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The Black Book of Soviet Jewry

January 01, 1970

The Black Book of Soviet Jewry or simply The Black Book (Russian: Чёрная Кни́га, romanized: Chyórnaya Kníga, IPA: [ˈt͡ɕɵrnəjə ˈknʲiɡə]; Yiddish: דאָס שוואַרצע בוך, Dos shvartse bukh),[1] also known as The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry,[2] is a 500-page document compiled for publication by Ilya Ehrenburg and Vasily Grossman originally in late 1944 in the Russian language. It was a result of the collaborative effort by the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) and members of the American Jewish community to document the anti-Jewish crimes of the Holocaust and the participation of Jews in the resistance movement against the Nazis during World War II. The 1991 Kyiv edition of The Black Book was subtitled The Ruthless Murder of Jews by German-Fascist Invaders Throughout the Temporarily-Occupied Regions of the Soviet Union and in the German Nazi Death Camps established on occupied Polish soil during the War 1941–1945.[3]

The book was not allowed to be published in the Soviet Union upon the conclusion of the war. Its insistence on the uniqueness of Jewish suffering – above and beyond the rest of Soviet citizenry – was denounced by the Central Committee as anti-Soviet.[4]

Background edit

Prominent Jewish Soviet writers and journalists Ilya Ehrenburg and Vasily Grossman served as war reporters for the Red Army. Grossman's documentary reports of the opening of the Treblinka and Majdanek extermination camps were some of the first eyewitness accounts — as early as 1943 — of what later became known as the Holocaust. His article The Treblinka Hell was disseminated at the Nuremberg trials as a document for the prosecution.[5]

Manuscripts and publications edit

In 1944–1945, based on their own experiences and on other documents they collected, Ehrenburg and Grossman produced two volumes under the title Murder of the People in Yiddish and handed the manuscript to the JAC. Copies were sent to the United States, the British mandate of Palestine (now Israel) and Romania in 1946, and excerpts were published in the United States in English under the title Black Book that same year. In Romania, a part of the manuscript was also published in 1946. It was also printed in Israel. A handwritten manuscript of the book is held at Yad Vashem.

The fate of the Black Book in the USSR edit

According to Ehrenburg, the mandatory State literary commission did not commit to publish the book in October 1944: "Instead of a straight answer, the resolution was:

write the book, and if it comes out well, it would be published.' But it is not we who are the authors, it is the fascists ... What does that mean, 'comes out well' this is not a novel, it is a document.[citation needed]

The book was partially printed in the Soviet Union by the Yiddish publisher Der Emes; however, the entire edition, the typefaces, as well as the manuscript, were destroyed. First the censors ordered changes in the text to conceal the specifically anti-Jewish character of the atrocities and to downplay the role of some Ukrainians who worked as Nazi police officers. In 1948 the Soviet edition of the book was scrapped completely. The collection of original documents that Ehrenburg handed down to the Vilnius Jewish Museum after the war was secretly returned to him upon the Museum's termination in 1948.[6] The JAC was also disbanded, its members purged at the outset of the state campaign against the "rootless cosmopolitans", a Soviet euphemism for Jews. (See also the Doctors' plot.)[7]

Typically, the official Soviet policy regarding the Holocaust was to present it as atrocities committed against Soviet citizens, without specifically acknowledging the genocide of the Jews.[8][9]

A Russian-language edition of the Black Book was published in Jerusalem in 1980, and finally in Kyiv, Ukraine in 1991.

The new Russian-language edition of the Black Book was published in 2014 by Editions Corpus with the help of Planeta.ru, a Russian crowdfunding site.[10]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Yad Vashem. "Black Book of Soviet Jewry" (PDF). Shoah Resource Center. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Vasily Grossman; Ilya Ehrenburg (2003). The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry. Translated and edited by David Patterson. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1412820073 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Lawrence J. Gillig. "The Black Book". Translation of 'Chornaya Kniga' Table of Contents. Yizkor Book Project by JewishGen. Compiled and edited by: Vasily Grossman and Ilya Erenburg. Published in Jerusalem by Tarbut, 1970, and in Kyiv by M.I.P. "Oberig", 1991, (Russian).
  4. ^ Peter Y. Medding (1999). Studies in Contemporary Jewry. Oxford University Press. p. 277. ISBN 0195351886. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "Василий Семенович Гроссман. Треблинский ад". lib.ru. (in Russian)
  6. ^ "Stalin and the Black Book of Soviet Jewry | Wilson Center". www.wilsoncenter.org. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  7. ^ Waltzer, Kenneth (1992). "Stalin's War Against the Jews: The Doctor's Plot and the Soviet Solution (review)". Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies. 10 (3): 144–146. doi:10.1353/sho.1992.0010. ISSN 1534-5165. S2CID 159848385.
  8. ^ "Don't Learn from Russians about the Holocaust | Wilson Center". www.wilsoncenter.org. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  9. ^ Lebovic, Matt. "'Auschwitz on Ice' is perfectly fine in Russia, where the Holocaust is not about the Jews". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  10. ^ Василий Гроссман, Илья Эренбург. Черная книга — Издательство Corpus

References edit

  • JewishGen.org, The Black Book: The Ruthless Murder of Jews by German-Fascist Invaders Throughout the Temporarily-Occupied Regions of the Soviet Union and in the German Nazi Death Camps established on occupied Polish soil during the War 1941–1945. Compiled and Edited by Vasily Grossman, Ilya Ehrenburg. (Only the table of contents is available here)
  • YadVashem.org, The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
  • WorldCatLibraries.org, Find the English translation of The Black Book in a library

External links edit

January 01, 1970
black, book, soviet, jewry, simply, black, book, russian, Чёрная, Кни, га, romanized, chyórnaya, kníga, ɕɵrnəjə, ˈknʲiɡə, yiddish, דא, שווא, רצע, בוך, shvartse, bukh, also, known, complete, black, book, russian, jewry, page, document, compiled, publication, il. The Black Book of Soviet Jewry or simply The Black Book Russian Chyornaya Kni ga romanized Chyornaya Kniga IPA ˈt ɕɵrneje ˈknʲiɡe Yiddish דא ס שווא רצע בוך Dos shvartse bukh 1 also known as The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry 2 is a 500 page document compiled for publication by Ilya Ehrenburg and Vasily Grossman originally in late 1944 in the Russian language It was a result of the collaborative effort by the Jewish Anti Fascist Committee JAC and members of the American Jewish community to document the anti Jewish crimes of the Holocaust and the participation of Jews in the resistance movement against the Nazis during World War II The 1991 Kyiv edition of The Black Book was subtitled The Ruthless Murder of Jews by German Fascist Invaders Throughout the Temporarily Occupied Regions of the Soviet Union and in the German Nazi Death Camps established on occupied Polish soil during the War 1941 1945 3 The book was not allowed to be published in the Soviet Union upon the conclusion of the war Its insistence on the uniqueness of Jewish suffering above and beyond the rest of Soviet citizenry was denounced by the Central Committee as anti Soviet 4 Contents 1 Background 2 Manuscripts and publications 3 The fate of the Black Book in the USSR 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksBackground editProminent Jewish Soviet writers and journalists Ilya Ehrenburg and Vasily Grossman served as war reporters for the Red Army Grossman s documentary reports of the opening of the Treblinka and Majdanek extermination camps were some of the first eyewitness accounts as early as 1943 of what later became known as the Holocaust His article The Treblinka Hell was disseminated at the Nuremberg trials as a document for the prosecution 5 Manuscripts and publications editIn 1944 1945 based on their own experiences and on other documents they collected Ehrenburg and Grossman produced two volumes under the title Murder of the People in Yiddish and handed the manuscript to the JAC Copies were sent to the United States the British mandate of Palestine now Israel and Romania in 1946 and excerpts were published in the United States in English under the title Black Book that same year In Romania a part of the manuscript was also published in 1946 It was also printed in Israel A handwritten manuscript of the book is held at Yad Vashem The fate of the Black Book in the USSR editAccording to Ehrenburg the mandatory State literary commission did not commit to publish the book in October 1944 Instead of a straight answer the resolution was write the book and if it comes out well it would be published But it is not we who are the authors it is the fascists What does that mean comes out well this is not a novel it is a document citation needed The book was partially printed in the Soviet Union by the Yiddish publisher Der Emes however the entire edition the typefaces as well as the manuscript were destroyed First the censors ordered changes in the text to conceal the specifically anti Jewish character of the atrocities and to downplay the role of some Ukrainians who worked as Nazi police officers In 1948 the Soviet edition of the book was scrapped completely The collection of original documents that Ehrenburg handed down to the Vilnius Jewish Museum after the war was secretly returned to him upon the Museum s termination in 1948 6 The JAC was also disbanded its members purged at the outset of the state campaign against the rootless cosmopolitans a Soviet euphemism for Jews See also the Doctors plot 7 Typically the official Soviet policy regarding the Holocaust was to present it as atrocities committed against Soviet citizens without specifically acknowledging the genocide of the Jews 8 9 A Russian language edition of the Black Book was published in Jerusalem in 1980 and finally in Kyiv Ukraine in 1991 The new Russian language edition of the Black Book was published in 2014 by Editions Corpus with the help of Planeta ru a Russian crowdfunding site 10 See also editHistory of the Jews in the Soviet Union The Black Book of Polish Jewry The Black Book of CommunismNotes edit Yad Vashem Black Book of Soviet Jewry PDF Shoah Resource Center a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Vasily Grossman Ilya Ehrenburg 2003 The Complete Black Book of Russian Jewry Translated and edited by David Patterson New Brunswick NJ Transaction Publishers ISBN 1412820073 via Google Books Lawrence J Gillig The Black Book Translation of Chornaya Kniga Table of Contents Yizkor Book Project by JewishGen Compiled and edited by Vasily Grossman and Ilya Erenburg Published in Jerusalem by Tarbut 1970 and in Kyiv by M I P Oberig 1991 Russian Peter Y Medding 1999 Studies in Contemporary Jewry Oxford University Press p 277 ISBN 0195351886 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Vasilij Semenovich Grossman Treblinskij ad lib ru in Russian Stalin and the Black Book of Soviet Jewry Wilson Center www wilsoncenter org Retrieved 2022 01 25 Waltzer Kenneth 1992 Stalin s War Against the Jews The Doctor s Plot and the Soviet Solution review Shofar An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 10 3 144 146 doi 10 1353 sho 1992 0010 ISSN 1534 5165 S2CID 159848385 Don t Learn from Russians about the Holocaust Wilson Center www wilsoncenter org Retrieved 2022 01 25 Lebovic Matt Auschwitz on Ice is perfectly fine in Russia where the Holocaust is not about the Jews www timesofisrael com Retrieved 2022 01 25 Vasilij Grossman Ilya Erenburg Chernaya kniga Izdatelstvo CorpusReferences editJewishGen org The Black Book The Ruthless Murder of Jews by German Fascist Invaders Throughout the Temporarily Occupied Regions of the Soviet Union and in the German Nazi Death Camps established on occupied Polish soil during the War 1941 1945 Compiled and Edited by Vasily Grossman Ilya Ehrenburg Only the table of contents is available here YadVashem org The Black Book of Soviet Jewry WorldCatLibraries org Find the English translation of The Black Book in a libraryExternal links editJoshua Rubenstein interview The Unknown Black Book at the Woodrow Wilson Center 22 May 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Black Book of Soviet Jewry amp oldid 1182221223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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