The Temple of Kalabsha (also Temple of Mandulis) is an ancient Egyptiantemple that was originally located at Bab al-Kalabsha (Gate of Kalabsha), approximately 50 km south of Aswan.[1]
The Temple of Kalabsha in 2004Carved relief from Kalabsha temple
Egypt - Temple of Kalabscheh, Nubia. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection
The temple was situated on the west bank of the Nile River, in Nubia, and was originally built around 30 BC during the early Roman era. While the temple was constructed in Augustus's reign, it was never finished.[3] The temple was a tribute to Mandulis (Merul), a Lower Nubian sun god.[4] It was constructed over an earlier sanctuary of Amenhotep II.[5]
The temple is 76 m long and 22 m wide in dimension.[6] While the structure dates to the Roman period, it features many fine reliefs such as "a fine carving of Horus emerging from reeds on the inner curtain wall" of the temple.[7] From Kalabsha's "sanctuary chambers, a staircase leads up to the roof of the temple" where one can see a splendid view of the temple itself and the sacred lake.[8]
Several historical records were inscribed on the temple walls of Kalabsha such as "a long inscription carved by the Roman Governor Aurelius Besarion in AD 250, forbidding pigs in the temple" as well as an inscription of "the Nubian king Silko, carved during the 5th century and recording his victory over the Blemmyes and a picture of him dressed as a Roman soldier on horseback."[9] Silko was the Christian king of the Nubian kingdom of Nobatia.[10]
When Christianity was introduced to Egypt, the temple was used as a church.[4] In 1819 the traveller Joseph de Senkowsky mentioned a variety of paintings depicting Christian saints, among them John the Baptist.[11]
With help from Germany, the temple of Kalabsha was relocated after the Aswan High Dam was built,[when?] to protect it from the rising waters of Lake Nasser. The temple was moved to a site, located just south of the Aswan High Dam. The process of moving the temple took more than two years.[4] The temple of Kalabsha was the largest free-standing temple of Egyptian Nubia (after Abu Simbel, which was rock-cut, not free-standing) to be moved and erected at a new site.[12] Although the building was never completed, it "is regarded as one of the best examples of Egyptian architecture in Nubia."[13]
In 1971, Egypt gave one of the temple's gates to the Federal Republic of Germany out of gratitude for Germany’s participation in the rescue of the Nubian temples. Since 1977 the gate has been located in the annex of Berlin's Egyptian Museum in Berlin-Charlottenburg.[14] The gate will be moved to become the monumental entrance to the fourth wing of the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, which is currently[when?] being constructed.[15]
^Lorna Oakes, Pyramids, Temples and Tombs of Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated Atlas of the Land of the Pharaohs, Hermes House:Anness Publishing Ltd, 2003. p. 208
^"Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
^Rosalie David, Discovering Ancient Egypt, Facts on File, 1993. p. 103
^ abcKamil, Jill (1996). Upper Egypt and Nubia: The Antiquities from Amarna to Abu Simbel. Egyptian International Publishing Company. pp. 141–143.
^Joseph de Senkowsky (1819): "Précis du journal inédit d'un voyage fait dans la Nubie et le nord de l'Ethiopie, en 1819" in "Journal des voyages, découvertes et navigations modernes, Vol. 17", p. 151
^Christine Hobson, Exploring the World of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1997. p.177
(f) Le temple de Temple de Kalabasha sur Egypte eternelle.org
September 01, 2023
temple, kalabsha, also, temple, mandulis, ancient, egyptian, temple, that, originally, located, kalabsha, gate, kalabsha, approximately, south, aswan, 2004carved, relief, from, kalabsha, templein, 1960s, temple, relocated, under, international, campaign, save,. The Temple of Kalabsha also Temple of Mandulis is an ancient Egyptian temple that was originally located at Bab al Kalabsha Gate of Kalabsha approximately 50 km south of Aswan 1 The Temple of Kalabsha in 2004Carved relief from Kalabsha templeIn the 1960s the temple was relocated under the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia and inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 along with other outstanding examples of Nubian architecture including Abu Simbel and Amada 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Movement 2 Gallery of images 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory Edit nbsp Egypt Temple of Kalabscheh Nubia Brooklyn Museum Archives Goodyear Archival CollectionThe temple was situated on the west bank of the Nile River in Nubia and was originally built around 30 BC during the early Roman era While the temple was constructed in Augustus s reign it was never finished 3 The temple was a tribute to Mandulis Merul a Lower Nubian sun god 4 It was constructed over an earlier sanctuary of Amenhotep II 5 The temple is 76 m long and 22 m wide in dimension 6 While the structure dates to the Roman period it features many fine reliefs such as a fine carving of Horus emerging from reeds on the inner curtain wall of the temple 7 From Kalabsha s sanctuary chambers a staircase leads up to the roof of the temple where one can see a splendid view of the temple itself and the sacred lake 8 Several historical records were inscribed on the temple walls of Kalabsha such as a long inscription carved by the Roman Governor Aurelius Besarion in AD 250 forbidding pigs in the temple as well as an inscription of the Nubian king Silko carved during the 5th century and recording his victory over the Blemmyes and a picture of him dressed as a Roman soldier on horseback 9 Silko was the Christian king of the Nubian kingdom of Nobatia 10 When Christianity was introduced to Egypt the temple was used as a church 4 In 1819 the traveller Joseph de Senkowsky mentioned a variety of paintings depicting Christian saints among them John the Baptist 11 Movement Edit nbsp Kalabsha Gate ca 30 BCE at the Egyptian Museum of Berlin given as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of NubiaMain article International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia With help from Germany the temple of Kalabsha was relocated after the Aswan High Dam was built when to protect it from the rising waters of Lake Nasser The temple was moved to a site located just south of the Aswan High Dam The process of moving the temple took more than two years 4 The temple of Kalabsha was the largest free standing temple of Egyptian Nubia after Abu Simbel which was rock cut not free standing to be moved and erected at a new site 12 Although the building was never completed it is regarded as one of the best examples of Egyptian architecture in Nubia 13 In 1971 Egypt gave one of the temple s gates to the Federal Republic of Germany out of gratitude for Germany s participation in the rescue of the Nubian temples Since 1977 the gate has been located in the annex of Berlin s Egyptian Museum in Berlin Charlottenburg 14 The gate will be moved to become the monumental entrance to the fourth wing of the Pergamon Museum in Berlin which is currently when being constructed 15 Gallery of images Edit nbsp Temple of Kalabsha nbsp relief of Augustus at Kalabsha nbsp The Nubian god Mandulis from Kalabsha temple nbsp Stereo card of the temple 1904 nbsp Coptic inscriptions commemorating the temple s conversion into a church nbsp Graffiti of crosses nbsp 19th century sketch of a Christian wall painting nbsp Photo of a Christian wall painting from 1911 nbsp View of the main gate from inside nbsp Relief on the walls of the temple nbsp Kalabsha main pilon nbsp Remains of sculptures close to the templeSee also EditNubian architectureReferences Edit Lorna Oakes Pyramids Temples and Tombs of Ancient Egypt An Illustrated Atlas of the Land of the Pharaohs Hermes House Anness Publishing Ltd 2003 p 208 Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae UNESCO World Heritage Centre United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization Retrieved 7 September 2021 Rosalie David Discovering Ancient Egypt Facts on File 1993 p 103 a b c Kamil Jill 1996 Upper Egypt and Nubia The Antiquities from Amarna to Abu Simbel Egyptian International Publishing Company pp 141 143 David p 103 New Kalabsha at Aswan Al Ahram Weekly June 13 2002 Archived from the original on January 3 2004 Christine Hobson Exploring the World of the Pharaohs A Complete Guide to Ancient Egypt Thames amp Hudson 1993 paperback p 185 Hobson p 185 Hobson p 185 Oakes p 209 Joseph de Senkowsky 1819 Precis du journal inedit d un voyage fait dans la Nubie et le nord de l Ethiopie en 1819 in Journal des voyages decouvertes et navigations modernes Vol 17 p 151 Christine Hobson Exploring the World of the Pharaohs Thames amp Hudson Ltd 1997 p 177 Oakes p 208 History of Museum Society for the Promotion of the Egyptian Museum Berlin www egyptian museum berlin com Retrieved 2020 10 28 Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection www museumsinsel berlin de Retrieved 2020 10 28 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temple of Kalabsha 23 36 00 N 32 49 00 E 23 6 N 32 816667 E 23 6 32 816667 pre relocation f Le temple de Temple de Kalabasha sur Egypte eternelle org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Temple of Kalabsha amp oldid 1170029507, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
