"The Glass" redirects here. For the Foo Fighters song, see The Glass (song).
Ta'gwadihi[1] ("Catawba-killer"), also known as Thomas Glass or simply the Glass, at least in correspondence with American officials,[2] was a leading chief of the Cherokee in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, eventually becoming the last principal chief of the Chickamauga (or Lower Cherokee).
Living at Nickajack Town (of the Five Lower Towns) after 1782, he remained one of the chief leaders of the Chickamauga throughout the Cherokee–American wars. The Glass led raids and war parties—often with Dick Justice of Lookout Mountain Town—at least as late as 1792.
In the journal of his travels in the South, particularly among the Chickamauga, John Norton reported several encounters with the Glass. Norton wrote that a few years after the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the old warrior traveled up to the North country among the Iroquois and became friends with Joseph Brant, the Mohawk, who was the head chief of the Six Nations and had the same year as the treaty initiated the formation of the Western Confederacy to resist American incursions into the Old Northwest.[4] Norton was Brandt's adopted son. The resulting Northwest Indian War (1785-1795) included the great victory of the Western Confederacy at the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 and the American victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1795, which ended the distant war.
After war prominenceedit
After the Treaty of Tellico Blockhouse in 1794, the Glass remained prominent among the Lower Cherokee and in The Cherokee Nation as well, eventually becoming assistant principal chief to Black Fox. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Glass owned a ferry across Lookout Creek operating at the foot of Lookout Mountain, near present-day Chattanooga, Tennessee. He also partly owned (along with a fellow former war leader, Dick Justice) a nearby mill.
In the revolt of a group of the younger chiefs of the Upper Towns, in 1808, against the domination of national affairs by the older chiefs of the Lower Towns, both the Glass and Black Fox were deposed from their positions in the National Council. However, they were returned to their seats on the council two years later. Although Black Fox again became principal chief of the nation, the Glass did not return as his assistant. Following the assassination of Doublehead in 1809, the Glass succeeded him as head of the Lower Towns' council and was considered their principal chief. Because Black Fox was acknowledged to be the lawful principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, the local position, along with the Lower Towns' council, was disbanded the next year. This took place at the council in Willstown, in 1810, which abolished separate councils for each of the Cherokee divisions (Upper, Lower, Hill, and Valley Towns) as well as the practice of clan blood revenge.[5]
Brown, John P. Old Frontiers: The Story of the Cherokee Indians from Earliest Times to the Date of Their Removal to the West, 1838. (Kingsport: Southern Publishers, 1938).
Klink, Karl, and James Talman, ed. The Journal of Major John Norton. (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1970).
Lowrie, Walter, and Matthew St. Clair Clarke, ed. American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States, commencing March 3, 1789, and ending March 3, 1815. (Washington: Giles and Seaton, 1832).
McLoughlin, William G.Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
Moore, John Trotwood and Austin P. Foster. Tennessee, The Volunteer State, 1769-1923, Vol. 1. (Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1923).
Wilkins, Thurman. Cherokee Tragedy: The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People. (New York: Macmillan Company, 1970).
tagwadihi, other, uses, thomas, glass, disambiguation, glass, redirects, here, fighters, song, glass, song, gwadihi, catawba, killer, also, known, thomas, glass, simply, glass, least, correspondence, with, american, officials, leading, chief, cherokee, late, 1. For other uses see Thomas Glass disambiguation The Glass redirects here For the Foo Fighters song see The Glass song Ta gwadihi 1 Catawba killer also known as Thomas Glass or simply the Glass at least in correspondence with American officials 2 was a leading chief of the Cherokee in the late 18th and early 19th centuries eventually becoming the last principal chief of the Chickamauga or Lower Cherokee Contents 1 Early life 2 Leadership in war 3 After war prominence 4 References 5 SourcesEarly life editThe Glass was the son of an adopted Wyandot 3 He first rose to prominence during the Cherokee American wars after having left the Overhill Towns along with Dragging Canoe s band in 1777 Leadership in war editLiving at Nickajack Town of the Five Lower Towns after 1782 he remained one of the chief leaders of the Chickamauga throughout the Cherokee American wars The Glass led raids and war parties often with Dick Justice of Lookout Mountain Town at least as late as 1792 In the journal of his travels in the South particularly among the Chickamauga John Norton reported several encounters with the Glass Norton wrote that a few years after the Treaty of Paris in 1783 the old warrior traveled up to the North country among the Iroquois and became friends with Joseph Brant the Mohawk who was the head chief of the Six Nations and had the same year as the treaty initiated the formation of the Western Confederacy to resist American incursions into the Old Northwest 4 Norton was Brandt s adopted son The resulting Northwest Indian War 1785 1795 included the great victory of the Western Confederacy at the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 and the American victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1795 which ended the distant war After war prominence editAfter the Treaty of Tellico Blockhouse in 1794 the Glass remained prominent among the Lower Cherokee and in The Cherokee Nation as well eventually becoming assistant principal chief to Black Fox By the beginning of the 19th century the Glass owned a ferry across Lookout Creek operating at the foot of Lookout Mountain near present day Chattanooga Tennessee He also partly owned along with a fellow former war leader Dick Justice a nearby mill In the revolt of a group of the younger chiefs of the Upper Towns in 1808 against the domination of national affairs by the older chiefs of the Lower Towns both the Glass and Black Fox were deposed from their positions in the National Council However they were returned to their seats on the council two years later Although Black Fox again became principal chief of the nation the Glass did not return as his assistant Following the assassination of Doublehead in 1809 the Glass succeeded him as head of the Lower Towns council and was considered their principal chief Because Black Fox was acknowledged to be the lawful principal chief of the Cherokee Nation the local position along with the Lower Towns council was disbanded the next year This took place at the council in Willstown in 1810 which abolished separate councils for each of the Cherokee divisions Upper Lower Hill and Valley Towns as well as the practice of clan blood revenge 5 References edit Also spelled Atawgwatihih Lowrie and Clarke p 263 Klink and Talman p lxviii Klink and Talman p 49 McLoughlin pp 109 127Sources editBrown John P Old Frontiers The Story of the Cherokee Indians from Earliest Times to the Date of Their Removal to the West 1838 Kingsport Southern Publishers 1938 Klink Karl and James Talman ed The Journal of Major John Norton Toronto Champlain Society 1970 Lowrie Walter and Matthew St Clair Clarke ed American State Papers Documents Legislative and Executive of the Congress of the United States commencing March 3 1789 and ending March 3 1815 Washington Giles and Seaton 1832 McLoughlin William G Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic Princeton Princeton University Press 1992 Moore John Trotwood and Austin P Foster Tennessee The Volunteer State 1769 1923 Vol 1 Chicago S J Clarke Publishing Co 1923 Wilkins Thurman Cherokee Tragedy The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People New York Macmillan Company 1970 Preceded byDoublehead Leader of the Chickamauga Lower Cherokee1807 1809 Succeeded byPosition ceased to exist Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tagwadihi amp oldid 1217634262, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
