TGF-β3 is believed to regulate molecules involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation during the process of palate development. Without TGF-β3, mammals develop a deformity known as a cleft palate.[8][9] This is caused by failure of epithelial cells in both sides of the developing palate to fuse. TGF-β3 also plays an essential role in controlling the development of lungs in mammals, by also regulating cell adhesion and ECM formation in this tissue,[10] and controls wound healing by regulating the movements of epidermal and dermal cells in injured skin.[5]
After successful phase I/II trials,[15] human recombinant TGF-β3 (Avotermin, planned trade name Juvista) failed in Phase III trials.[16]
Referencesedit
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000119699 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021253 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ abBandyopadhyay B, Fan J, Guan S, Li Y, Chen M, Woodley DT, Li W (Mar 2006). "A "traffic control" role for TGFbeta3: orchestrating dermal and epidermal cell motility during wound healing". The Journal of Cell Biology. 172 (7): 1093–105. doi:10.1083/jcb.200507111. PMC2063766. PMID 16549496.
^Herpin A, Lelong C, Favrel P (May 2004). "Transforming growth factor-beta-related proteins: an ancestral and widespread superfamily of cytokines in metazoans". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 28 (5): 461–85. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.007. PMID 15062644.
^Taya Y, O'Kane S, Ferguson MW (Sep 1999). "Pathogenesis of cleft palate in TGF-beta3 knockout mice". Development. 126 (17): 3869–79. doi:10.1242/dev.126.17.3869. PMID 10433915.
^Dudas M, Nagy A, Laping NJ, Moustakas A, Kaartinen V (Feb 2004). "Tgf-beta3-induced palatal fusion is mediated by Alk-5/Smad pathway". Developmental Biology. 266 (1): 96–108. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.10.007. PMID 14729481.
^Kaartinen V, Voncken JW, Shuler C, Warburton D, Bu D, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J (Dec 1995). "Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF-beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction". Nature Genetics. 11 (4): 415–21. doi:10.1038/ng1295-415. PMID 7493022. S2CID 22365206.
^De Crescenzo G, Pham PL, Durocher Y, O'Connor-McCourt MD (May 2003). "Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding to the extracellular domain of the type II TGF-beta receptor: receptor capture on a biosensor surface using a new coiled-coil capture system demonstrates that avidity contributes significantly to high affinity binding". Journal of Molecular Biology. 328 (5): 1173–83. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00360-7. PMID 12729750.
^Hart PJ, Deep S, Taylor AB, Shu Z, Hinck CS, Hinck AP (Mar 2002). "Crystal structure of the human TbetaR2 ectodomain--TGF-beta3 complex". Nature Structural Biology. 9 (3): 203–8. doi:10.1038/nsb766. PMID 11850637. S2CID 13322593.
^Barbara NP, Wrana JL, Letarte M (Jan 1999). "Endoglin is an accessory protein that interacts with the signaling receptor complex of multiple members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (2): 584–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.2.584. PMID 9872992.
^Rotzer D, Roth M, Lutz M, Lindemann D, Sebald W, Knaus P (Feb 2001). "Type III TGF-beta receptor-independent signalling of TGF-beta2 via TbetaRII-B, an alternatively spliced TGF-beta type II receptor". The EMBO Journal. 20 (3): 480–90. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.3.480. PMC133482. PMID 11157754.
^Ferguson MW, Duncan J, Bond J, Bush J, Durani P, So K, Taylor L, Chantrey J, Mason T, James G, Laverty H, Occleston NL, Sattar A, Ludlow A, O'Kane S (Apr 2009). "Prophylactic administration of avotermin for improvement of skin scarring: three double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I/II studies". Lancet. 373 (9671): 1264–74. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60322-6. PMID 19362676. S2CID 35671002.
^Renovo shares plummet 75% as scar revision product Juvista fails to meet study endpoints, 14 February 2011
Further readingedit
Kalluri R, Neilson EG (Dec 2003). "Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 112 (12): 1776–84. doi:10.1172/JCI20530. PMC297008. PMID 14679171.
Arrick BA, Lee AL, Grendell RL, Derynck R (Sep 1991). "Inhibition of translation of transforming growth factor-beta 3 mRNA by its 5' untranslated region". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 11 (9): 4306–13. doi:10.1128/mcb.11.9.4306. PMC361291. PMID 1875922.
ten Dijke P, Hansen P, Iwata KK, Pieler C, Foulkes JG (Jul 1988). "Identification of another member of the transforming growth factor type beta gene family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 85 (13): 4715–9. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.4715T. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.13.4715. PMC280506. PMID 3164476.
Derynck R, Lindquist PB, Lee A, Wen D, Tamm J, Graycar JL, Rhee L, Mason AJ, Miller DA, Coffey RJ (Dec 1988). "A new type of transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-beta 3". The EMBO Journal. 7 (12): 3737–43. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03257.x. PMC454948. PMID 3208746.
Barton DE, Foellmer BE, Du J, Tamm J, Derynck R, Francke U (1989). "Chromosomal mapping of genes for transforming growth factors beta 2 and beta 3 in man and mouse: dispersion of TGF-beta gene family". Oncogene Research. 3 (4): 323–31. PMID 3226728.
Kaartinen V, Voncken JW, Shuler C, Warburton D, Bu D, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J (Dec 1995). "Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF-beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction". Nature Genetics. 11 (4): 415–21. doi:10.1038/ng1295-415. PMID 7493022. S2CID 22365206.
Nishida K, Sotozono C, Adachi W, Yamamoto S, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S (Mar 1995). "Transforming growth factor-beta 1, -beta 2 and -beta 3 mRNA expression in human cornea". Current Eye Research. 14 (3): 235–41. doi:10.3109/02713689509033520. PMID 7796607.
Lin HY, Moustakas A, Knaus P, Wells RG, Henis YI, Lodish HF (Feb 1995). "The soluble exoplasmic domain of the type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor. A heterogeneously glycosylated protein with high affinity and selectivity for TGF-beta ligands". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (6): 2747–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.6.2747. PMID 7852346.
Rampazzo A, Nava A, Danieli GA, Buja G, Daliento L, Fasoli G, Scognamiglio R, Corrado D, Thiene G (Jun 1994). "The gene for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy maps to chromosome 14q23-q24". Human Molecular Genetics. 3 (6): 959–62. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.6.959. PMID 7951245.
Zhao Y, Chegini N, Flanders KC (Oct 1994). "Human fallopian tube expresses transforming growth factor (TGF beta) isoforms, TGF beta type I-III receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein, and contains [125I]TGF beta-binding sites". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 79 (4): 1177–84. doi:10.1210/jcem.79.4.7962292. PMID 7962292.
Hildebrand A, Romarís M, Rasmussen LM, Heinegård D, Twardzik DR, Border WA, Ruoslahti E (Sep 1994). "Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta". The Biochemical Journal. 302 (2): 527–34. doi:10.1042/bj3020527. PMC1137259. PMID 8093006.
López-Casillas F, Payne HM, Andres JL, Massagué J (Feb 1994). "Betaglycan can act as a dual modulator of TGF-beta access to signaling receptors: mapping of ligand binding and GAG attachment sites". The Journal of Cell Biology. 124 (4): 557–68. doi:10.1083/jcb.124.4.557. PMC2119924. PMID 8106553.
Mittl PR, Priestle JP, Cox DA, McMaster G, Cerletti N, Grütter MG (Jul 1996). "The crystal structure of TGF-beta 3 and comparison to TGF-beta 2: implications for receptor binding". Protein Science. 5 (7): 1261–71. doi:10.1002/pro.5560050705. PMC2143453. PMID 8819159.
Ambros RA, Kallakury BV, Malfetano JH, Mihm MC (Oct 1996). "Cytokine, cell adhesion receptor, and tumor suppressor gene expression in vulvar squamous carcinoma: correlation with prominent fibromyxoid stromal response". International Journal of Gynecological Pathology. 15 (4): 320–5. doi:10.1097/00004347-199610000-00004. PMID 8886879.
Djonov V, Ball RK, Graf S, Mottaz AE, Arnold AM, Flanders K, Studer UE, Merz VW (May 1997). "Transforming growth factor-beta 3 is expressed in nondividing basal epithelial cells in normal human prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and is no longer detectable in prostate carcinoma". The Prostate. 31 (2): 103–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(19970501)31:2<103::AID-PROS5>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 9140123. S2CID 22734222.
Jin L, Qian X, Kulig E, Sanno N, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Young WF, Lloyd RV (Aug 1997). "Transforming growth factor-beta, transforming growth factor-beta receptor II, and p27Kip1 expression in nontumorous and neoplastic human pituitaries". The American Journal of Pathology. 151 (2): 509–19. PMC1858020. PMID 9250163.
Lidral AC, Romitti PA, Basart AM, Doetschman T, Leysens NJ, Daack-Hirsch S, Semina EV, Johnson LR, Machida J, Burds A, Parnell TJ, Rubenstein JL, Murray JC (Aug 1998). "Association of MSX1 and TGFB3 with nonsyndromic clefting in humans". American Journal of Human Genetics. 63 (2): 557–68. doi:10.1086/301956. PMC1377298. PMID 9683588.
Barbara NP, Wrana JL, Letarte M (Jan 1999). "Endoglin is an accessory protein that interacts with the signaling receptor complex of multiple members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (2): 584–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.2.584. PMID 9872992.
Lux A, Attisano L, Marchuk DA (Apr 1999). "Assignment of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and a third new ligand to the type I receptor ALK-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (15): 9984–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.15.9984. PMID 10187774.
Mori T, Kawara S, Shinozaki M, Hayashi N, Kakinuma T, Igarashi A, Takigawa M, Nakanishi T, Takehara K (Oct 1999). "Role and interaction of connective tissue growth factor with transforming growth factor-beta in persistent fibrosis: A mouse fibrosis model". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 181 (1): 153–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199910)181:1<153::AID-JCP16>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 10457363. S2CID 21284888.
External linksedit
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy, Autosomal Dominant
OMIM entries on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy, Autosomal Dominant
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P10600 (Transforming growth factor beta-3) at the PDBe-KB.
January 01, 1970
transforming, growth, factor, beta, transforming, growth, factor, beta, protein, that, humans, encoded, tgfb3, gene, tgfb3available, structurespdbortholog, search, pdbe, rcsblist, codes1ktz, 1tgj, 1tgk, 2pjy, 3eo1, 4um9identifiersaliasestgfb3, arvd, arvd1, rnh. Transforming growth factor beta 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFB3 gene 5 6 TGFB3Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes1KTZ 1TGJ 1TGK 2PJY 3EO1 4UM9IdentifiersAliasesTGFB3 ARVD ARVD1 RNHF TGF beta3 Transforming growth factor beta 3 LDS5 transforming growth factor beta 3 TGF beta 3External IDsOMIM 190230 MGI 98727 HomoloGene 2433 GeneCards TGFB3Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 14 human 1 Band14q24 3Start75 958 097 bp 1 End75 983 011 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 12 mouse 2 Band12 D2 12 40 09 cMStart86 103 519 bp 2 End86 125 815 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed insaphenous veincanal of the cervixgallbladderprostatesmooth muscle tissuebody of pancreasperiodontal fiberascending aortavena cavagastrocnemius muscleTop expressed inexternal carotid arterymolaraortic valveinternal carotid arteryascending aortaanklebelly cordankle jointcalvariabody of femurMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functiontype III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding cytokine activity type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding protein binding protein heterodimerization activity transforming growth factor beta receptor binding growth factor activity transforming growth factor beta binding type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding identical protein bindingCellular componentcytoplasm extracellular matrix T tubule plasma membrane secretory granule cell surface neuronal cell body platelet alpha granule lumen nucleus extracellular region extracellular space intracellular membrane bounded organelle collagen containing extracellular matrixBiological processregulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process cell cell junction organization regulation of MAPK cascade SMAD protein signal transduction positive regulation of bone mineralization embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis response to progesterone female pregnancy response to laminar fluid shear stress human ageing platelet degranulation in utero embryonic development negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway wound healing salivary gland morphogenesis mammary gland development odontogenesis response to estrogen positive regulation of protein secretion ossification involved in bone remodeling uterine wall breakdown frontal suture morphogenesis inner ear development negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production lung alveolus development digestive tract development transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of filopodium assembly positive regulation of cell division face morphogenesis detection of hypoxia positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction positive regulation of tight junction disassembly positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition positive regulation of stress fiber assembly regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation positive regulation of apoptotic process response to hypoxia positive regulation of pathway restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation positive regulation of transcription DNA templated negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation BMP signaling pathway cell development regulation of signaling receptor activity positive regulation of cell population proliferation negative regulation of cell population proliferation secondary palate development regulation of cell population proliferationSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez704321809EnsemblENSG00000119699ENSMUSG00000021253UniProtP10600P17125RefSeq mRNA NM 003239NM 001329938NM 001329939NM 009368RefSeq protein NP 001316867NP 001316868NP 003230n aLocation UCSC Chr 14 75 96 75 98 MbChr 12 86 1 86 13 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse It is a type of protein known as a cytokine which is involved in cell differentiation embryogenesis and development It belongs to a large family of cytokines called the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily which includes the TGF b family Bone morphogenetic proteins BMPs growth and differentiation factors GDFs inhibins and activins 7 TGF b3 is believed to regulate molecules involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix ECM formation during the process of palate development Without TGF b3 mammals develop a deformity known as a cleft palate 8 9 This is caused by failure of epithelial cells in both sides of the developing palate to fuse TGF b3 also plays an essential role in controlling the development of lungs in mammals by also regulating cell adhesion and ECM formation in this tissue 10 and controls wound healing by regulating the movements of epidermal and dermal cells in injured skin 5 Contents 1 Interactions 2 Clinical research 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksInteractions editTransforming growth factor beta 3 has been shown to interact with TGF beta receptor 2 11 12 13 14 Clinical research editAfter successful phase I II trials 15 human recombinant TGF b3 Avotermin planned trade name Juvista failed in Phase III trials 16 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000119699 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000021253 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine a b Bandyopadhyay B Fan J Guan S Li Y Chen M Woodley DT Li W Mar 2006 A traffic control role for TGFbeta3 orchestrating dermal and epidermal cell motility during wound healing The Journal of Cell Biology 172 7 1093 105 doi 10 1083 jcb 200507111 PMC 2063766 PMID 16549496 Entrez Gene TGFB3 transforming growth factor beta 3 Herpin A Lelong C Favrel P May 2004 Transforming growth factor beta related proteins an ancestral and widespread superfamily of cytokines in metazoans Developmental and Comparative Immunology 28 5 461 85 doi 10 1016 j dci 2003 09 007 PMID 15062644 Taya Y O Kane S Ferguson MW Sep 1999 Pathogenesis of cleft palate in TGF beta3 knockout mice Development 126 17 3869 79 doi 10 1242 dev 126 17 3869 PMID 10433915 Dudas M Nagy A Laping NJ Moustakas A Kaartinen V Feb 2004 Tgf beta3 induced palatal fusion is mediated by Alk 5 Smad pathway Developmental Biology 266 1 96 108 doi 10 1016 j ydbio 2003 10 007 PMID 14729481 Kaartinen V Voncken JW Shuler C Warburton D Bu D Heisterkamp N Groffen J Dec 1995 Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial mesenchymal interaction Nature Genetics 11 4 415 21 doi 10 1038 ng1295 415 PMID 7493022 S2CID 22365206 De Crescenzo G Pham PL Durocher Y O Connor McCourt MD May 2003 Transforming growth factor beta TGF beta binding to the extracellular domain of the type II TGF beta receptor receptor capture on a biosensor surface using a new coiled coil capture system demonstrates that avidity contributes significantly to high affinity binding Journal of Molecular Biology 328 5 1173 83 doi 10 1016 S0022 2836 03 00360 7 PMID 12729750 Hart PJ Deep S Taylor AB Shu Z Hinck CS Hinck AP Mar 2002 Crystal structure of the human TbetaR2 ectodomain TGF beta3 complex Nature Structural Biology 9 3 203 8 doi 10 1038 nsb766 PMID 11850637 S2CID 13322593 Barbara NP Wrana JL Letarte M Jan 1999 Endoglin is an accessory protein that interacts with the signaling receptor complex of multiple members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 2 584 94 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 2 584 PMID 9872992 Rotzer D Roth M Lutz M Lindemann D Sebald W Knaus P Feb 2001 Type III TGF beta receptor independent signalling of TGF beta2 via TbetaRII B an alternatively spliced TGF beta type II receptor The EMBO Journal 20 3 480 90 doi 10 1093 emboj 20 3 480 PMC 133482 PMID 11157754 Ferguson MW Duncan J Bond J Bush J Durani P So K Taylor L Chantrey J Mason T James G Laverty H Occleston NL Sattar A Ludlow A O Kane S Apr 2009 Prophylactic administration of avotermin for improvement of skin scarring three double blind placebo controlled phase I II studies Lancet 373 9671 1264 74 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 09 60322 6 PMID 19362676 S2CID 35671002 Renovo shares plummet 75 as scar revision product Juvista fails to meet study endpoints 14 February 2011Further reading editKalluri R Neilson EG Dec 2003 Epithelial mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis The Journal of Clinical Investigation 112 12 1776 84 doi 10 1172 JCI20530 PMC 297008 PMID 14679171 Arrick BA Lee AL Grendell RL Derynck R Sep 1991 Inhibition of translation of transforming growth factor beta 3 mRNA by its 5 untranslated region Molecular and Cellular Biology 11 9 4306 13 doi 10 1128 mcb 11 9 4306 PMC 361291 PMID 1875922 ten Dijke P Hansen P Iwata KK Pieler C Foulkes JG Jul 1988 Identification of another member of the transforming growth factor type beta gene family Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85 13 4715 9 Bibcode 1988PNAS 85 4715T doi 10 1073 pnas 85 13 4715 PMC 280506 PMID 3164476 Derynck R Lindquist PB Lee A Wen D Tamm J Graycar JL Rhee L Mason AJ Miller DA Coffey RJ Dec 1988 A new type of transforming growth factor beta TGF beta 3 The EMBO Journal 7 12 3737 43 doi 10 1002 j 1460 2075 1988 tb03257 x PMC 454948 PMID 3208746 Barton DE Foellmer BE Du J Tamm J Derynck R Francke U 1989 Chromosomal mapping of genes for transforming growth factors beta 2 and beta 3 in man and mouse dispersion of TGF beta gene family Oncogene Research 3 4 323 31 PMID 3226728 Kaartinen V Voncken JW Shuler C Warburton D Bu D Heisterkamp N Groffen J Dec 1995 Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial mesenchymal interaction Nature Genetics 11 4 415 21 doi 10 1038 ng1295 415 PMID 7493022 S2CID 22365206 Nishida K Sotozono C Adachi W Yamamoto S Yokoi N Kinoshita S Mar 1995 Transforming growth factor beta 1 beta 2 and beta 3 mRNA expression in human cornea Current Eye Research 14 3 235 41 doi 10 3109 02713689509033520 PMID 7796607 Lin HY Moustakas A Knaus P Wells RG Henis YI Lodish HF Feb 1995 The soluble exoplasmic domain of the type II transforming growth factor TGF beta receptor A heterogeneously glycosylated protein with high affinity and selectivity for TGF beta ligands The Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 6 2747 54 doi 10 1074 jbc 270 6 2747 PMID 7852346 Rampazzo A Nava A Danieli GA Buja G Daliento L Fasoli G Scognamiglio R Corrado D Thiene G Jun 1994 The gene for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy maps to chromosome 14q23 q24 Human Molecular Genetics 3 6 959 62 doi 10 1093 hmg 3 6 959 PMID 7951245 Zhao Y Chegini N Flanders KC Oct 1994 Human fallopian tube expresses transforming growth factor TGF beta isoforms TGF beta type I III receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein and contains 125I TGF beta binding sites The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 79 4 1177 84 doi 10 1210 jcem 79 4 7962292 PMID 7962292 Hildebrand A Romaris M Rasmussen LM Heinegard D Twardzik DR Border WA Ruoslahti E Sep 1994 Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta The Biochemical Journal 302 2 527 34 doi 10 1042 bj3020527 PMC 1137259 PMID 8093006 Lopez Casillas F Payne HM Andres JL Massague J Feb 1994 Betaglycan can act as a dual modulator of TGF beta access to signaling receptors mapping of ligand binding and GAG attachment sites The Journal of Cell Biology 124 4 557 68 doi 10 1083 jcb 124 4 557 PMC 2119924 PMID 8106553 Mittl PR Priestle JP Cox DA McMaster G Cerletti N Grutter MG Jul 1996 The crystal structure of TGF beta 3 and comparison to TGF beta 2 implications for receptor binding Protein Science 5 7 1261 71 doi 10 1002 pro 5560050705 PMC 2143453 PMID 8819159 Ambros RA Kallakury BV Malfetano JH Mihm MC Oct 1996 Cytokine cell adhesion receptor and tumor suppressor gene expression in vulvar squamous carcinoma correlation with prominent fibromyxoid stromal response International Journal of Gynecological Pathology 15 4 320 5 doi 10 1097 00004347 199610000 00004 PMID 8886879 Djonov V Ball RK Graf S Mottaz AE Arnold AM Flanders K Studer UE Merz VW May 1997 Transforming growth factor beta 3 is expressed in nondividing basal epithelial cells in normal human prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia and is no longer detectable in prostate carcinoma The Prostate 31 2 103 9 doi 10 1002 SICI 1097 0045 19970501 31 2 lt 103 AID PROS5 gt 3 0 CO 2 O PMID 9140123 S2CID 22734222 Jin L Qian X Kulig E Sanno N Scheithauer BW Kovacs K Young WF Lloyd RV Aug 1997 Transforming growth factor beta transforming growth factor beta receptor II and p27Kip1 expression in nontumorous and neoplastic human pituitaries The American Journal of Pathology 151 2 509 19 PMC 1858020 PMID 9250163 Lidral AC Romitti PA Basart AM Doetschman T Leysens NJ Daack Hirsch S Semina EV Johnson LR Machida J Burds A Parnell TJ Rubenstein JL Murray JC Aug 1998 Association of MSX1 and TGFB3 with nonsyndromic clefting in humans American Journal of Human Genetics 63 2 557 68 doi 10 1086 301956 PMC 1377298 PMID 9683588 Barbara NP Wrana JL Letarte M Jan 1999 Endoglin is an accessory protein that interacts with the signaling receptor complex of multiple members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 2 584 94 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 2 584 PMID 9872992 Lux A Attisano L Marchuk DA Apr 1999 Assignment of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and a third new ligand to the type I receptor ALK 1 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 15 9984 92 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 15 9984 PMID 10187774 Mori T Kawara S Shinozaki M Hayashi N Kakinuma T Igarashi A Takigawa M Nakanishi T Takehara K Oct 1999 Role and interaction of connective tissue growth factor with transforming growth factor beta in persistent fibrosis A mouse fibrosis model Journal of Cellular Physiology 181 1 153 9 doi 10 1002 SICI 1097 4652 199910 181 1 lt 153 AID JCP16 gt 3 0 CO 2 K PMID 10457363 S2CID 21284888 External links editGeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia Cardiomyopathy Autosomal Dominant OMIM entries on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia Cardiomyopathy Autosomal Dominant Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt P10600 Transforming growth factor beta 3 at the PDBe KB Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Transforming growth factor beta 3 amp oldid 1171082254, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
