Syntin is a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C10H16 used as a rocket fuel. It is a mixture of four stereoisomers (see below). It has a density of 0.851 g/mL, and a boiling point of 158 °C. Due to the presence of three strained cyclopropane rings, the molecule has a highly positive enthalpy of formation: ΔfH°(l)= 133 kJ/mol (980 kJ/kg, the average value for the isomeric mixture),[1] bringing additional energy into the combustion process. It has advantages over the traditional hydrocarbon fuels, such as RP-1, due to higher density, lower viscosity and higher specific heat of oxidation.
It was first synthesized in the USSR in 1959[1] and brought to mass production in the 1970s. It was prepared in a multi-step synthetic process from easily obtained acetylcyclopropane (the 3rd molecule):
Syntin synthesis 01
After dissolution of the USSR, the production of this fuel was halted due to the expense of the synthesis. On September 3, 1995, Soyuz TM-22, the seventy-first and last Soyuz-U2 rocket launched, being the last rocket fueled with Syntin.[3]
^ abA.P., Mesheheryakov; V.G., Glukhovtsev; A.D., Petrov (26 September 1959). СИНТЕЗ 1-МЕТИЛ-1,2-ДИЦИКЛОПРОПИЛЦИКЛОПРОПАНА ["Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1,2-Dicyclopropylcyclopropane"] (PDF) (in Russian). Institute of Organic Chemistry, UdSSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 779–781. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
^ЖРД РД-107 и РД-108 и их модификации [Liquid Rocket Engines RD-107/108 and their modifications]. www.lpre.de (in Russian). Retrieved 22 July 2022.
^ ab [The last battle of hydrocarbons?] (PDF). novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru. Volume 18, No 2. (in Russian). Novosti Kosmonavtiki. 2008. pp. 44–46. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2009.
LiteratureEdit
A. P. Mesheheryakov, V. G. Glukhovtsev, A. D. Petrov, “Synthesis of 1-methyl-1,2-dicyclopropylcyclopropane”, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1960, 130, 779-81.
Yu. P. Semenov, B. A. Sokolov, S. P. Chernykh, A. A. Grigor'ev, O. M. Nefedov, N. N. Istomin, G. M. Shirshov, “Multiple strained-ring alkane as high-performance liquid rocket fuel”, RU 2233385, C2 20040727.
T. Edwards, “Liquid Fuels and Propellants for Aerospace Propulsion: 1903-2003”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2003, 19(6), 1089-1107.
V. Azov, D. Vorontsov, "The last battle of hydrocarbons?", Novosti Kosmonavtiki, 2008, 18, No. 2 (301), 44-46.
October 21, 2023
syntin, hydrocarbon, with, molecular, formula, c10h16, used, rocket, fuel, mixture, four, stereoisomers, below, density, boiling, point, presence, three, strained, cyclopropane, rings, molecule, highly, positive, enthalpy, formation, Δfh, average, value, isome. Syntin is a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C10H16 used as a rocket fuel It is a mixture of four stereoisomers see below It has a density of 0 851 g mL and a boiling point of 158 C Due to the presence of three strained cyclopropane rings the molecule has a highly positive enthalpy of formation DfH l 133 kJ mol 980 kJ kg the average value for the isomeric mixture 1 bringing additional energy into the combustion process It has advantages over the traditional hydrocarbon fuels such as RP 1 due to higher density lower viscosity and higher specific heat of oxidation Syntin NamesPreferred IUPAC name 21 Methyl 11 21 22 31 tercyclopropaneOther names 1 Methyl 1 2 dicyclopropylcyclopropane Sintin Synthin Tsycklin TsiklinIdentifiersCAS Number 93223 46 2 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 452765 YPubChem CID 519050CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID90333879InChI InChI 1S C10H16 c1 10 8 4 5 8 6 9 10 7 2 3 7 h7 9H 2 6H2 1H3 NKey GTKAAVZEFUFXDD UHFFFAOYSA N NInChI 1 C10H16 c1 10 8 4 5 8 6 9 10 7 2 3 7 h7 9H 2 6H2 1H3Key GTKAAVZEFUFXDD UHFFFAOYARSMILES CC1 C2CC2 C C3CC3 C1PropertiesChemical formula C 10H 16Molar mass 136 238 g mol 1Density 0 851 g mLBoiling point 158 C 316 F 431 K Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Syntin was used in the Soviet Union and later Russia as fuel for the Soyuz U2 rocket from 1982 until 1995 2 3 It was first synthesized in the USSR in 1959 1 and brought to mass production in the 1970s It was prepared in a multi step synthetic process from easily obtained acetylcyclopropane the 3rd molecule Syntin synthesis 01After dissolution of the USSR the production of this fuel was halted due to the expense of the synthesis On September 3 1995 Soyuz TM 22 the seventy first and last Soyuz U2 rocket launched being the last rocket fueled with Syntin 3 Contents 1 Stereoisomers 2 See also 3 References 4 LiteratureStereoisomers EditSyntin has two stereocenters at the central cyclopropane ring Thus four stereoisomers exist nbsp Four Syntin StereoisomersIn practice syntin is used as a racemic mixture a mixture where all stereoisomers are present in equal amounts See also EditDicyclopentadieneReferences Edit a b A P Mesheheryakov V G Glukhovtsev A D Petrov 26 September 1959 SINTEZ 1 METIL 1 2 DICIKLOPROPILCIKLOPROPANA Synthesis of 1 Methyl 1 2 Dicyclopropylcyclopropane PDF in Russian Institute of Organic Chemistry UdSSR Academy of Sciences pp 779 781 Retrieved 22 July 2022 ZhRD RD 107 i RD 108 i ih modifikacii Liquid Rocket Engines RD 107 108 and their modifications www lpre de in Russian Retrieved 22 July 2022 a b Poslednij boj uglevodorodov The last battle of hydrocarbons PDF novosti kosmonavtiki ru Volume 18 No 2 in Russian Novosti Kosmonavtiki 2008 pp 44 46 Archived from the original PDF on 20 September 2009 Literature EditA P Mesheheryakov V G Glukhovtsev A D Petrov Synthesis of 1 methyl 1 2 dicyclopropylcyclopropane Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 1960 130 779 81 Yu P Semenov B A Sokolov S P Chernykh A A Grigor ev O M Nefedov N N Istomin G M Shirshov Multiple strained ring alkane as high performance liquid rocket fuel RU 2233385 C2 20040727 T Edwards Liquid Fuels and Propellants for Aerospace Propulsion 1903 2003 Journal of Propulsion and Power 2003 19 6 1089 1107 V Azov D Vorontsov The last battle of hydrocarbons Novosti Kosmonavtiki 2008 18 No 2 301 44 46 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Syntin amp oldid 1173740371, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
