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The Holocaust in Luxembourg refers to the systematic persecution, expulsion and murder of Jews in Luxembourg after its occupation and later annexation by Nazi Germany. It is generally believed that the Jewish population of Luxembourg had numbered around 3,500 before the war although many fled into France at the time of the German invasion of 10 May 1940 or in the early months of the occupation. Around 1,000 to 2,500 were murdered during the Holocaust after being deported to ghettos and extermination camps in Eastern Europe, under the Civil Administration of Gustav Simon.
A Nazi parade by the Synagogue in Luxembourg in 1941. It was destroyed in 1943.
Around 3,500 Jews lived in Luxembourg before World War II.[1] Many were recent arrivals in the country who had fled from persecution in Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe and who were attracted by the commercial ties between Luxembourg and its surrounding countries and the common use of German language. A significant number fled on 10 May 1940 at the time of the German invasion of Luxembourg as part of the "exodus" of French, Belgian, and Luxembourgish civilians into eastern and southern France. The German occupation regime established in Luxembourg extended the Nuremberg Race Laws to the territory on 5 September 1940 and encouraged Jews to leave. By October 1941, when emigration was banned, 2,500 Jews had left Luxembourg mainly for the "Free Zone" in Vichy France. Many of the emigrants would become victims of the Holocaust in France. From September 1941, all Jews in Luxembourg were forced to wear the yellow badge to identify them in public.[2][1]
The Nazi administration interned the remaining 800 Jews in Luxembourg at Fuenfbrunnen transit camp in Troisvierges (Ulflingen) in the north of the country. The programme of deportation began in October 1941 principally to Łódź Ghetto in German-occupied Poland as well as the concentration camps at Theresienstadt and Auschwitz. Only 36 deportees from Luxembourg are believed to have survived the war.[1] Luxembourg was formally annexed into Nazi Germany in August 1942.
Aftermathedit
Luxembourg was liberated by the Western Allies in early 1945. However, a law of 1950 prevented the majority of Jewish victims and their families from reclaiming assets held in the country before the war by preventing pre-1931 migrants from eligibility. It was said in 2019 that Luxembourg "is the only country in Western Europe with major, unaddressed restitution issues".[3]
The government of Xavier Bettel apologised to the Jewish community of Luxembourg for the country's role in the Holocaust, including the complicity of "some public officials", in 2015.[4]
^"The Destruction of the Jews of Luxembourg". Holocaust Education and Archive Research Team. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
^Liphshiz, Cnaan (22 April 2019). "Wealthy Luxembourg is western Europe's last Holocaust restitution deadbeat". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
^Jackman, Josh (11 June 2015). "Luxembourg apologises for Holocaust role". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
Further readingedit
Artuso, Vincent (October 2012). "Des excuses, mais au nom de qui? L'administration luxembourgeoise et la Shoah". Forum (322): 9–11.
Cerf, Paul (1986). L'étoile juive au Luxembourg. Luxembourg: RTL.
Clesse, René (1991). "Die Natur is gnädiger als die Menschen". Ons Stad. 36: 22–25.
Clesse, René (2002). "Shoah in Luxemburg". Ons Stad. 71: 18–19.
Hoffmann, Serge (1996). "Luxemburg - Asyl und Gastfreundschaft in einem kleinen Land". In Benz, Wolfgang; Wetzel, Juliane (eds.). Solidarität und Hilfe für Juden während der NS-Zeit. Vol. Regionalstudien I: Polen, Rumänien, Griechenland, Luxemburg, Norwegen, Schweiz. Berlin: Metropol-Verlag. pp. 187–204. ISBN9783926893437.
Zariz, Ruth (1993). "The Jews of Luxembourg during the Second World War". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 7 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1093/hgs/7.1.51.
Bronec, Jakub (29 March 2019). "Repatriation Efforts – Luxembourg State Policy Towards Jews during World War II". EHRI. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Holocaust in Luxembourg.
Luxembourg at European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI)
Memoshoah.lu at MemoShoah association
April 12, 2024
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 193 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at ru Holokost v Lyuksemburge see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ru Holokost v Lyuksemburge to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Holocaust in Luxembourg refers to the systematic persecution expulsion and murder of Jews in Luxembourg after its occupation and later annexation by Nazi Germany It is generally believed that the Jewish population of Luxembourg had numbered around 3 500 before the war although many fled into France at the time of the German invasion of 10 May 1940 or in the early months of the occupation Around 1 000 to 2 500 were murdered during the Holocaust after being deported to ghettos and extermination camps in Eastern Europe under the Civil Administration of Gustav Simon A Nazi parade by the Synagogue in Luxembourg in 1941 It was destroyed in 1943 Contents 1 History 2 Aftermath 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory editAround 3 500 Jews lived in Luxembourg before World War II 1 Many were recent arrivals in the country who had fled from persecution in Nazi Germany and Eastern Europe and who were attracted by the commercial ties between Luxembourg and its surrounding countries and the common use of German language A significant number fled on 10 May 1940 at the time of the German invasion of Luxembourg as part of the exodus of French Belgian and Luxembourgish civilians into eastern and southern France The German occupation regime established in Luxembourg extended the Nuremberg Race Laws to the territory on 5 September 1940 and encouraged Jews to leave By October 1941 when emigration was banned 2 500 Jews had left Luxembourg mainly for the Free Zone in Vichy France Many of the emigrants would become victims of the Holocaust in France From September 1941 all Jews in Luxembourg were forced to wear the yellow badge to identify them in public 2 1 The Nazi administration interned the remaining 800 Jews in Luxembourg at Fuenfbrunnen transit camp in Troisvierges Ulflingen in the north of the country The programme of deportation began in October 1941 principally to Lodz Ghetto in German occupied Poland as well as the concentration camps at Theresienstadt and Auschwitz Only 36 deportees from Luxembourg are believed to have survived the war 1 Luxembourg was formally annexed into Nazi Germany in August 1942 Aftermath editLuxembourg was liberated by the Western Allies in early 1945 However a law of 1950 prevented the majority of Jewish victims and their families from reclaiming assets held in the country before the war by preventing pre 1931 migrants from eligibility It was said in 2019 that Luxembourg is the only country in Western Europe with major unaddressed restitution issues 3 The government of Xavier Bettel apologised to the Jewish community of Luxembourg for the country s role in the Holocaust including the complicity of some public officials in 2015 4 See also edit nbsp Luxembourg portalLuxembourg in World War II Luxembourgish Resistance Victor Bodson 1902 84 minister and Luxembourg s sole recipient of the title Righteous Among the NationsReferences edit a b c Luxembourg United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Retrieved 11 May 2013 The Destruction of the Jews of Luxembourg Holocaust Education and Archive Research Team Retrieved 11 May 2013 Liphshiz Cnaan 22 April 2019 Wealthy Luxembourg is western Europe s last Holocaust restitution deadbeat The Times of Israel Retrieved 8 September 2020 Jackman Josh 11 June 2015 Luxembourg apologises for Holocaust role The Jewish Chronicle Retrieved 8 September 2020 Further reading editArtuso Vincent October 2012 Des excuses mais au nom de qui L administration luxembourgeoise et la Shoah Forum 322 9 11 Cerf Paul 1986 L etoile juive au Luxembourg Luxembourg RTL Clesse Rene 1991 Die Natur is gnadiger als die Menschen Ons Stad 36 22 25 Clesse Rene 2002 Shoah in Luxemburg Ons Stad 71 18 19 Hoffmann Serge 1996 Luxemburg Asyl und Gastfreundschaft in einem kleinen Land In Benz Wolfgang Wetzel Juliane eds Solidaritat und Hilfe fur Juden wahrend der NS Zeit Vol Regionalstudien I Polen Rumanien Griechenland Luxemburg Norwegen Schweiz Berlin Metropol Verlag pp 187 204 ISBN 9783926893437 Zariz Ruth 1993 The Jews of Luxembourg during the Second World War Holocaust and Genocide Studies 7 1 51 66 doi 10 1093 hgs 7 1 51 Bronec Jakub 29 March 2019 Repatriation Efforts Luxembourg State Policy Towards Jews during World War II EHRI Retrieved 17 November 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Holocaust in Luxembourg Luxembourg at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum USHMM Luxembourg at European Holocaust Research Infrastructure EHRI Memoshoah lu at MemoShoah association Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Holocaust in Luxembourg amp oldid 1207222031, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
