Chief Tecumtum (died 1864), was the chief of the Etch-ka-taw-wah band of Athabaskan Indians and a leader in the Rogue River Wars. He signed three treaties with the United States between 1851 and 1854.[1]
Tecumtum, whose name meant Elk-killer, was the chief of the Etch-ka-taw-wah Band of Athabaskan Indians who were the last to surrender in the Rogue River war in 1855–1856.[2] He lived in Deer Creek in Illinois Valley. Prior to the Rogue River war, he signed three treaties with the US: the Treaty with the Rogue River in 1851, the Treaty with the Rogue River in 1853, and the Treaty with the Rogue River in 1854.[1] The discovery of gold in this area led to high tensions between the white settlers and the native tribe.[2] Tecumtum was one of the leaders of The Rogue River War and he and his soldiers were one of the last to surrender in summer 1856.[3] Two years later, Tecumtum and his son were imprisoned in San Francisco for "allegedly plotting an uprising".[2] In 1862, Tecumtum was released from prison thanks to an appeal from his daughters. Once he was out of jail, he moved back to Oregon to live on the Grand Ronde Reservation.[1] He died of old age on June 6, 1864, at Fort Yamhill.[2]
Warsedit
The discovery of gold in Southwest Oregon in 1850 created an influx of people to the area, exacerbating the tensions between the existing Native and white populations.[2] The biggest of the wars involving Chief John were the Rogue River Wars, a series of conflicts that began in 1851 when Captain Tichenor's crew killed around thirty Indians at Battle Rock. This war didn't start until 1855 but had ongoing engagements for years until eventually coming to a halt in 1856.[4] Not long after the lynching in 1855 of one of Tecumtum's sons and another tribe member, Jacksonville volunteers massacred a Native American village.[2] After this occurrence, Tecumtum, followed by his men, made their way into the mountains where they spent their time fighting with the whites for over a year.[5] During this time of such violence, leading Tecumtum and his men to flee into the mountains, he still requested and wanted to live in peace with the whites; however Tecumtum knew that wasn't an option for him and his men. “That he would rather die fighting for his rights than to…have his people killed for nothing when ever it suited the caprice of some men to do so.”[2] Recorded by a government official who spoke to Tecumtum.[2] In the summer of 1856, the surrendering of Tecumtum and his men became apparent, then he and his people were forced to travel by foot 125 miles to the land they were forced to live upon, now called the Siletz Reservation.[2] Tecumtum was also part of a battle known as the Battle of Big Meadows, but there is debate as to whether this battle was started by him and his group, or as a result of a failed truce between a group of Native Americans and a group of Euro-Americans.[6]
Cultural clashesedit
Tyee John was a Shasta chief who was faithful to the Table Rock Treaty. All the Indian agents regarded John as the most incredible and heroic chief in the Native history. But his life was never in peace.[7] Chief John lived on Deer Creek near the Illinois valley, with his family, sons, and daughters.[1] The first engagement between the whites and Chief John was in August 1856, when Lieutenant Burrell Griffin and his troops invaded an Indian village. The whites were simply overpowered and were forced to retreat.[8] The major clash was with the gold miners who murdered Tecumtum’s son and his fellow troop.[7] This aroused Chief John’s temper, moreover, the government refused to punish those criminals.[7] Tecumtum and his people suffered through terrible invasions, injustice, and persecutions.[7] Conflicts and tensions became more intense when the troops of Tipsu Tyee’s band did violations such as thefts, burnings and killing two white settlers.[7] Therefore, in the early 1854, the miners started attacking into the Deer Creek.[1] The Shasta warrior led his people into the forest where they can hide and escape from the whites.[1] The whites became strong after the California Volunteer Militia involved into the war.[7] Colonel Buchanan and Captain Andrew Smith took parts against the Shasta leader in Rogue River War.[7] In 1856, Tecumtum addressed Colonel Buchanan saying, "You are a great chief. So am I. This is my country; I was in it when those trees were very small, not higher than my head. My heart is sick with fighting, but I want to live in my country. If the white people are willing, I will go back to the Deer creek and live among them as I used to do. They can visit my camp, and I will visit theirs; but I will not lay down my arms and go with you on the reserve. I will fight. Good-by."[9] Eventually, on the Coast Reservation, Over half of the Rogue Tribe was removed due to the Siletz Agency.[10]
^Penner, Liisa (2014). "Swedish Roots, Oregon Lives: An Oral History Project by Lars Nordstrom". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 115 (3): 457a–458. doi:10.1353/ohq.2014.0046. ISSN 2329-3780. S2CID 245845363.
^Hinton, Alexander Laban; Woolford, Andrew; Benvenuto, Jeff (October 31, 2014). Colonial Genocide in Indigenous North America. Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-7614-9.
^ abcdefgNichols, Roger L. (2011). "The People are Dancing Again: The History of the Siletz Tribe of Western Oregon by Charles Wilkinson". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 112 (2): 256–257. doi:10.1353/ohq.2011.0060. ISSN 2329-3780. S2CID 245845772.
^Research, Ethnohistory; Lewis, LLC | David G.; PhD (2017-10-19). "The Takelma Tribe's Stories". QUARTUX. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
April 10, 2024
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This article may be written from a fan s point of view rather than a neutral point of view Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality and to make it neutral in tone March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Chief Tecumtum died 1864 was the chief of the Etch ka taw wah band of Athabaskan Indians and a leader in the Rogue River Wars He signed three treaties with the United States between 1851 and 1854 1 TecumtumTecumtum aka Chief John ca 1863Etch Ka Taw Wah leaderPersonal detailsBornDate and location unknownDied 1864 08 06 August 6 1864Fort Yamhill OregonCause of deathOld ageChildrenAt least four sons and two daughtersNickname s Chief John Old John Tyee John Elk killerMilitary serviceBattles warsRogue River Wars Contents 1 Biography 2 Wars 3 Cultural clashes 4 ReferencesBiography editTecumtum whose name meant Elk killer was the chief of the Etch ka taw wah Band of Athabaskan Indians who were the last to surrender in the Rogue River war in 1855 1856 2 He lived in Deer Creek in Illinois Valley Prior to the Rogue River war he signed three treaties with the US the Treaty with the Rogue River in 1851 the Treaty with the Rogue River in 1853 and the Treaty with the Rogue River in 1854 1 The discovery of gold in this area led to high tensions between the white settlers and the native tribe 2 Tecumtum was one of the leaders of The Rogue River War and he and his soldiers were one of the last to surrender in summer 1856 3 Two years later Tecumtum and his son were imprisoned in San Francisco for allegedly plotting an uprising 2 In 1862 Tecumtum was released from prison thanks to an appeal from his daughters Once he was out of jail he moved back to Oregon to live on the Grand Ronde Reservation 1 He died of old age on June 6 1864 at Fort Yamhill 2 Wars editThe discovery of gold in Southwest Oregon in 1850 created an influx of people to the area exacerbating the tensions between the existing Native and white populations 2 The biggest of the wars involving Chief John were the Rogue River Wars a series of conflicts that began in 1851 when Captain Tichenor s crew killed around thirty Indians at Battle Rock This war didn t start until 1855 but had ongoing engagements for years until eventually coming to a halt in 1856 4 Not long after the lynching in 1855 of one of Tecumtum s sons and another tribe member Jacksonville volunteers massacred a Native American village 2 After this occurrence Tecumtum followed by his men made their way into the mountains where they spent their time fighting with the whites for over a year 5 During this time of such violence leading Tecumtum and his men to flee into the mountains he still requested and wanted to live in peace with the whites however Tecumtum knew that wasn t an option for him and his men That he would rather die fighting for his rights than to have his people killed for nothing when ever it suited the caprice of some men to do so 2 Recorded by a government official who spoke to Tecumtum 2 In the summer of 1856 the surrendering of Tecumtum and his men became apparent then he and his people were forced to travel by foot 125 miles to the land they were forced to live upon now called the Siletz Reservation 2 Tecumtum was also part of a battle known as the Battle of Big Meadows but there is debate as to whether this battle was started by him and his group or as a result of a failed truce between a group of Native Americans and a group of Euro Americans 6 Cultural clashes editTyee John was a Shasta chief who was faithful to the Table Rock Treaty All the Indian agents regarded John as the most incredible and heroic chief in the Native history But his life was never in peace 7 Chief John lived on Deer Creek near the Illinois valley with his family sons and daughters 1 The first engagement between the whites and Chief John was in August 1856 when Lieutenant Burrell Griffin and his troops invaded an Indian village The whites were simply overpowered and were forced to retreat 8 The major clash was with the gold miners who murdered Tecumtum s son and his fellow troop 7 This aroused Chief John s temper moreover the government refused to punish those criminals 7 Tecumtum and his people suffered through terrible invasions injustice and persecutions 7 Conflicts and tensions became more intense when the troops of Tipsu Tyee s band did violations such as thefts burnings and killing two white settlers 7 Therefore in the early 1854 the miners started attacking into the Deer Creek 1 The Shasta warrior led his people into the forest where they can hide and escape from the whites 1 The whites became strong after the California Volunteer Militia involved into the war 7 Colonel Buchanan and Captain Andrew Smith took parts against the Shasta leader in Rogue River War 7 In 1856 Tecumtum addressed Colonel Buchanan saying You are a great chief So am I This is my country I was in it when those trees were very small not higher than my head My heart is sick with fighting but I want to live in my country If the white people are willing I will go back to the Deer creek and live among them as I used to do They can visit my camp and I will visit theirs but I will not lay down my arms and go with you on the reserve I will fight Good by 9 Eventually on the Coast Reservation Over half of the Rogue Tribe was removed due to the Siletz Agency 10 References edit a b c d e f Lewis David October 8 2021 Tecumtum 1864 Oregon Encyclopedia Retrieved 2022 03 07 a b c d e f g h i Allen Cain 2003 Tecumtum Chief John The Oregon History Project Oregon Historical Society Retrieved 2022 03 08 Schwartz E A September 2 2021 Rogue River War of 1855 1856 Oregon Encyclopedia Retrieved 2022 03 11 Wilkinson Charles 2010 The People Are Dancing Again Seattle WA University of Washington Press p 106 ISBN 978 0 295 80201 5 Penner Liisa 2014 Swedish Roots Oregon Lives An Oral History Project by Lars Nordstrom Oregon Historical Quarterly 115 3 457a 458 doi 10 1353 ohq 2014 0046 ISSN 2329 3780 S2CID 245845363 Hinton Alexander Laban Woolford Andrew Benvenuto Jeff October 31 2014 Colonial Genocide in Indigenous North America Duke University Press ISBN 978 0 8223 7614 9 a b c d e f g Nichols Roger L 2011 The People are Dancing Again The History of the Siletz Tribe of Western Oregon by Charles Wilkinson Oregon Historical Quarterly 112 2 256 257 doi 10 1353 ohq 2011 0060 ISSN 2329 3780 S2CID 245845772 Wilkinson Charles 2010 The People Are Dancing Again Seattle WA University of Washington Press p 85 ISBN 978 0 295 80201 5 Wilkinson Charles 2010 The People Are Dancing Again Seattle WA University of Washington Press p 127 ISBN 978 0 295 80201 5 Research Ethnohistory Lewis LLC David G PhD 2017 10 19 The Takelma Tribe s Stories QUARTUX Retrieved 2022 03 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tecumtum amp oldid 1163899900, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
