T42 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics (track and jump events only), applying to athletes with single above the knee amputations or a disability that is comparable. This class includes ISOD classified A2 and A9 competitors.
This classification is for disability athletics competing in track and jump events.[1] This classification is one of several classifications for athletes with ambulant related disabilities. Similar classifications are T43, T44, T45 and T46.[2] The International Paralympic Committee defined this class in 2011 as: "Single above knee amputees and athletes with other impairments that are comparable to a single above knee amputation. This includes athletes with loss of muscle power in the lower limbs consistent with Class F57 or F58 class."[3] The International Paralympic Committee defined the T42 to T44 classifications on their website in July 2016 as, "Lower limb affected by limb deficiency, leg length difference, impaired muscle power or impaired range of movement".[4]
Colour guide for understanding full body diagrams
Disability type for some T42 classified competitors
Type of amputation for an A2 classified sportsperson.
This class includes ISOD A2 classified athletes.[5][6] People in this class use a prosthetic limb when competing in athletics. It has four parts: a socket, a knee, a shank and a foot.[6] Above the knee amputees have difficulty using standard able-bodied splint actions because of the differences in their functional muscle mass. As a result, they often use a specialized sprinting technique called “Leg-Over-Leg”. This technique involves using hip extensions to avoid deceleration caused by the prosthetic leg hitting the ground.[6] Use of a specially made carbon fibre running prosthetic leg assists runners in this class in lowering their heart rate compared to using a prosthetic not designed for running.[7] Runners in this class can have lower metabolic costs compared to elite runners over middle and long distances.[7]
A study was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer Paralympics. It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between women in A1, A2 and A3 in the 100 meter race, men in A1, A2 and A3 in the 100 meter race, and men in A1, A2, A3 and A4 in the 400 meter race.[8]
Type of amputation for an A9 classified sportsperson.
Members of the ISOD A9 class compete in T42, T43, T44, F42, F43, F44, F56, F57, and F58.[5][6] The shank length of people in this class can differ dramatically, and is not uniform across the class.[9]
The nature of an A9 athlete's amputations can effect their physiology and sports performance.[6][10] Because they are missing a limb, amputees are more prone to overuse injuries in their remaining limbs. Common problems with intact upper limbs for people in this class include rotator cuffs tearing, shoulder impingement, epicondylitis and peripheral nerve entrapment.[10]
Performance and rules
In relay events involving T40s classes, no baton is used. Instead, a hand off takes place via touch in the exchange zone.[11] People in this class who are lower limb amputees are required to wear their leg prosthesis when they are on the track, and they must run. They cannot hop.[11]
People with arm amputations in this class can have elevated padded blocks to place their stumps on for the start of the race. These blocks need to be in a neutral color or a color similar to that of the track, and they must be placed entirely behind the starting line. Their location needs to be such that they do not interfere with the start of any other athlete.[11]
In throwing events, implement weights are as follows:
The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."[13]
Becoming classified
T42 competitor Scott Reardon turns around on the track at AIS
For this class, classification generally has four phases. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in competition and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class.[14] During the observation phase involving training or practice, all athletes in this class may be asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as running or jumping. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.[15]
^Buckley, Jane (2011). . Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
^"Summer Sports » Athletics". Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
^Tweedy, Sean (16 July 2010). (PDF). Queensland, Australia: International Paralympic Committee. p. 42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
^ abc. Queensland Sport. Queensland Sport. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
^ abcdef"Classification 101". Blaze Sports. Blaze Sports. June 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
^ abBroad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06). Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes. CRC Press. ISBN9781466507562.
^van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985). "The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes". Paraplegia. International Medical Society of Paraplegia. 23. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
^Nolan, Lee; Patritti, Benjamin L.; Stana, Laura; Tweedy, Sean M. (2011). "Is Increased Residual Shank Length a Competitive Advantage for Elite Transtibial Amputee Long Jumpers?" (PDF). Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 28.
^ abMiller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04). DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN9781455742219.
^ abc"PARALYMPIC TRACK & FIELD: Officials Training" (PDF). USOC. United States Olympic Committee. December 11, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
^(PDF). International Paralympic Committee. International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-18.
^"Paralympic Classification Today". International Paralympic Committee. 22 April 2010. p. 3. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
^Tweedy, Sean M.; Beckman, Emma M.; Connick, Mark J. (August 2014). "Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods, and Research Update". Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science. 6 (85). Retrieved July 25, 2016.
^"CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes" (PDF). Sydney Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2 July 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2011.[permanent dead link]
^Howe, David (2008-02-19). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens. Routledge. ISBN978-1134440825.
August 21, 2023
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T42 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics track and jump events only applying to athletes with single above the knee amputations or a disability that is comparable This class includes ISOD classified A2 and A9 competitors Contents 1 Definition 2 Disability groups 2 1 Amputees 2 1 1 Lower limb amputees 2 1 2 Upper and lower limb amputees 3 Performance and rules 4 Events 5 History 6 Becoming classified 7 Competitors 8 ReferencesDefinition EditThis classification is for disability athletics competing in track and jump events 1 This classification is one of several classifications for athletes with ambulant related disabilities Similar classifications are T43 T44 T45 and T46 2 The International Paralympic Committee defined this class in 2011 as Single above knee amputees and athletes with other impairments that are comparable to a single above knee amputation This includes athletes with loss of muscle power in the lower limbs consistent with Class F57 or F58 class 3 The International Paralympic Committee defined the T42 to T44 classifications on their website in July 2016 as Lower limb affected by limb deficiency leg length difference impaired muscle power or impaired range of movement 4 Colour guide for understanding full body diagrams Disability type for some T42 classified competitorsDisability groups EditAmputees Edit See also Amputee sports classificationPeople who are amputees compete in this class including ISOD A2 and A9 5 6 Lower limb amputees Edit See also A2 classification Type of amputation for an A2 classified sportsperson This class includes ISOD A2 classified athletes 5 6 People in this class use a prosthetic limb when competing in athletics It has four parts a socket a knee a shank and a foot 6 Above the knee amputees have difficulty using standard able bodied splint actions because of the differences in their functional muscle mass As a result they often use a specialized sprinting technique called Leg Over Leg This technique involves using hip extensions to avoid deceleration caused by the prosthetic leg hitting the ground 6 Use of a specially made carbon fibre running prosthetic leg assists runners in this class in lowering their heart rate compared to using a prosthetic not designed for running 7 Runners in this class can have lower metabolic costs compared to elite runners over middle and long distances 7 A study was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer Paralympics It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between women in A1 A2 and A3 in the 100 meter race men in A1 A2 and A3 in the 100 meter race and men in A1 A2 A3 and A4 in the 400 meter race 8 Upper and lower limb amputees Edit See also A9 classification Type of amputation for an A9 classified sportsperson Members of the ISOD A9 class compete in T42 T43 T44 F42 F43 F44 F56 F57 and F58 5 6 The shank length of people in this class can differ dramatically and is not uniform across the class 9 The nature of an A9 athlete s amputations can effect their physiology and sports performance 6 10 Because they are missing a limb amputees are more prone to overuse injuries in their remaining limbs Common problems with intact upper limbs for people in this class include rotator cuffs tearing shoulder impingement epicondylitis and peripheral nerve entrapment 10 Performance and rules EditIn relay events involving T40s classes no baton is used Instead a hand off takes place via touch in the exchange zone 11 People in this class who are lower limb amputees are required to wear their leg prosthesis when they are on the track and they must run They cannot hop 11 People with arm amputations in this class can have elevated padded blocks to place their stumps on for the start of the race These blocks need to be in a neutral color or a color similar to that of the track and they must be placed entirely behind the starting line Their location needs to be such that they do not interfere with the start of any other athlete 11 In throwing events implement weights are as follows Event Male FemaleShot put 6 00 kg 13 23 lb 4 00 kg 8 82 lb Discus throw 1 50 kg 3 3 lb 1 00 kg 2 20 lb Javelin throw 800 g 28 oz 600 g 21 oz Events EditThere are a number of different events open to people in this class internationally Many competitions have their own minimum qualifying standards Gender Event Class AQS MQS BQS EventMen s 100m T42 12 48 12 61 2016 Summer Paralympics 12 Women s 100m T42 16 23 17 62 2016 Summer ParalympicsMen s 200m T42 25 14 25 98 2016 Summer ParalympicsMen s high jump T42 1 78 1 73 2016 Summer ParalympicsMen s long jump T42 6 07 5 57 2016 Summer ParalympicsWomen s long jump T42 3 88 3 66 2016 Summer ParalympicsHistory EditThe classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address the overall objective to support and co ordinate the ongoing development of accurate reliable consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation 13 Becoming classified Edit source source source source source source source source source source source source source source T42 competitor Scott Reardon turns around on the track at AISFor this class classification generally has four phases The first stage of classification is a health examination For amputees in this class this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition The second stage is observation in practice the third stage is observation in competition and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class 14 During the observation phase involving training or practice all athletes in this class may be asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics such as running or jumping A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in Classifications may be Confirmed or Review status For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel Provisional classification is available this is a temporary Review classification considered an indication of class only and generally used only in lower levels of competition 15 Competitors EditNotable current competitors in this class include Kelly Cartwright Scott Reardon Heinrich Popow Earle Connor 16 Wojtek Czyz and Martina Caironi Double above knee amputees Vanessa Low and Richard Whitehead also compete in the T42 classification both achieved T42 world records and won T42 Paralympic Gold medals References Edit Sports portal Buckley Jane 2011 Understanding Classification A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports Archived from the original on 11 April 2011 Retrieved 12 November 2011 Summer Sports Athletics Australia Australian Paralympic Committee Retrieved 19 November 2011 Tweedy Sean 16 July 2010 Research Report IPC Athletics Classification Project for Physical Impairments PDF Queensland Australia International Paralympic Committee p 42 Archived from the original PDF on 14 May 2012 Retrieved 19 November 2011 IPC Athletics Classification amp Categories www paralympic org Retrieved 2016 07 22 a b c CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY Queensland Sport Queensland Sport Archived from the original on April 4 2015 Retrieved July 23 2016 a b c d e f Classification 101 Blaze Sports Blaze Sports June 2012 Retrieved July 24 2016 a b Broad Elizabeth 2014 02 06 Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes CRC Press ISBN 9781466507562 van Eijsden Besseling M D F 1985 The Non sense of the Present Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes Paraplegia International Medical Society of Paraplegia 23 Retrieved July 25 2016 Nolan Lee Patritti Benjamin L Stana Laura Tweedy Sean M 2011 Is Increased Residual Shank Length a Competitive Advantage for Elite Transtibial Amputee Long Jumpers PDF Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 28 a b Miller Mark D Thompson Stephen R 2014 04 04 DeLee amp Drez s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN 9781455742219 a b c PARALYMPIC TRACK amp FIELD Officials Training PDF USOC United States Olympic Committee December 11 2013 Retrieved August 6 2016 ATHLETICS RIO QUALIFICATION PDF International Paralympic Committee International Paralympic Committee Archived from the original PDF on 2016 08 18 Paralympic Classification Today International Paralympic Committee 22 April 2010 p 3 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty url help Tweedy Sean M Beckman Emma M Connick Mark J August 2014 Paralympic Classification Conceptual Basis Current Methods and Research Update Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science 6 85 Retrieved July 25 2016 CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes PDF Sydney Australia Australian Paralympic Committee 2 July 2010 Retrieved 19 November 2011 permanent dead link Howe David 2008 02 19 The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement Through an Anthropological Lens Routledge ISBN 978 1134440825 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title T42 classification amp oldid 1164756557, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
