Shahi Tegin, Tegin Shah or Sri Shahi (ruled 680-739 CE, known to the Chinese as 烏散特勤灑 Wusan Teqin Sa "Tegin Shah of Khorasan") was a king of the Turk Shahis, a dynasty of Western Turk or mixed Western Turk-Hephthalite origin who ruled from Kabul and Kapisa to Gandhara in the 7th to 9th centuries.[4]
Tegin Shah
Majestic Sovereign
Coin of Tegin Shah towards the end of his reign. Obverse: Crown with tridents and lion head.[1]Brahmi inscription around (starting 11:00): sri-hitivira kharalava parame – svara sri sahi tiginadeva karita ("His Excellency, Iltäbär of Khalaj, worshipper of the Supreme God, His Excellency the King, the divine Lord Tegin had minted this coin"). Inside, Bactrian inscription: σρι Ϸανο Sri Shaho (His Excellency the King").[2] Reverse: Portrait of the Iranian fire god Adur. Pahlavi inscription (starting 12:00) hpt-hpt t’ ("[year] 77") tkyn’ hwl’s s’n MLKA ("Tegin, King of Khorasan").[3] The date is in the post-Yazdegerd III era, and corresponds to 728 CE, attributing it to the reign of Tegin Shah.[2]
During their rule, the Turk Shahi were in constant conflict against the eastward expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate.[4] About 650 CE, the Arabs captured Sistan, and started to attack Shahi territory from the west.[4] They captured Kabul in 665 CE, but the Turk Shahis were able to mount a counter-offensive and repulsed the Arabs, taking back the areas of Kabul and Zabulistan (around Ghazni), as well as the region of Arachosia as far as Kandahar.[4]
Rule
In 680 CE, Shahi Tegin succeeded Barha Tegin.[6] The Arabs again failed to capture Kabul and Zabulistan in 697-698 CE, and their general Yazid ibn Ziyad was killed in the action.[4]
In 719/20 CE, the Tegin of Kabulistan (Tegin Shah) and the Iltäbär of Zabulistan sent a combined embassy to the Chinese Emperor of the Tang Dynasty in Xi'an to obtain confirmation of their thrones.[7][8] The Chinese emperor signed an investiture decree, which was returned to the Turk rulers:[7]
In the seventh year of the Kaiyuan reign [719 CE], [Jibin dispatched] envoys to the [Tang] court, who offered up a book of an astrological text, secret medical recipes, together with foreign medecines and other things. An imperial edict was issued to bestow on the king [of Jibin] the title Geluodazhi Tele [for "Tegin"].
The word "Geluodazhi" in this extract (Chinese: 葛罗达支, pronounced in Early Middle Chinese: kat-la-dat-tcǐe), is thought to be a transliteration of the ethnonym Khalaj.[10] Hence Tegin Shah was "Tegin of the Khalaj".[10] This title also appears on his coinage in Gupta script, where he is named "hitivira kharalāča", probably meaning "Iltäbär of the Khalaj".[10] In 720 CE, the ruler of Zabulistan (謝䫻, xieyu) also received the title Gedaluozhi Xielifa (Chinese: 葛達羅支頡利發), Xielifa being the known Chinese transcription of the Turkish "Iltäbär", hence "Iltäbär of the Khalaj".[11] Overall, it seems that the Turk Shahi rulers were Khalaj Turks.[12]
Tegin Shah abdicated in 739 CE in favour of his son Fromo Kesaro and sent an embassy through Central Asia in 719 CE:[4][a]
In the 27th year [of Kaiyuan, ie 739 CE], the king Wusan Tela Sa [for Khorasan Tegin Shah] submitted a memorial requesting that due to his old age, his son Fulin Jisuo may succeed him on the throne. The emperor agreed and dispatched an envoy in order to confer the king's title on him through an imperial edict.
^Alram, Michael (1 February 2021). Sasanian Iran in the Context of Late Antiquity: The Bahari Lecture Series at the University of Oxford. BRILL. pp. 16, Fig.24. ISBN978-90-04-46066-9.
^ ab"The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: Chorasan Tegin Shah". Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. 2012–2013. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
^"15. The Rutbils of Zabulistan and the "Emperor of Rome"". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
^Vondrovec, Klaus. Coins, Art and Chronology II - The First Millennium C.E. in the Indo-Iranian Borderlands (Coinage of the Nezak). p. 183.
^ abcdAlram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus. "The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: 14. Kabulistan and Bactria at the Time of "Khorasan Tegin Shah"". Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
^ abcBalogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. p. 104. ISBN978-94-93194-01-4.
^ abcBalogh, Dániel (12 March 2020). Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History. Barkhuis. p. 105. ISBN978-94-93194-01-4.
^Original Chinese in Cefu Yuangui, book 0964 冊府元龜 (四庫全書本)/卷0964 "九月遣使冊葛達羅支頡利發誓屈爾為謝䫻國王葛達羅支特勒為𦋺賔國王", simplified Chinese "九月遣使册葛达罗支颉利发誓屈尔为谢䫻国王葛达罗支特勒为𦋺賔国王", "In September [720 CE] ambassadors recorded that Gedalouzhi Xielifa Shiquer was enthroned as king of Zabulistan, Gedaluozhi Tele was enthroned as king of Jibin." see Inaba, Minoru (2010). From Kesar the Kābulšāh and Cenral Asia, in "Coins, Art and Chronology II The First Millennium C.E. in the Indo-Iranian Borderland". Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 452. ISBN978-3700168850. also " 開元八年，天子冊葛達羅支頡利發誓屈爾為王。至天寶中數朝獻。" "In the eighth year of Kaiyuan (720), the Emperor approved the enthronement of Gedalouzhi Xielifa Shiquer. Their envoys came to the royal court several times until the Tianbao era (742–756)." in 稲葉穣, Inaba Minoru (2015). "From Caojuzha to Ghazna/Ghaznīn: Early Medieval Chinese and Muslim Descriptions of Eastern Afghanistan". Journal of Asian History. 49 (1–2): 100. doi:10.13173/jasiahist.49.1-2.0097. ISSN 0021-910X. JSTOR 10.13173/jasiahist.49.1-2.0097.
^Inaba, Minoru. "From Kesar the Kābulšāh and Cenral Asia": 445. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Martin 2011, p. 127:"He received this laudatory epithet because he, like the Byzantines, was successful at holding back the Muslim conquerors."
Sources
Martin, Dan (2011). "Greek and Islamic Medicines' Historical Contact with Tibet". In Akasoy, Anna; Burnett, Charles; Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit (eds.). Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 117–144. ISBN978-0-7546-6956-2.
tegin, shah, shahi, tegin, shahi, ruled, known, chinese, 烏散特勤灑, wusan, teqin, khorasan, king, turk, shahis, dynasty, western, turk, mixed, western, turk, hephthalite, origin, ruled, from, kabul, kapisa, gandhara, centuries, majestic, sovereigncoin, towards, re. Shahi Tegin Tegin Shah or Sri Shahi ruled 680 739 CE known to the Chinese as 烏散特勤灑 Wusan Teqin Sa Tegin Shah of Khorasan was a king of the Turk Shahis a dynasty of Western Turk or mixed Western Turk Hephthalite origin who ruled from Kabul and Kapisa to Gandhara in the 7th to 9th centuries 4 Tegin ShahMajestic SovereignCoin of Tegin Shah towards the end of his reign Obverse Crown with tridents and lion head 1 Brahmi inscription around starting 11 00 sri hitivira kharalava parame svara sri sahi tiginadeva karita His Excellency Iltabar of Khalaj worshipper of the Supreme God His Excellency the King the divine Lord Tegin had minted this coin Inside Bactrian inscription sri Ϸano Sri Shaho His Excellency the King 2 Reverse Portrait of the Iranian fire god Adur Pahlavi inscription starting 12 00 hpt hpt t year 77 tkyn hwl s s n MLKA Tegin King of Khorasan 3 The date is in the post Yazdegerd III era and corresponds to 728 CE attributing it to the reign of Tegin Shah 2 Turk Shahi KingReign680 739 CEPredecessorBarha TeginSuccessorFromo KesaroTOKHARISTANYABGHUSTURKSHAHISUMAYYADCALIPHATEWESTERN TURKSCHALUKYASGUJARA PRATIHARAclass notpageimage Approximate location of the Turk Shahis Contents 1 Context 2 Rule 3 References 4 Notes 5 SourcesContext EditKabulistan was the heartland of the Turk Shahi domain which at times included Zabulistan 5 and Gandhara During their rule the Turk Shahi were in constant conflict against the eastward expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate 4 About 650 CE the Arabs captured Sistan and started to attack Shahi territory from the west 4 They captured Kabul in 665 CE but the Turk Shahis were able to mount a counter offensive and repulsed the Arabs taking back the areas of Kabul and Zabulistan around Ghazni as well as the region of Arachosia as far as Kandahar 4 Rule EditIn 680 CE Shahi Tegin succeeded Barha Tegin 6 The Arabs again failed to capture Kabul and Zabulistan in 697 698 CE and their general Yazid ibn Ziyad was killed in the action 4 In 719 20 CE the Tegin of Kabulistan Tegin Shah and the Iltabar of Zabulistan sent a combined embassy to the Chinese Emperor of the Tang Dynasty in Xi an to obtain confirmation of their thrones 7 8 The Chinese emperor signed an investiture decree which was returned to the Turk rulers 7 In the seventh year of the Kaiyuan reign 719 CE Jibin dispatched envoys to the Tang court who offered up a book of an astrological text secret medical recipes together with foreign medecines and other things An imperial edict was issued to bestow on the king of Jibin the title Geluodazhi Tele for Tegin Old Book of Tang Book 198 7 8 9 The word Geluodazhi in this extract Chinese 葛罗达支 pronounced in Early Middle Chinese kat la dat tcǐe is thought to be a transliteration of the ethnonym Khalaj 10 Hence Tegin Shah was Tegin of the Khalaj 10 This title also appears on his coinage in Gupta script where he is named hitivira kharalaca probably meaning Iltabar of the Khalaj 10 In 720 CE the ruler of Zabulistan 謝䫻 xieyu also received the title Gedaluozhi Xielifa Chinese 葛達羅支頡利發 Xielifa being the known Chinese transcription of the Turkish Iltabar hence Iltabar of the Khalaj 11 Overall it seems that the Turk Shahi rulers were Khalaj Turks 12 Tegin Shah abdicated in 739 CE in favour of his son Fromo Kesaro and sent an embassy through Central Asia in 719 CE 4 a In the 27th year of Kaiyuan ie 739 CE the king Wusan Tela Sa for Khorasan Tegin Shah submitted a memorial requesting that due to his old age his son Fulin Jisuo may succeed him on the throne The emperor agreed and dispatched an envoy in order to confer the king s title on him through an imperial edict Old Book of Tang Book 198 7 8 13 Coin of Shahi Tegin Sri Shahi References Edit Alram Michael 1 February 2021 Sasanian Iran in the Context of Late Antiquity The Bahari Lecture Series at the University of Oxford BRILL pp 16 Fig 24 ISBN 978 90 04 46066 9 a b The Countenance of the other The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India 2012 2013 exhibit Chorasan Tegin Shah Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna 2012 2013 Retrieved July 22 2017 Kuwayama 1993 p 395 Coin E 208 a b c d e f Kim Hyun Jin 19 November 2015 The Huns Routledge pp 58 59 ISBN 978 1 317 34090 4 15 The Rutbils of Zabulistan and the Emperor of Rome Pro geo univie ac at Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna Retrieved July 22 2017 Vondrovec Klaus Coins Art and Chronology II The First Millennium C E in the Indo Iranian Borderlands Coinage of the Nezak p 183 a b c d Alram Michael Filigenzi Anna Kinberger Michaela Nell Daniel Pfisterer Matthias Vondrovec Klaus The Countenance of the other The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India 2012 2013 exhibit 14 Kabulistan and Bactria at the Time of Khorasan Tegin Shah Pro geo univie ac at Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna Retrieved July 16 2017 a b c Balogh Daniel 12 March 2020 Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia Sources for their Origin and History Barkhuis p 104 ISBN 978 94 93194 01 4 Original Chinese 开元七年 遣使来朝 进天文经一夹 秘要方并蕃药等物 诏遣册其王为葛罗达支特勒 url http www guoxue123 com shibu 0101 00jts 209 htm website www guoxue123 com a b c Balogh Daniel 12 March 2020 Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia Sources for their Origin and History Barkhuis p 105 ISBN 978 94 93194 01 4 Original Chinese in Cefu Yuangui book 0964 冊府元龜 四庫全書本 卷0964 九月遣使冊葛達羅支頡利發誓屈爾為謝䫻國王葛達羅支特勒為𦋺賔國王 simplified Chinese 九月遣使册葛达罗支颉利发誓屈尔为谢䫻国王葛达罗支特勒为𦋺賔国王 In September 720 CE ambassadors recorded that Gedalouzhi Xielifa Shiquer was enthroned as king of Zabulistan Gedaluozhi Tele was enthroned as king of Jibin see Inaba Minoru 2010 From Kesar the Kabulsah and Cenral Asia in Coins Art and Chronology II The First Millennium C E in the Indo Iranian Borderland Vienna Austrian Academy of Sciences Press p 452 ISBN 978 3700168850 also 開元八年 天子冊葛達羅支頡利發誓屈爾為王 至天寶中數朝獻 In the eighth year of Kaiyuan 720 the Emperor approved the enthronement of Gedalouzhi Xielifa Shiquer Their envoys came to the royal court several times until the Tianbao era 742 756 in 稲葉穣 Inaba Minoru 2015 From Caojuzha to Ghazna Ghaznin Early Medieval Chinese and Muslim Descriptions of Eastern Afghanistan Journal of Asian History 49 1 2 100 doi 10 13173 jasiahist 49 1 2 0097 ISSN 0021 910X JSTOR 10 13173 jasiahist 49 1 2 0097 Inaba Minoru From Kesar the Kabulsah and Cenral Asia 445 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Original Chinese 二十七年 其王乌散特勒洒以年老 上表请以子拂菻罽婆嗣位 许之 仍降使册命 卷一百九十八 列传第一百四十八 旧唐书 www guoxue123 com Notes Edit Martin 2011 p 127 He received this laudatory epithet because he like the Byzantines was successful at holding back the Muslim conquerors Sources EditMartin Dan 2011 Greek and Islamic Medicines Historical Contact with Tibet In Akasoy Anna Burnett Charles Yoeli Tlalim Ronit eds Islam and Tibet Interactions Along the Musk Routes Farnham Surrey Ashgate Publishing pp 117 144 ISBN 978 0 7546 6956 2 Kuwayama Shōshin 桑山正進 1993 6 8 世紀 Kapisi Kabul Zabul の貨幣と發行者 PDF 東方學報 in Japanese 65 371 430 Preceded byBarha Tegin Turk Shahis680 739 CE Succeeded byFromo Kesaro Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tegin Shah amp oldid 1115212342, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
