There was significant emigration of Swiss people to the Russian Empire from the late 17th to the late 19th century. Rauber (1985) estimates that a number of 50,000 to 60,000 Swiss lived in Russia between roughly 1700 and 1917.
The late 18th and early 19th century saw a flow of Swiss farmers forming colonies such as Şaba (Bessarabia, at the Dniester Liman, now part of Ukraine), besides specialists of various professions, working as winemakers, cheesemakers, merchants, officers or governesses. The Russian-Swiss generally prospered, partly merging with German diaspora populations. Early Swiss emigrants to Russia were not poor, but brought money with them, establishing themselves as specialist elites, choosing Russia as migration target because it offered greater opportunities for their trades than America. Only in the later 19th century, with Russian industrialization, saw significant migration of lower social classes.
The most famous Swiss to have lived in Russia are probably the mathematician Leonhard Euler and the military officer Franz Lefort, a close associate of Peter the Great. Lefortovo district in modern Moscow still bears his name. Other notable Russian-Swiss include botanist Johannes Ammann, artist and architect Leonhard Christian Gottlieb Leonardowitsch Schaufelberger, entrepreneur Arnold Schaufelberger, politician Frederic Cesar de la Harpe and general Antoine Henri Jomini in the tsarist period and Fritz Platten and Jules Humbert-Droz in the Soviet period. In 1918, Platten saved Vladimir Lenin's life in St. Petersburg, and in 1923, a Russian-Swiss assassinated Bolshevik leader Vatslav Vorovskii in Lausanne.
The Swiss-Russian connection went both ways, and Switzerland was a destination for holidays, studies and exile for Bolsheviks and anti-Bolsheviks alike. Notably, Zürich played host to both Lenin and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and in the years predating the Revolution, up to a third of students at Swiss universities were citizens of Tsarist Russia.
Since 1978, the History Department at the University of Zürich under Carsten Goehrke has been assembling an archive of historical documents relating to Swiss emigrants in Russia (now accessible at the Swiss Social Archives, Zurich).[1] The archive collects records of some 5,600 individuals who had come to Switzerland following the collapse of the tsarist state claiming Swiss citizenship, estimated to correspond to about two thirds of the total number.
Since the 2000s, there is a renewed limited trend of Swiss farmers emigrating to Russia.[2] In 2006, there was a number of 676 Swiss citizens registered to permanently reside in Russia, or 100 more than in the preceding year.
Bühler Roman, Gander-Wolf Heidi, Goehrke Carsten, Rauber Urs, Tschudin Gisela, Voegeli Josef, "Schweizer im Zarenreich - Zur Geschichte der Auswanderung nach Russland", Zürich, Verlag Hans Rohr, 1985
Bühler Roman, "Auswanderung aus Graubünden in das russische Zarenreich", Zürich, Verlag Hans Rohr, 1988
Collmer Peter, "Die besten Jahre unseres Lebens. Russlandschweizerinnen und Russlandschweizer in Selbstzeugnissen, 1821—1999", Zürich: Chronos Verlag 2001, ISBN978-3-0340-0508-1
Collmer Peter, "Die Schweiz und das Russische Reich 1848–1919. Geschichte einer europäischen Verflechtung" (Die Schweiz und der Osten Europas 10), Zürich, Chronos Verlag 2004.
Goehrke Carsten (ed.): "Die Fremde als Heimat - Russlandschweizer erinnern sich", Zürich, Verlag Hans Rohr, 1988
Goehrke Carsten, Schweizer in Russland. Zur Geschichte einer Kontinentalwanderung, RSH 48, 1998, 289-290.
Lengen Markus, "Ein Strukturprofil der letzten Russlandschweizer-Generation am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges", Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte 48 (1998), 360-390
Maeder Eva, "Auswanderungsziel: Russland. Schweizer Alltag im Zarenreich und im Sowjetstaat", Der Landbote, 29.12.2001, p. 20
Mumenthaler Rudolf, "Das Russlandschweizer-Archiv. Entstehung und Aufbau", Carsten Goehrke (Hrsg.): 25 Jahre Osteuropa-Abteilung des Historischen Seminars der Universität Zürich 1971—1996. Zürich 1996, 37—45.
Mumenthaler Rudolf, "Schweizer im Nordwesten des Zarenreichs. In: Der Finnische Meerbusen als Brennpunkt. Wandern und Wirken deutschsprachiger Menschen im europäischen Nordosten", ed. Robert Schweitzer, Waltraud Bastman-Bühner. Helsinki 1998, 145-165
Rauber Urs, "Schweizer Industrie in Russland - Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der industriellen Emigration, des Kapitalexportes und des Handels der Schweiz mit dem Russischen Zarenreich", Zürich, Verlag Hans Rohr, 1985
Schneider Harry, "Schweizer Theologen im Zarenreich (1700-1917)", Auswanderung und russischer Alltag von Theologen und ihren Frauen, Zürich, Verlag Hans Rohr, 1994.
Tschudin Gisela, "Schweizer Käser in Russland", Zürich, Verlag Hans Rohr, 1988
Voegeli Josef, "Die Rückkehr der Russlandschweizer 1917-1945", Zürich, Verlag Hans Rohr, 1988
Jost Soom, Avancement et fortune: Schweizer und ihre Nachkommen als Offiziere, Diplomaten und Hofbeamte im Dienst des Zarenreiches, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Russlandschweizer, Hans Rohr (1996), ISBN978-3-85865-633-9
Alfred Erich Senn, Review of Bühler et al. (1985), Rauber (1985), Slavic Review (1986), p. 332f.
swiss, emigration, russia, there, significant, emigration, swiss, people, russian, empire, from, late, 17th, late, 19th, century, rauber, 1985, estimates, that, number, swiss, lived, russia, between, roughly, 1700, 1917, contents, overview, also, references, l. There was significant emigration of Swiss people to the Russian Empire from the late 17th to the late 19th century Rauber 1985 estimates that a number of 50 000 to 60 000 Swiss lived in Russia between roughly 1700 and 1917 Contents 1 Overview 2 See also 3 References 4 Literature 5 External linksOverview EditThe late 18th and early 19th century saw a flow of Swiss farmers forming colonies such as Saba Bessarabia at the Dniester Liman now part of Ukraine besides specialists of various professions working as winemakers cheesemakers merchants officers or governesses The Russian Swiss generally prospered partly merging with German diaspora populations Early Swiss emigrants to Russia were not poor but brought money with them establishing themselves as specialist elites choosing Russia as migration target because it offered greater opportunities for their trades than America Only in the later 19th century with Russian industrialization saw significant migration of lower social classes Most of these Swiss diaspora populations returned to Switzerland during the interwar period in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and especially as a result of the Dekulakization under Joseph Stalin during 1929 1931 The most famous Swiss to have lived in Russia are probably the mathematician Leonhard Euler and the military officer Franz Lefort a close associate of Peter the Great Lefortovo district in modern Moscow still bears his name Other notable Russian Swiss include botanist Johannes Ammann artist and architect Leonhard Christian Gottlieb Leonardowitsch Schaufelberger entrepreneur Arnold Schaufelberger politician Frederic Cesar de la Harpe and general Antoine Henri Jomini in the tsarist period and Fritz Platten and Jules Humbert Droz in the Soviet period In 1918 Platten saved Vladimir Lenin s life in St Petersburg and in 1923 a Russian Swiss assassinated Bolshevik leader Vatslav Vorovskii in Lausanne The Swiss Russian connection went both ways and Switzerland was a destination for holidays studies and exile for Bolsheviks and anti Bolsheviks alike Notably Zurich played host to both Lenin and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and in the years predating the Revolution up to a third of students at Swiss universities were citizens of Tsarist Russia Since 1978 the History Department at the University of Zurich under Carsten Goehrke has been assembling an archive of historical documents relating to Swiss emigrants in Russia now accessible at the Swiss Social Archives Zurich 1 The archive collects records of some 5 600 individuals who had come to Switzerland following the collapse of the tsarist state claiming Swiss citizenship estimated to correspond to about two thirds of the total number Since the 2000s there is a renewed limited trend of Swiss farmers emigrating to Russia 2 In 2006 there was a number of 676 Swiss citizens registered to permanently reside in Russia or 100 more than in the preceding year See also EditSwiss diaspora Swiss American Swiss people Beresinalied Foreign relations of Switzerland History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe Russia Switzerland relationsReferences Edit Russlandschweizer Archiv Schweizer Bauer 11 June 2004Literature EditBuhler Roman Gander Wolf Heidi Goehrke Carsten Rauber Urs Tschudin Gisela Voegeli Josef Schweizer im Zarenreich Zur Geschichte der Auswanderung nach Russland Zurich Verlag Hans Rohr 1985 Buhler Roman Auswanderung aus Graubunden in das russische Zarenreich Zurich Verlag Hans Rohr 1988 Collmer Peter Die besten Jahre unseres Lebens Russlandschweizerinnen und Russlandschweizer in Selbstzeugnissen 1821 1999 Zurich Chronos Verlag 2001 ISBN 978 3 0340 0508 1 Collmer Peter Die Schweiz und das Russische Reich 1848 1919 Geschichte einer europaischen Verflechtung Die Schweiz und der Osten Europas 10 Zurich Chronos Verlag 2004 Goehrke Carsten ed Die Fremde als Heimat Russlandschweizer erinnern sich Zurich Verlag Hans Rohr 1988 Goehrke Carsten Schweizer in Russland Zur Geschichte einer Kontinentalwanderung RSH 48 1998 289 290 Lengen Markus Ein Strukturprofil der letzten Russlandschweizer Generation am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Geschichte 48 1998 360 390 Maeder Eva Auswanderungsziel Russland Schweizer Alltag im Zarenreich und im Sowjetstaat Der Landbote 29 12 2001 p 20 Mumenthaler Rudolf Das Russlandschweizer Archiv Entstehung und Aufbau Carsten Goehrke Hrsg 25 Jahre Osteuropa Abteilung des Historischen Seminars der Universitat Zurich 1971 1996 Zurich 1996 37 45 Mumenthaler Rudolf Schweizer im Nordwesten des Zarenreichs In Der Finnische Meerbusen als Brennpunkt Wandern und Wirken deutschsprachiger Menschen im europaischen Nordosten ed Robert Schweitzer Waltraud Bastman Buhner Helsinki 1998 145 165 Rauber Urs Schweizer Industrie in Russland Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der industriellen Emigration des Kapitalexportes und des Handels der Schweiz mit dem Russischen Zarenreich Zurich Verlag Hans Rohr 1985 Schneider Harry Schweizer Theologen im Zarenreich 1700 1917 Auswanderung und russischer Alltag von Theologen und ihren Frauen Zurich Verlag Hans Rohr 1994 Tschudin Gisela Schweizer Kaser in Russland Zurich Verlag Hans Rohr 1988 Voegeli Josef Die Ruckkehr der Russlandschweizer 1917 1945 Zurich Verlag Hans Rohr 1988 Jost Soom Avancement et fortune Schweizer und ihre Nachkommen als Offiziere Diplomaten und Hofbeamte im Dienst des Zarenreiches Beitrage zur Geschichte der Russlandschweizer Hans Rohr 1996 ISBN 978 3 85865 633 9 Alfred Erich Senn Review of Buhler et al 1985 Rauber 1985 Slavic Review 1986 p 332f External links Edit in French Saba un avanpost europeen sur le Nistre by Ioan Papa Portals Russia Switzerland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Swiss emigration to Russia amp oldid 1128402960, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
