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Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge

February 05, 2023

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, generally known as The Round Church, is an Anglican church in the city of Cambridge, England. It is located on the corner of Round Church Street and Bridge Street. Since 1950 the church has been designated a Grade I listed building,[1] and is currently managed by Christian Heritage.[2] It is one of the four medieval round churches still in use in England.[3]

The Round Church, Cambridge
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
West front of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge
The Round Church, Cambridge
Location in Cambridgeshire
Coordinates: 52°12′30″N 0°07′08″E / 52.2084°N 0.1189°E / 52.2084; 0.1189
OS grid referenceTL 448 588
LocationCambridge
CountryEngland
DenominationAnglican
WebsiteRound Church
History
Foundedc. 1130
Architecture
Functional statusParish Church
Heritage designationGrade I
Designated26 April 1950
Architect(s)Anthony Salvin (restoration)
Architectural typeChurch
StyleNorman, Gothic Revival
Completed1842
Specifications
MaterialsStone
Bells2

History

 
Holy Sepulchre in 1809 showing the Gothic bell-storey

The church was built around 1130, its shape being inspired by the rotunda in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. It was built by the Fraternity of the Holy Sepulchre, who were probably a group of Austin canons. It consisted of a round nave and an ambulatory, with a short chancel, probably in the shape of an apse.[4] Initially it was a wayfarers' chapel on the Roman road known as Via Devana (this is now Bridge Street).[5] By the middle of the 13th century it had become a parish church under the patronage of Barnwell Priory. Around this time structural alterations were made to the church, with the rebuilding of the chancel and the addition of a north aisle, the aisle being shorter than the chancel.[6] During the 15th century the Norman style windows in the nave were replaced by larger Gothic style windows. The carvings of angels in the roofs of the chancel and aisle were added. A polygonal bell-storey was built over the nave.[7] In 1643, during the Civil War, many of the "idolatrous" images were destroyed.[8] By the 19th century the church was in a poor state of repair. Part of the ambulatory collapsed in 1841, and the Cambridge Camden Society offered to carry out repairs. They appointed Anthony Salvin for the purpose.[9]

"[2 January 1644 Holy Sepulchre, in Cambridge] We break down 14 superstitious Pictures, divers Idolatrous Inscriptions, one of God the Father, one of Christ and of the Apostles." The Journal of William Dowsing

Salvin replaced the bell-storey with a roof similar to the original roof. This was made necessary because the weight of the bell-storey was too much for the walls to support. The 15th-century Gothic windows were replaced by windows in Norman style, and a formerly-inserted gallery was removed, together with the external staircase leading to it. To compensate for this, a new south aisle was added. It was found that the east wall of the chancel was unstable and this was replaced. Then the north aisle, by that time in poor condition, was also rebuilt, extending it to the same length as the chancel. The floor, previously black marble,[10] was relaid in tile. The original estimate for the cost of the restoration was £1,000, with the parish paying £300; it eventually cost nearly £4,000 (equivalent to £400,000 in 2019),[11] with the parish providing only £50.[12]

The erection in 1843 of a stone altar was the subject of a lawsuit. In 1845 the Court of Arches ordered that it be taken down and replaced with a wooden table.[13]

In 1866 the Cambridge Union Society built their premises in the church's former graveyard, while, in 1899, a vestry was added to the north of the north aisle; this was extended in 1980.[14] The Victorian stained glass in the east window was destroyed by a bomb in the Second World War and was replaced in 1946.[15] By 1994 the congregation had become too large for the church, and they moved their gatherings to the nearby Church of St Andrew the Great.[5]

Architecture

The church is built in stone. Its plan consists of a circular nave surrounded by an ambulatory, a chancel with north and south aisles and a north vestry.[15] Over the nave is an upper storey surmounted by a conical spire.[5] To the north of the church is an octagonal bell-turret containing two bells. The church is entered by a Norman west doorway with three orders of colonnettes, decorated with scalloped capitals and zigzags, and crenellations in the voussoirs.[16] Between the ambulatory and the nave are eight massive Norman columns and round arches. Each of the capitals of the columns is carved with a different design. Part of the vault of the ambulatory has dog-tooth ornamentation. In the ambulatory and nave are carved human heads dating from the 19th century. Above the nave is a triforium containing double Norman arches.[17] To the east are the chancel and aisles. In the chancel and the north aisle are carved angels dating from the 15th century which are attached to the corbels supporting the roof; some of the angels are holding or playing musical instruments. The communion table dates from 1843 and was made by Joseph Wentworth. The chancel is floored between the choir stalls with tiles laid in 1842. They depict the Royal coat of arms, and the arms of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. At the corners are animals representing the Four Evangelists. There are two bells in the bell-turret. One of these is dated 1663 and was cast by Robard Gurney; the other is a priest's bell possibly cast by J. Sturdy of London between 1440 and 1458.[18] Most of the stained glass in the church was introduced during the 19th-century restoration and was designed and made by Thomas Willement and William Wailes. The glass in the east window was destroyed by a bomb in 1942 and was replaced by a new window in 1946 depicting Christ in Majesty.[16]

  •  

    Interior looking towards the altar

  •  

    The nave (foreground) and north aisle (background right)

Stereo image
Right frame 
 
Left frame 
 
Cross-eye view ( )
 
Parallel view ( )
 
 
The Round Church and the south end of Round Church Street.


Recent history and present day

By 1994 the congregation had grown too large to be accommodated and it moved to the nearby Church of St Andrew the Great.[19] Holy Sepulchre is open for visitors[5] and contains an exhibition entitled The Impact of Christianity in England,[20] and a study centre known as a scriptorium.[21] The church hosts concerts, recitals and plays,[22] and arranges courses, summer schools, and lectures.[23][24][25]

Burials

See also

References

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge.

Citations

  1. ^ Historic England, "Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge (1126260)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 21 June 2013
  2. ^ , Christian Heritage, archived from the original on 16 November 2010, retrieved 6 September 2010
  3. ^ Anon 2008, p. 3.
  4. ^ Anon 2008, pp. 2–4.
  5. ^ a b c d , Christian Heritage, archived from the original on 16 November 2010, retrieved 7 September 2010
  6. ^ Anon 2008, p. 4.
  7. ^ Anon 2008, pp. 5–7.
  8. ^ Anon 2008, p. 8.
  9. ^ Anon 2008, p. 9.
  10. ^ Thomas Wright & Harry Longueville Jones (1841). "Parish of St Sepulchre". The universities. Le Keux's Memorials of Cambridge. Vol. 1. Tilt and Bogue, Fleet Street.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  11. ^ United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth "consistent series" supplied in Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2018). "What Was the U.K. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  12. ^ Anon 2008, pp. 9–10.
  13. ^ Faulkner v. Litchfield and Stearn (1845) 1 Rob. Eccl. 184, 163 E.R. 1007. See also Addleshaw, G and Etchells, F, 1948. The Architectural Setting of Anglican Worship. London, Faber, p.135.
  14. ^ Welcome to the Round Church (Information leaflet), Christian Heritage
  15. ^ a b Anon 2008, pp. 12–13.
  16. ^ a b , Christian Heritage, archived from the original on 15 November 2010, retrieved 7 September 2010
  17. ^ Anon 2008, p. 12.
  18. ^ Anon 2008, p. 13.
  19. ^ , Christian Heritage, archived from the original on 16 November 2010, retrieved 10 September 2010
  20. ^ , Christian Heritage, archived from the original on 17 March 2010, retrieved 10 September 2010
  21. ^ For graduates, postgraduates and clergy, Christian Heritage, retrieved 10 September 2010
  22. ^ , Christian Heritage, archived from the original on 23 May 2010, retrieved 10 September 2010
  23. ^ Courses in Cambridge, Christian Heritage, retrieved 10 September 2010
  24. ^ Saturday School of Theology: 2010, Christian Heritage, retrieved 10 September 2010
  25. ^ Upcoming Events, Christian Heritage, retrieved 10 September 2010

Sources

  • Anon (2008) [1991], The Round Church, Cambridge, The Parochial Church Council, Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge

External links

  • Official website
  • Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge entry in the Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain & Ireland

February 05, 2023
church, holy, sepulchre, cambridge, church, holy, sepulchre, generally, known, round, church, anglican, church, city, cambridge, england, located, corner, round, church, street, bridge, street, since, 1950, church, been, designated, grade, listed, building, cu. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre generally known as The Round Church is an Anglican church in the city of Cambridge England It is located on the corner of Round Church Street and Bridge Street Since 1950 the church has been designated a Grade I listed building 1 and is currently managed by Christian Heritage 2 It is one of the four medieval round churches still in use in England 3 The Round Church CambridgeChurch of the Holy SepulchreWest front of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre CambridgeThe Round Church CambridgeLocation in CambridgeshireCoordinates 52 12 30 N 0 07 08 E 52 2084 N 0 1189 E 52 2084 0 1189OS grid referenceTL 448 588LocationCambridgeCountryEnglandDenominationAnglicanWebsiteRound ChurchHistoryFoundedc 1130ArchitectureFunctional statusParish ChurchHeritage designationGrade IDesignated26 April 1950Architect s Anthony Salvin restoration Architectural typeChurchStyleNorman Gothic RevivalCompleted1842SpecificationsMaterialsStoneBells2 Contents 1 History 2 Architecture 3 Recent history and present day 4 Burials 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory Edit Holy Sepulchre in 1809 showing the Gothic bell storey The church was built around 1130 its shape being inspired by the rotunda in the church of the Holy Sepulchre Jerusalem It was built by the Fraternity of the Holy Sepulchre who were probably a group of Austin canons It consisted of a round nave and an ambulatory with a short chancel probably in the shape of an apse 4 Initially it was a wayfarers chapel on the Roman road known as Via Devana this is now Bridge Street 5 By the middle of the 13th century it had become a parish church under the patronage of Barnwell Priory Around this time structural alterations were made to the church with the rebuilding of the chancel and the addition of a north aisle the aisle being shorter than the chancel 6 During the 15th century the Norman style windows in the nave were replaced by larger Gothic style windows The carvings of angels in the roofs of the chancel and aisle were added A polygonal bell storey was built over the nave 7 In 1643 during the Civil War many of the idolatrous images were destroyed 8 By the 19th century the church was in a poor state of repair Part of the ambulatory collapsed in 1841 and the Cambridge Camden Society offered to carry out repairs They appointed Anthony Salvin for the purpose 9 2 January 1644 Holy Sepulchre in Cambridge We break down 14 superstitious Pictures divers Idolatrous Inscriptions one of God the Father one of Christ and of the Apostles The Journal of William Dowsing Salvin replaced the bell storey with a roof similar to the original roof This was made necessary because the weight of the bell storey was too much for the walls to support The 15th century Gothic windows were replaced by windows in Norman style and a formerly inserted gallery was removed together with the external staircase leading to it To compensate for this a new south aisle was added It was found that the east wall of the chancel was unstable and this was replaced Then the north aisle by that time in poor condition was also rebuilt extending it to the same length as the chancel The floor previously black marble 10 was relaid in tile The original estimate for the cost of the restoration was 1 000 with the parish paying 300 it eventually cost nearly 4 000 equivalent to 400 000 in 2019 11 with the parish providing only 50 12 The erection in 1843 of a stone altar was the subject of a lawsuit In 1845 the Court of Arches ordered that it be taken down and replaced with a wooden table 13 In 1866 the Cambridge Union Society built their premises in the church s former graveyard while in 1899 a vestry was added to the north of the north aisle this was extended in 1980 14 The Victorian stained glass in the east window was destroyed by a bomb in the Second World War and was replaced in 1946 15 By 1994 the congregation had become too large for the church and they moved their gatherings to the nearby Church of St Andrew the Great 5 Architecture EditThe church is built in stone Its plan consists of a circular nave surrounded by an ambulatory a chancel with north and south aisles and a north vestry 15 Over the nave is an upper storey surmounted by a conical spire 5 To the north of the church is an octagonal bell turret containing two bells The church is entered by a Norman west doorway with three orders of colonnettes decorated with scalloped capitals and zigzags and crenellations in the voussoirs 16 Between the ambulatory and the nave are eight massive Norman columns and round arches Each of the capitals of the columns is carved with a different design Part of the vault of the ambulatory has dog tooth ornamentation In the ambulatory and nave are carved human heads dating from the 19th century Above the nave is a triforium containing double Norman arches 17 To the east are the chancel and aisles In the chancel and the north aisle are carved angels dating from the 15th century which are attached to the corbels supporting the roof some of the angels are holding or playing musical instruments The communion table dates from 1843 and was made by Joseph Wentworth The chancel is floored between the choir stalls with tiles laid in 1842 They depict the Royal coat of arms and the arms of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert At the corners are animals representing the Four Evangelists There are two bells in the bell turret One of these is dated 1663 and was cast by Robard Gurney the other is a priest s bell possibly cast by J Sturdy of London between 1440 and 1458 18 Most of the stained glass in the church was introduced during the 19th century restoration and was designed and made by Thomas Willement and William Wailes The glass in the east window was destroyed by a bomb in 1942 and was replaced by a new window in 1946 depicting Christ in Majesty 16 Interior looking towards the altar The nave foreground and north aisle background right Stereo imageRight frame Left frame Cross eye view Parallel view The Round Church and the south end of Round Church Street Recent history and present day EditBy 1994 the congregation had grown too large to be accommodated and it moved to the nearby Church of St Andrew the Great 19 Holy Sepulchre is open for visitors 5 and contains an exhibition entitled The Impact of Christianity in England 20 and a study centre known as a scriptorium 21 The church hosts concerts recitals and plays 22 and arranges courses summer schools and lectures 23 24 25 Burials EditJohn LowrySee also EditList of church restorations and alterations by Anthony Salvin St Bene t s Church the oldest building in Cambridge dating from 1033 Leper Chapel dating from 1125 School of Pythagoras dating from around 1200 History of medieval Arabic and Western European domesReferences Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Holy Sepulchre Cambridge Citations Historic England Church of the Holy Sepulchre Cambridge 1126260 National Heritage List for England retrieved 21 June 2013 The Round Church Christian Heritage archived from the original on 16 November 2010 retrieved 6 September 2010 Anon 2008 p 3 Anon 2008 pp 2 4 a b c d The Church of the Holy Sepulchre Christian Heritage archived from the original on 16 November 2010 retrieved 7 September 2010 Anon 2008 p 4 Anon 2008 pp 5 7 Anon 2008 p 8 Anon 2008 p 9 Thomas Wright amp Harry Longueville Jones 1841 Parish of St Sepulchre The universities Le Keux s Memorials of Cambridge Vol 1 Tilt and Bogue Fleet Street a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth consistent series supplied in Thomas Ryland Williamson Samuel H 2018 What Was the U K GDP Then MeasuringWorth Retrieved 2 February 2020 Anon 2008 pp 9 10 Faulkner v Litchfield and Stearn 1845 1 Rob Eccl 184 163 E R 1007 See also Addleshaw G and Etchells F 1948 The Architectural Setting of Anglican Worship London Faber p 135 Welcome to the Round Church Information leaflet Christian Heritage a b Anon 2008 pp 12 13 a b Survey of Windows of the Round Church Cambridge Christian Heritage archived from the original on 15 November 2010 retrieved 7 September 2010 Anon 2008 p 12 Anon 2008 p 13 St Andrew the Great Christian Heritage archived from the original on 16 November 2010 retrieved 10 September 2010 Exhibition The Impact of Christianity in England Christian Heritage archived from the original on 17 March 2010 retrieved 10 September 2010 For graduates postgraduates and clergy Christian Heritage retrieved 10 September 2010 Performance in the Round Church Christian Heritage archived from the original on 23 May 2010 retrieved 10 September 2010 Courses in Cambridge Christian Heritage retrieved 10 September 2010 Saturday School of Theology 2010 Christian Heritage retrieved 10 September 2010 Upcoming Events Christian Heritage retrieved 10 September 2010 Sources Anon 2008 1991 The Round Church Cambridge The Parochial Church Council Holy Sepulchre CambridgeExternal links EditOfficial website Holy Sepulchre Cambridge entry in the Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain amp Ireland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Church of the Holy Sepulchre Cambridge amp oldid 1116089840, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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