was also criticized for its lack of national focus It focused almost entirely on problems that were of interest to those living in cities but not to rural America The tariff conservation currency banking and agriculture all were only mentioned in passing if at all Connected to that was an argument that Croly s plans were unrealistic and detached from the reality that many Americans were living References edit Hanson Russell L 2014 07 14 The Democratic Imagination in America Conversations with Our Past Princeton University Press ISBN 978 1 4008 5785 2 Carlisle Rodney P 2005 03 17 Encyclopedia of Politics The Left and the Right SAGE Publications ISBN 978 1 4522 6531 5 Pearson Sidney Herbert D Croly Apostle of Progressivism The Heritage Foundation Retrieved 2020 02 25 Croly Herbert 2017 07 05 The Promise of American Life Routledge ISBN 978 1 351 47604 1 The Promise of American Life Updated Edition p 29 Foreword by Franklin Foer The New Republic Volume 201 Page 84 Article by John B Judis 1989 a b Kennedy David 1971 Introduction to A Philosophy for Reform In Kennedy David ed Progressivism The Critical Issues Boston Little Brown and Company p 31 LCCN 70 136259 OCLC 757654593 via the Internet Archive a b Croly Herbert 1971 1909 chapter A Philosophy for Reform In Kennedy David ed Progressivism The Critical Issues Boston Little Brown and Company p 32 LCCN 70 136259 OCLC 757654593 via the Internet Archive Roosevelt Theodore January 21 1911 Nationalism and Popular Rule The Outlook pp 96 101 Further reading editWard John William 1969 Red White and Blue Men Books and Ideas in American Culture New York Oxford University Press Good Essay on this bookExternal links edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article The Promise of American Life The Promise of American Life at Project Gutenberg nbsp The Promise of American Life public domain audiobook at LibriVox Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Promise of American Life amp oldid 1171869606, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
