Supergun affair

The "Supergun" affair was a 1990 political scandal in the United Kingdom that involved two businesses, Sheffield Forgemasters and Walter Somers, Gerald Bull, (then) members of parliament Hal Miller and Nicholas Ridley, the UK's Secret Intelligence Service, a failed prosecution, and components of a "supergun" (as newspaper headlines had it) that the businesses were alleged to have been exporting to Iraq that they and others had contacted the government about in 1988.^[1][2]

A section of the Iraqi supergun from Imperial War Museum Duxford

The collapse of the court case preceded the Arms-to-Iraq case, that involved a different company Matrix Churchill, by four months.^[2]

Canadian engineer Gerald Bull became interested in the possibility of using 'superguns' in place of rockets to insert payloads into orbit. He lobbied for the start of Project HARP to investigate this concept in the 1960s, using paired ex-US Navy 16"/50 calibre Mark 7 gun barrels welded end-to-end. Three of these 16"/100 (406 mm) guns were emplaced, one in Quebec, Canada, another in Barbados, and the third near Yuma, Arizona.^[3] HARP was later cancelled, and Bull turned to military designs, eventually developing the GC-45 howitzer. Some years later, Bull interested Saddam Hussein in funding Project Babylon. The objective of this project is not certain, but one possibility is that it was intended to develop a gun capable of firing an object into orbit, from whence it could then drop onto any place on the Earth.^{[citation needed]} Gerald Bull was assassinated in March 1990, terminating development, and the parts were confiscated by British customs after the Gulf War.

References

1. Herald 1994. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHerald1994 (help)
2. West 2014, p. 374.
3. Graf, Richard K. . Encyclopedia Astronautica. astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2002. Retrieved 14 August 2013.

Reference bibliography

• "Government 'had two years warning' about Iraq supergun". The Herald. 7 May 1994.
• West, Nigel (2014). "Matrix Churchill". Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810878976.

Further reading

• Phythian, Mark (2007). "Intelligence oversight in the U.K.". In Johnson, Loch K. (ed.). Handbook of Intelligence Studies. Routledge. ISBN 9781135986889.
• Beale, Andrew (1997). "The Citizen and the Legislature". Essential Constitutional Law. Cavendish Publishing. pp. 18–20. ISBN 9781843142188.
• Tomkins, Adam (1998). "Ministers and Parliament". The Constitution After Scott: Government Unwrapped. Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198262909.
• Todd, Paul; Bloch, Jonathan (2003). "European union: new purpose, old methods?". Global Intelligence: The World's Secret Services Today. Zed Books. pp. 108 et seq. ISBN 9781842771136.