On January 11, 2013, the discovery of the Huge-LQG was announced by the University of Central Lancashire, as the largest known structure in the universe by that time. It is composed of 74 quasars and has a minimum diameter of 1.4 billion light-years, but over 4 billion light-years at its widest point.[2] According to researcher and author, Roger Clowes, the existence of structures with the size of LQGs was believed theoretically impossible. Cosmological structures had been believed to have a size limit of approximately 1.2 billion light-years.[3][4]
An artist's impression of a single quasar powered by a black hole with a mass two billion times that of the Sun
Redshift, denoted as "z," is a fundamental concept in astrophysics used to measure the spectral line shift in light emitted by celestial objects like quasars due to their motion away from Earth. In the table below, higher redshift values directly correspond to greater cosmic distances.
Discovered by P.R. Newman et al. This structure is parallel to the CCLQG, with its discovery, suggesting that the cellular structure of sheets and voids already existed in this era, as found in later void bubbles and walls of galaxies.,[1][7]
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrR.G.Clowes; "Large Quasar Groups - A Short Review"; 'The New Era of Wide Field Astronomy', ASP Conference Series, Vol. 232.; 2001; Astronomical Society of the Pacific; ISBN1-58381-065-X ; Bibcode:2001ASPC..232..108C
^Wall, Mike (2013-01-11). "Largest structure in universe discovered". Fox News.
^Wall, Mike (2013-01-11). "Largest Structure In Universe, Large Quasar Group, Challenges Cosmological Principle". The Huffington Post.
^ abcdefClowes, R. G.; Harris, K. A.; Raghunathan, S.; Campusano, L. E.; Sochting, I. K.; Graham, M. J. (January 11, 2013). "A structure in the early Universe at z ~ 1.3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R-W concordance cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 429 (4): 2910–2916. arXiv:1211.6256. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.2910C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts497.
^Webster, Adrian (May 1982). "The clustering of quasars from an objective-prism survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 199 (3): 683–705. Bibcode:1982MNRAS.199..683W. doi:10.1093/mnras/199.3.683.
^ abcdefghijklmnKomberg, Boris V.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.; Lukash, Vladimir N. (October 1996). "The search and investigation of the Large Groups of Quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 282 (3): 713–722. arXiv:astro-ph/9602090. doi:10.1093/mnras/282.3.713.
^ abcClowes, Roger; Luis E. Campusano, Matthew J. Graham and Ilona K. S¨ochting (2001-09-01). "Two close Large Quasar Groups of size ~ 350 Mpc at z ~ 1.2". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 419 (1): 556–565. arXiv:1108.6221. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.419..556C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19719.x. S2CID 31553670.
^ abGraham, M. J.; Clowes, R. G.; Campusano, L. E. (1995). "Finding Quasar Superstructures". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 275 (3): 790. Bibcode:1995MNRAS.275..790G. doi:10.1093/mnras/275.3.790.
^ScienceDaily, "Biggest Structure in Universe: Large Quasar Group Is 4 Billion Light Years Across", Royal Astronomical Society, 11 January 2013 (accessed 13 January 2013)
^Horváth, István; Hakkila, Jon; Bagoly, Zsolt (2014). "Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: L12. arXiv:1401.0533. Bibcode:2014A&A...561L..12H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323020. S2CID 24224684.
^Horvath, I.; Hakkila, J.; Bagoly, Z. (2013). "The largest structure of the Universe, defined by Gamma-Ray Bursts". arXiv:1311.1104 [astro-ph.CO].
^Klotz, Irene (2013-11-19). "Universe's Largest Structure is a Cosmic Conundrum". Discovery. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
Further readingedit
R. G. Clowes; "Large Quasar Groups - A Short Review"; 'The New Era of Wide Field Astronomy', ASP Conference Series, Vol. 232.; 2001; Astronomical Society of the Pacific; ISBN1-58381-065-X ; Bibcode:2001ASPC..232..108C
March 06, 2024
large, quasar, group, large, quasar, group, collection, quasars, form, supermassive, black, hole, active, galactic, nuclei, that, form, what, thought, constitute, largest, astronomical, structures, observable, universe, lqgs, thought, precursors, sheets, walls. A large quasar group LQG is a collection of quasars a form of supermassive black hole active galactic nuclei that form what are thought to constitute the largest astronomical structures in the observable universe LQGs are thought to be precursors to the sheets walls and filaments of galaxies found in the relatively nearby universe 1 Contents 1 Prominent LQGs 2 List of LQGs 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingProminent LQGs editOn January 11 2013 the discovery of the Huge LQG was announced by the University of Central Lancashire as the largest known structure in the universe by that time It is composed of 74 quasars and has a minimum diameter of 1 4 billion light years but over 4 billion light years at its widest point 2 According to researcher and author Roger Clowes the existence of structures with the size of LQGs was believed theoretically impossible Cosmological structures had been believed to have a size limit of approximately 1 2 billion light years 3 4 List of LQGs editThis section may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details July 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp An artist s impression of a single quasar powered by a black hole with a mass two billion times that of the SunRedshift denoted as z is a fundamental concept in astrophysics used to measure the spectral line shift in light emitted by celestial objects like quasars due to their motion away from Earth In the table below higher redshift values directly correspond to greater cosmic distances Large Quasar Groups LQG Date Mean Distance Dimension of quasars NotesWebster LQG LQG 1 1982 z 0 37 100 Mpc 5 First LQG discovered At the time of its discovery it was the largest structure known 1 4 5 Crampton Cowley Hartwick LQG LQG 2 CCH LQG Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 10 1987 z 1 11 60 Mpc 28 Second LQG discovered 1 4 6 Clowes Campusano LQG U1 28 CCLQG LQG 3 1991 z 1 28 longest dimension 630 Mpc 34 Third LQG discovered 4 7 U1 90 1995 z 1 9 120 Mpc h 10 Discovered by Graham Clowes Campusano 1 6 8 7Sf Group U0 19 1995 z 0 19 60 Mpc h 7 Discovered by Graham Clowes Campusano this is a grouping of 7 Seyfert galaxies 1 6 8 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 1 1996 z 0 6 R 96 Mpc h 12 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 2 1996 z 0 6 R 111 Mpc h 12 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 3 1996 z 1 3 R 123 Mpc h 14 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 4 1996 z 1 9 R 104 Mpc h 14 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 5 1996 z 1 7 R 146 Mpc h 13 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 6 1996 z 1 5 R 94 Mpc h 10 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 7 1996 z 1 9 R 92 Mpc h 10 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 8 1996 z 2 1 R 104 Mpc h 12 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 9 1996 z 1 9 R 66 Mpc h 18 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 11 1996 z 0 7 R 157 Mpc h 11 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Komberg Kravtsov Lukash LQG 12 1996 z 1 2 R 155 Mpc h 14 Discovered by Komberg Kravtsov Lukash 1 6 Newman LQG U1 54 1998 z 1 54 150 Mpc h 21 Discovered by P R Newman et al This structure is parallel to the CCLQG with its discovery suggesting that the cellular structure of sheets and voids already existed in this era as found in later void bubbles and walls of galaxies 1 7 Tesch Engels LQG 2000 z 0 27 140 Mpc h 7 The first X ray selected LQG 1 U1 11 2011 z 1 11 longest dimension 780 Mpc 38 4 7 Huge LQG U1 27 2013 z 1 27 characteristic size 500 Mpc longest dimension 1240 Mpc 73 The largest structure known in the observable universe 4 9 until it was eclipsed by the Hercules Corona Borealis Great Wall found one year later 10 11 12 See also editList of largest cosmic structures Large scale structure of the cosmosReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r R G Clowes Large Quasar Groups A Short Review The New Era of Wide Field Astronomy ASP Conference Series Vol 232 2001 Astronomical Society of the Pacific ISBN 1 58381 065 X Bibcode 2001ASPC 232 108C Wall Mike 2013 01 11 Largest structure in universe discovered Fox News Wall Mike 2013 01 11 Largest Structure In Universe Large Quasar Group Challenges Cosmological Principle The Huffington Post a b c d e f Clowes R G Harris K A Raghunathan S Campusano L E Sochting I K Graham M J January 11 2013 A structure in the early Universe at z 1 3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R W concordance cosmology Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 429 4 2910 2916 arXiv 1211 6256 Bibcode 2013MNRAS 429 2910C doi 10 1093 mnras sts497 Webster Adrian May 1982 The clustering of quasars from an objective prism survey Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 199 3 683 705 Bibcode 1982MNRAS 199 683W doi 10 1093 mnras 199 3 683 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Komberg Boris V Kravtsov Andrey V Lukash Vladimir N October 1996 The search and investigation of the Large Groups of Quasars Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 282 3 713 722 arXiv astro ph 9602090 doi 10 1093 mnras 282 3 713 a b c Clowes Roger Luis E Campusano Matthew J Graham and Ilona K S ochting 2001 09 01 Two close Large Quasar Groups of size 350 Mpc at z 1 2 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 419 1 556 565 arXiv 1108 6221 Bibcode 2012MNRAS 419 556C doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2011 19719 x S2CID 31553670 a b Graham M J Clowes R G Campusano L E 1995 Finding Quasar Superstructures Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 275 3 790 Bibcode 1995MNRAS 275 790G doi 10 1093 mnras 275 3 790 ScienceDaily Biggest Structure in Universe Large Quasar Group Is 4 Billion Light Years Across Royal Astronomical Society 11 January 2013 accessed 13 January 2013 Horvath Istvan Hakkila Jon Bagoly Zsolt 2014 Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two Astronomy amp Astrophysics 561 L12 arXiv 1401 0533 Bibcode 2014A amp A 561L 12H doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201323020 S2CID 24224684 Horvath I Hakkila J Bagoly Z 2013 The largest structure of the Universe defined by Gamma Ray Bursts arXiv 1311 1104 astro ph CO Klotz Irene 2013 11 19 Universe s Largest Structure is a Cosmic Conundrum Discovery Retrieved 2013 11 22 Further reading editR G Clowes Large Quasar Groups A Short Review The New Era of Wide Field Astronomy ASP Conference Series Vol 232 2001 Astronomical Society of the Pacific ISBN 1 58381 065 X Bibcode 2001ASPC 232 108C Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Large quasar group amp oldid 1182398776 List of LQGs, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
