He was the son of King Shabaka and the nephew of his predecessor Taharqa.[3] In some sources he is said to be the son of Shebitku.[4] Assyrian records call Tantamani a son of Shabaka and refer to his mother, Qalhata, as a sister of Taharqa. Some Egyptologists interpreted the Assyrian text as stating that Tantamani was a son of Shebitku, but it is now more common to consider Tantamani a son of Shabaka.[5]
Portrait of Tantamani, Sudan National Museum.Ashurbanipal's account of his Second Sampaign in Egypt against Tantamani ("Urdamanee"/ "Ruddamon"), in the Rassam cylinder
Soon after the Assyrians had appointed Necho I as king and left, Tantamani invaded Egypt in hopes of restoring his family to the throne. Tantamani marched down the Nile from Nubia and reoccupied all of Egypt, including Memphis. Necho I, and the Assyrians' representative were killed in Tantamani's campaign.
This led to a renewed conflict with Ashurbanipal in 663 BCE. The Assyrians led by Ashurbanipal returned to Egypt in force. Together with Psamtik I's army, which included Carian mercenaries, they fought a pitched battle in north Memphis, close to the temple of Isis, between the Serapeum and Abusir. Tantamani was defeated and fled to Upper Egypt. Forty days after the battle, Ashurbanipal's army arrived in Thebes. Tantamani had already left the city for Kipkipi, a location that remains uncertain but might be Kom Ombo, some 200 km (120 mi) south of Thebes.[6]: 265 The city of Thebes was conquered, "smashed (as if by) a floodstorm" and heavily plundered in the Sack of Thebes.[7] The event is not mentioned in Egyptian sources, but is known from the Assyrian annals,[8] which report that the inhabitants were deported. The Assyrians took a large booty of gold, silver, precious stones, clothes, horses, fantastic animals, as well as two obelisks covered in electrum weighing 2.500 talents (c. 75.5 tons, or 166,500 lb):[7]
Capture of Memphis by the Assyrians in 663 BCE.
This city, the whole of it, I conquered it with the help of Ashur and Ishtar. Silver, gold, precious stones, all the wealth of the palace, rich cloth, precious linen, great horses, supervising men and women, two obelisks of splendid electrum, weighing 2,500 talents, the doors of temples I tore from their bases and carried them off to Assyria. With this weighty booty I left Thebes. Against Egypt and Kush I have lifted my spear and shown my power. With full hands I have returned to Nineveh, in good health.
The sack of Thebes was a momentous event that reverberated throughout the Ancient Near East. It is mentioned in the Book of Nahum chapter 3:8-10:
Art thou better than populous No, that was situate among the rivers, that had the waters round about it, whose rampart was the sea, and her wall was from the sea? Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers. Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets: and they cast lots for her honourable men, and all her great men were bound in chains
Just as my servant Isaiah has gone stripped and barefoot for three years, as a sign and portent against Egypt and Cush, so the king of Assyria will lead away stripped and barefoot the Egyptian captives and Cushite exiles, young and old, with buttocks bared—to Egypt's shame. Those who trusted in Cush and boasted in Egypt will be dismayed and put to shame.
The Assyrian reconquest effectively ended Nubian control over Egypt, although Tantamani's authority was still recognised in Upper Egypt until his 8th Year in 656 BCE, when Psamtik I's navy peacefully took control of Thebes and effectively unified all of Egypt. These events marked the start of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt.
Later ruleedit
Thereafter, Tantamani ruled only Nubia (Kush). He died in 653 BC and was succeeded by Atlanersa, a son of Taharqa. He was buried in the family cemetery at El-Kurru. The archaeologist Charles Bonnet discovered the statue of Tantamani at Kerma (now called Doukki Gel) in 2003.[11]
Tomb in El-Kurruedit
The tomb of Tantamani was located below a pyramid, now disappeared, at the site of El-Kurru. Only the entrance and the chambers remain, which are beautifully decorated with mural paintings.
^"URdammaniʾ [TANUTAMON, PHARAOH OF EGYPT] (RN)". Oracc: The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus.
^Clayton, Peter A. (1994). Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 190. ISBN0-500-05074-0.
^Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004). The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. ISBN0-500-05128-3.
^Dunham, Dows; Macadam, M. F. Laming (1949). "Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata". Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 35: 139–149. doi:10.1177/030751334903500124. S2CID 192423817.
^Morkot, R. G. (2000). The Black Pharaohs: Egypt's Nubian Rulers. The Rubicon Press. ISBN0-948695-23-4.
^Kahn, Dan'el (2006). "The Assyrian Invasions of Egypt (673-663 B.C.) and the Final Expulsion of the Kushites". Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur. 34: 251–267. JSTOR 25157757.
^Robert G. Morkot: The Black Pharaohs, Egypt's Nubian Rulers, London ISBN0948695234, p. 296
^Ashurbanipal (auto) biography cylinder, c. 668 BCE; in James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement (Princeton UP, 1950/1969/2014), 294-95. ISBN9781400882762. Translated earlier in John Pentland Mahaffy et al., eds., A History of Egypt, vol. 3 (London: Scribner, 1905), 307. Google Books partial-view: books.google.com/books?id=04VUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA307; and E. A. Wallis Budge, A History of Ethiopia: Volume I, Nubia and Abyssinia (London: Taylor & Francis, 1928/2014), 38. ISBN9781317649151
tantamani, ancient, egyptian, tnwt, assyrian, tanṭammanē, ancient, greek, Τεμένθης, teménthēs, also, known, tanutamun, tanwetamani, ruler, kingdom, kush, located, northern, sudan, last, pharaoh, twenty, fifth, dynasty, egypt, prenomen, royal, name, bakare, whi. Tantamani Ancient Egyptian tnwt jmn Neo Assyrian tanṭammane Ancient Greek Temen8hs Tementhes 1 also known as Tanutamun or Tanwetamani d 653 BC was ruler of the Kingdom of Kush located in Northern Sudan and the last pharaoh of the Twenty fifth Dynasty of Egypt His prenomen or royal name was Bakare which means Glorious is the Soul of Re 2 TantamaniKushite King of NapataStatue of Kushite ruler and last pharaoh of the 25th Dynasty Tantamani Louvre Museum reconstruction through color pigment analysis PredecessorTaharqaSuccessorAtlanersaBurialEl Kurru K 16 SpousePiankharty salka possibly Malaqaye IssuePossibly Atlanersa Queen Yeturow Queen KhalisetNamesTantamaniFatherShabaka or Shebitku MotherQueen Qalhata Contents 1 Filiation 2 Conflict with Ashurbanipal of Assyria 3 Later rule 4 Tomb in El Kurru 5 Artifacts 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingFiliation editSee also Twenty fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree He was the son of King Shabaka and the nephew of his predecessor Taharqa 3 In some sources he is said to be the son of Shebitku 4 Assyrian records call Tantamani a son of Shabaka and refer to his mother Qalhata as a sister of Taharqa Some Egyptologists interpreted the Assyrian text as stating that Tantamani was a son of Shebitku but it is now more common to consider Tantamani a son of Shabaka 5 Conflict with Ashurbanipal of Assyria editMain article Assyrian conquest of Egypt nbsp Portrait of Tantamani Sudan National Museum nbsp Ashurbanipal s account of his Second Sampaign in Egypt against Tantamani Urdamanee Ruddamon in the Rassam cylinder nbsp nbsp nomen or birth namet n w t ỉmn Tenutamun in hieroglyphsSoon after the Assyrians had appointed Necho I as king and left Tantamani invaded Egypt in hopes of restoring his family to the throne Tantamani marched down the Nile from Nubia and reoccupied all of Egypt including Memphis Necho I and the Assyrians representative were killed in Tantamani s campaign This led to a renewed conflict with Ashurbanipal in 663 BCE The Assyrians led by Ashurbanipal returned to Egypt in force Together with Psamtik I s army which included Carian mercenaries they fought a pitched battle in north Memphis close to the temple of Isis between the Serapeum and Abusir Tantamani was defeated and fled to Upper Egypt Forty days after the battle Ashurbanipal s army arrived in Thebes Tantamani had already left the city for Kipkipi a location that remains uncertain but might be Kom Ombo some 200 km 120 mi south of Thebes 6 265 The city of Thebes was conquered smashed as if by a floodstorm and heavily plundered in the Sack of Thebes 7 The event is not mentioned in Egyptian sources but is known from the Assyrian annals 8 which report that the inhabitants were deported The Assyrians took a large booty of gold silver precious stones clothes horses fantastic animals as well as two obelisks covered in electrum weighing 2 500 talents c 75 5 tons or 166 500 lb 7 nbsp Capture of Memphis by the Assyrians in 663 BCE This city the whole of it I conquered it with the help of Ashur and Ishtar Silver gold precious stones all the wealth of the palace rich cloth precious linen great horses supervising men and women two obelisks of splendid electrum weighing 2 500 talents the doors of temples I tore from their bases and carried them off to Assyria With this weighty booty I left Thebes Against Egypt and Kush I have lifted my spear and shown my power With full hands I have returned to Nineveh in good health Rassam cylinder of Ashurbanipal 9 The sack of Thebes was a momentous event that reverberated throughout the Ancient Near East It is mentioned in the Book of Nahum chapter 3 8 10 Art thou better than populous No that was situate among the rivers that had the waters round about it whose rampart was the sea and her wall was from the sea Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength and it was infinite Put and Lubim were thy helpers Yet was she carried away she went into captivity her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets and they cast lots for her honourable men and all her great men were bound in chains A prophecy in the Book of Isaiah 10 refers to the sack as well Just as my servant Isaiah has gone stripped and barefoot for three years as a sign and portent against Egypt and Cush so the king of Assyria will lead away stripped and barefoot the Egyptian captives and Cushite exiles young and old with buttocks bared to Egypt s shame Those who trusted in Cush and boasted in Egypt will be dismayed and put to shame The Assyrian reconquest effectively ended Nubian control over Egypt although Tantamani s authority was still recognised in Upper Egypt until his 8th Year in 656 BCE when Psamtik I s navy peacefully took control of Thebes and effectively unified all of Egypt These events marked the start of the Twenty sixth Dynasty of Egypt Later rule editThereafter Tantamani ruled only Nubia Kush He died in 653 BC and was succeeded by Atlanersa a son of Taharqa He was buried in the family cemetery at El Kurru The archaeologist Charles Bonnet discovered the statue of Tantamani at Kerma now called Doukki Gel in 2003 11 Tomb in El Kurru editThe tomb of Tantamani was located below a pyramid now disappeared at the site of El Kurru Only the entrance and the chambers remain which are beautifully decorated with mural paintings nbsp Exterior of the Nubian tomb of Tantamani 12 nbsp Portrait of Tantamani in his tomb in El Kurru nbsp Tomb of the pyramide of Tantamani at the site of El Kurru nbsp Burial Chamber of Tantamani nbsp Tomb of Tantamani nbsp Burial Chamber of Tantamani nbsp Tomb of TantamaniArtifacts edit nbsp King Tantamani National Museum of Sudan nbsp Statue of Tantamani Kerma Museum nbsp Yet another statue of Tantamani Kerma Museum nbsp Tanotamun portrait in Kerma Museum nbsp Tantamani in profile Kerma Museum nbsp Tantamani statue Toledo Museum of Art nbsp Painting of Tantamani in Thebes nbsp Statuette of god Amon dedicated by Tantamani nbsp Head of Amon Ram dedicated by Tantamani Musee du Louvre nbsp Stele of the Dream by Tantamani Jebel Barkal Sudan nbsp Stele of the Dream Tantamani making offerings to Egyptian Gods nbsp Prenomen and Nomen of TantamaniSee also editList of monarchs of KushReferences edit URdammaniʾ TANUTAMON PHARAOH OF EGYPT RN Oracc The Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus Clayton Peter A 1994 Chronicle of the Pharaohs The Reign by Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt London Thames and Hudson p 190 ISBN 0 500 05074 0 Dodson Aidan Hilton Dyan 2004 The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt Thames amp Hudson ISBN 0 500 05128 3 Dunham Dows Macadam M F Laming 1949 Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 35 139 149 doi 10 1177 030751334903500124 S2CID 192423817 Morkot R G 2000 The Black Pharaohs Egypt s Nubian Rulers The Rubicon Press ISBN 0 948695 23 4 Kahn Dan el 2006 The Assyrian Invasions of Egypt 673 663 B C and the Final Expulsion of the Kushites Studien zur Altagyptischen Kultur 34 251 267 JSTOR 25157757 a b Kahn 2006 p 265 Robert G Morkot The Black Pharaohs Egypt s Nubian Rulers London ISBN 0948695234 p 296 Ashurbanipal auto biography cylinder c 668 BCE in James B Pritchard ed Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement Princeton UP 1950 1969 2014 294 95 ISBN 9781400882762 Translated earlier in John Pentland Mahaffy et al eds A History of Egypt vol 3 London Scribner 1905 307 Google Books partial view books google com books id 04VUAAAAYAAJ amp pg PA307 and E A Wallis Budge A History of Ethiopia Volume I Nubia and Abyssinia London Taylor amp Francis 1928 2014 38 ISBN 9781317649151 20 3 5 Digging into Africa s past Archived from the original on November 11 2007 Sudan National Museum sudannationalmuseum com Further reading editMorkot Robert 2000 The Black Pharaohs Egypt s Nubian Rulers The Rubicon Press ISBN 0 948695 23 4 Regnal titlesPreceded byTaharqa Pharaoh of Egypt664 656 BC Succeeded byPsamtik IKing of Kush664 653 BC Succeeded byAtlanersa Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tantamani amp oldid 1177825156, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
