A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft.
four stroke Straight-three engine with firing order 1-3-2
A crankshaft angle of 120 degrees is typically used by straight-three engines,[8] since this results in an evenly spaced firing interval. Another benefit of this configuration is perfect primary balance and secondary balance, however an end-to-end rocking couple is induced because there is no symmetry in the piston velocities about the middle piston. A balance shaft is sometimes used to reduce the vibrations caused by the rocking couple.
Other crankshaft angles have been used occasionally. The 1976-1981 Laverda Jota motorcycle used a 180 degree crankshaft, where the outer pistons rise and fall together and inner cylinder is offset from them by 180 degrees. This results in three power strokes evenly-spaced at 180 degrees each, and then no power strokes during the final 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation. The 2020 Triumph Tiger 900 motorcycle uses a "T-Plane" crankshaft where the crankshaft throws are at 90 intervals, such that the throws for cylinders 1 and 3 are separated by 180 degrees (therefore the three throws together forming a "T" shape when viewed from the end).[9][10]
Among the first cars to use a straight-three engine is the 1953-1955 DKW F91, powered by a 900 cc (55 cu in) two-stroke engine. The 1956-1960 Saab 93 saw the introduction of Saab's 750 cc (46 cu in) two-stroke engine, which was also used in the Saab 95, Saab 96 and Saab Sonett until 1968 after which it was replace by the Ford Taunus V4 engine.
The Wartburg cars (manufactured in East Germany) and FSO Syrena (manufactured in Poland) also used straight-three engines.
The 1967 Suzuki Fronte 360 uses a 256 cc (16 cu in) two-stroke engine. In 1980, Suzuki began production of a 543 cc (33 cu in) four-stroke engine, which was introduced in the Alto and Fronte models.
The Subaru EF engine is a 4-stroke petrol engine which was introduced in 1984 and used in the Justy[6] and the Sumo (the export version of the Sambar).
The straight-three versions of the Ford EcoBoost engine - a turbocharged 1.0-litre petrol engine - was introduced in the 2012 Ford Focus.[11] It uses an unbalanced flywheel to shift the inherent three-cylinder imbalance to the horizontal plane where it is more easily managed by engine mounts, and so remove the need to use balance shafts.[12] In 2016, cylinder deactivation was added, claimed to be a world first for three-cylinder engines.[13]
The advantages of a straight-three engine for motorcycles are that it has a shorter length than an inline-four engine and produces less vibration than a straight-twin engine.[25][page needed]
From 1985-1995, the BMW K75 was produced with a straight-three engine (based on the straight-four engine from the BMW K100). The British company Triumph has produced several models with transversely-mounted straight-three engines, such as the 1994-present Triumph Speed Triple[29] and the 2004-present Triumph Rocket III.[30]
Two-stroke designs are less common in straight-three engines than four-stroke designs, however several were produced by Japanese manufacturers in the late 1960s through to 1980s.
The Kawasaki triple engine was produced from 1968 to 1980 and was used in various road bikes and racing bikes.[32][33] Most versions were air-cooled, however several were water-cooled.[34] Similarly, the 1972-1980 Suzuki GT series engines were used for both road bike and racing bikes, and were available in both air-cooled and water-cooled versions.[34]
An example of an agricultural application is the Fairbanks-Morse 32E14 low-speed diesel engine.
The straight-three layout is common for diesel tractor engines, such as the Perkins AD3.152. This engine was used in the Massey Ferguson 35 and Fordson Dextra tractors, as well as for marine and stationary applications.
Aviation
The Hewland AE75 is a 750 cc two-stroke aircraft engine that was produced in the mid-1980s. It was an inverted three-cylinder design with liquid-cooling that produced 75 bhp (56 kW).[35]
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Straight-3 engines.
^Robson, Graham (August 15, 2010). "The car and the team". Saab 96 & V4. Rally Giants. Veloce Publishing. p. 27. ISBN978-1-84584-256-7. V4 replaces straight three
^Let's Ride: Sonny Barger's Guide to Motorcycling. Sonny Barger, Darwin Holmstrom. HarperCollins, 8 Jun 2010
^Superbikes: The World's Top Performance Machines. Alan Dowds. Tangerine Press, 2004
^Gorant, Jim (December 1997). Oldham, Joe (ed.). "Jet Ski Saviors". Popular Mechanics. New York, NY USA: Hearst. 174 (12): 54–57. ISSN 0032-4558. Retrieved 2012-07-02. The 1071cc, inline, triple-cylinder configuration produces 803 pounds of thrust and pushes the boat to about 55 mph.
^ abcDinkel, John, ed. (July 1988). "Comparison Road Test: 3x3". Road & Track. Newport Beach, CA USA: Diamandis Communications. 39 (11): 66–74. ISSN 0035-7189. Its engine is still the same 993-cc sohc inline-3, producing 48 bhp at 5100 5100 rpm and 57 lb-ft torque at 3200...
^Mayersohn, Norman; Zino, Ken (March 1988). Oldham, Joe (ed.). "Car of the Future Part 3 of a Series – Power for Tomorrow". Popular Mechanics. New York, NY USA: Hearst. 165 (3): 53–57. ISSN 0032-4558. Retrieved 2012-07-02. Under a more sophisticated modular engine plan, a basic 3-liter V6 could be split into an inline Three, chopped into a V4 or melded into a V12.
^"Here's The Problem With Three-Cylinder Engines". Car Throttle. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
^Cameron, Kevin. "Triumph's New T-Plane Firing Order Explained". Cycleworld. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
^"Smallest Ford Engine Ever! Three-Cylinder EcoBoost (and Two New Transmissions)". Retrieved 2017-04-03.
^"Ford's 3-cyl. EcoBoost Delivers the Goods". 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
^"Ford To Offer Fuel-Saving Cylinder Deactivation Tech FOR 1.0 Litre EcoBoost; Global First For A 3-Cylinder Engine". 2016-11-29. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
^Logan (September 23, 2011). "New car: 2012 Daihatsu Mira e:S". Motor Mania. Retrieved 2012-07-03. Motivation comes from a 3-cylinder, 650cc petrol engine that kicks out a mere 51bhp (52PS/38kW) and 60Nm (44lb-ft) of torque.
^"Audi A2 1.2 TDI: the three-litre car from Audi". AUDI AG - press release. AudiWorld.com. 1999-11-28. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
^Jackson, Paul (February 1, 2008). "Chapter 6: The Next Generation". The Little Book of Smart. Veloce Publishing. pp. 94–95. ISBN978-1-84584-148-5. There were plenty of changes under the skin, too, with the original smart-built turbocharged engine being replaced (on petrol-engined versions) by a Mitsubishi design – still with three cylinders but now a larger (999cc) capacity.
^"New VW Fox in depth". Volkswagen AG. WorldCarFans.com. 2005-04-04. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
straight, three, engine, straight, three, engine, also, called, inline, triple, inline, three, three, cylinder, piston, engine, where, cylinders, arranged, line, along, common, crankshaft, engine, block, elsbett, straight, three, diesel, engine, less, common, . A straight three engine also called an inline triple or inline three 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 is a three cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft Engine block of an Elsbett straight three diesel engine Less common than straight four engines straight three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles cars and agricultural machinery Contents 1 Design 2 Usage in cars 3 Usage in motorcycles 3 1 Four stroke 3 2 Two stroke 4 Other uses 4 1 Agriculture 4 2 Aviation 5 See also 6 ReferencesDesign Edit four stroke Straight three engine with firing order 1 3 2 A crankshaft angle of 120 degrees is typically used by straight three engines 8 since this results in an evenly spaced firing interval Another benefit of this configuration is perfect primary balance and secondary balance however an end to end rocking couple is induced because there is no symmetry in the piston velocities about the middle piston A balance shaft is sometimes used to reduce the vibrations caused by the rocking couple Other crankshaft angles have been used occasionally The 1976 1981 Laverda Jota motorcycle used a 180 degree crankshaft where the outer pistons rise and fall together and inner cylinder is offset from them by 180 degrees This results in three power strokes evenly spaced at 180 degrees each and then no power strokes during the final 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation The 2020 Triumph Tiger 900 motorcycle uses a T Plane crankshaft where the crankshaft throws are at 90 intervals such that the throws for cylinders 1 and 3 are separated by 180 degrees therefore the three throws together forming a T shape when viewed from the end 9 10 Usage in cars Edit Circa 1960 Saab two stroke engine 2010 Suzuki K10B engine Among the first cars to use a straight three engine is the 1953 1955 DKW F91 powered by a 900 cc 55 cu in two stroke engine The 1956 1960 Saab 93 saw the introduction of Saab s 750 cc 46 cu in two stroke engine which was also used in the Saab 95 Saab 96 and Saab Sonett until 1968 after which it was replace by the Ford Taunus V4 engine The Wartburg cars manufactured in East Germany and FSO Syrena manufactured in Poland also used straight three engines The 1967 Suzuki Fronte 360 uses a 256 cc 16 cu in two stroke engine In 1980 Suzuki began production of a 543 cc 33 cu in four stroke engine which was introduced in the Alto and Fronte models The Subaru EF engine is a 4 stroke petrol engine which was introduced in 1984 and used in the Justy 6 and the Sumo the export version of the Sambar The straight three versions of the Ford EcoBoost engine a turbocharged 1 0 litre petrol engine was introduced in the 2012 Ford Focus 11 It uses an unbalanced flywheel to shift the inherent three cylinder imbalance to the horizontal plane where it is more easily managed by engine mounts and so remove the need to use balance shafts 12 In 2016 cylinder deactivation was added claimed to be a world first for three cylinder engines 13 Other car engines Years Name Fuel Notes1977 1993 Daihatsu C series Petrol Used in the Daihatsu Charade and Daihatsu Mira Cuore 14 1983 2001 Suzuki G10 Petrol Debuted in the Suzuki Cultus Swift 6 15 1986 1995 VM Motori R392 Diesel Turbocharged used in the Alfa Romeo 331987 present Mitsubishi 3G8 Petrol Debuted in the Mitsubishi Minica1991 2008 Daewoo S TEC Petrol Used in the Daewoo Tico and Daewoo Matiz1996 2002 GM X10XE Petrol Debuted in the Opel Corsa1998 2007 Mercedes Benz M160 Petrol Turbocharged used by Smart1998 2005 Volkswagen R3 PD TDI 3L Diesel Turbocharged used in the Volkswagen Lupo and Audi A2 16 1999 2014 Mercedes Benz OM660 Diesel Turbocharged used by Smart1999 2005 VN Motori R 315 Diesel Turbocharged debuted in the Hyundai Accent2000 2006 Honda ECA1 Petrol Used by the Honda Insight hybrid car2003 present Mitsubishi 3A9 Petrol Debuted in the Mitsubishi Mirage 17 2004 2011 Hyundai U engine Diesel Turbocharged debuted in the Kia Picanto2004 present Volkswagen R3 EA111 Petrol Debuted in the Volkswagen Fox 18 2004 2009 Mercedes Benz OM639 Diesel Turbocharged used by the Smart Forfour and Mitsubishi Colt 19 20 2004 present Toyota 1KR FE Petrol Debuted in the Toyota Aygo2010 present Nissan HR Petrol Some versions supercharged debuted in the Nissan Micra 21 2011 2017 Fiat XSDE Diesel Debuted in the India market Chevrolet Beat 22 2012 present Ford EcoBoost Petrol Some versions turbocharged debuted in the Ford Focus 3rd generation 2012 present BMW B37 Diesel Turbocharged debuted in the Mini F56 2012 present Renault TCe Petrol Turbocharged debuted in the Renault Clio IV2013 present BMW B38 Petrol Turbocharged debuted in the BMW i82013 present GM small gasoline engine Petrol Turbocharged debuted in the Opel Adam 23 24 2014 present PSA Group PureTech Petrol Turbocharged debuted in the Peugeot 3082018 present GM E Turbo Petrol Turbocharged debuted in the Chevrolet Orlando2020 present Toyota G16E Petrol Turbocharged debuted in the Toyota GR Yaris Usage in motorcycles Edit 2004 present Triumph Rocket III engine 1969 1975 Kawasaki H1 Mach III See also List of motorcycles by type of engine The advantages of a straight three engine for motorcycles are that it has a shorter length than an inline four engine and produces less vibration than a straight twin engine 25 page needed Four stroke Edit Four stroke straight three engines have been used in road bikes and racing bikes by several companies 26 page needed 27 page needed 28 page needed From 1985 1995 the BMW K75 was produced with a straight three engine based on the straight four engine from the BMW K100 The British company Triumph has produced several models with transversely mounted straight three engines such as the 1994 present Triumph Speed Triple 29 and the 2004 present Triumph Rocket III 30 In 2019 the Moto2 class in the MotoGP World Championship switched to using Triumph 765 cc 46 7 cu in triple engines 31 Two stroke Edit Two stroke designs are less common in straight three engines than four stroke designs however several were produced by Japanese manufacturers in the late 1960s through to 1980s The Kawasaki triple engine was produced from 1968 to 1980 and was used in various road bikes and racing bikes 32 33 Most versions were air cooled however several were water cooled 34 Similarly the 1972 1980 Suzuki GT series engines were used for both road bike and racing bikes and were available in both air cooled and water cooled versions 34 Other uses EditAgriculture Edit 1940s Fairbanks Morse straight three diesel engine An example of an agricultural application is the Fairbanks Morse 32E14 low speed diesel engine The straight three layout is common for diesel tractor engines such as the Perkins AD3 152 This engine was used in the Massey Ferguson 35 and Fordson Dextra tractors as well as for marine and stationary applications Aviation Edit The Hewland AE75 is a 750 cc two stroke aircraft engine that was produced in the mid 1980s It was an inverted three cylinder design with liquid cooling that produced 75 bhp 56 kW 35 See also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Straight 3 engines Straight engine V3 engineReferences Edit Robson Graham August 15 2010 The car and the team Saab 96 amp V4 Rally Giants Veloce Publishing p 27 ISBN 978 1 84584 256 7 V4 replaces straight three Let s Ride Sonny Barger s Guide to Motorcycling Sonny Barger Darwin Holmstrom HarperCollins 8 Jun 2010 Superbikes The World s Top Performance Machines Alan Dowds Tangerine Press 2004 Cycle world Volume 44 CBS Publications 2005 Gorant Jim December 1997 Oldham Joe ed Jet Ski Saviors Popular Mechanics New York NY USA Hearst 174 12 54 57 ISSN 0032 4558 Retrieved 2012 07 02 The 1071cc inline triple cylinder configuration produces 803 pounds of thrust and pushes the boat to about 55 mph a b c Dinkel John ed July 1988 Comparison Road Test 3x3 Road amp Track Newport Beach CA USA Diamandis Communications 39 11 66 74 ISSN 0035 7189 Its engine is still the same 993 cc sohc inline 3 producing 48 bhp at 5100 5100 rpm and 57 lb ft torque at 3200 Mayersohn Norman Zino Ken March 1988 Oldham Joe ed Car of the Future Part 3 of a Series Power for Tomorrow Popular Mechanics New York NY USA Hearst 165 3 53 57 ISSN 0032 4558 Retrieved 2012 07 02 Under a more sophisticated modular engine plan a basic 3 liter V6 could be split into an inline Three chopped into a V4 or melded into a V12 Here s The Problem With Three Cylinder Engines Car Throttle Retrieved 2019 12 03 TIGER 900 ENGINE amp CAPABILITY Triumph Motorcycles UK Retrieved 10 February 2020 Cameron Kevin Triumph s New T Plane Firing Order Explained Cycleworld Retrieved 10 February 2020 Smallest Ford Engine Ever Three Cylinder EcoBoost and Two New Transmissions Retrieved 2017 04 03 Ford s 3 cyl EcoBoost Delivers the Goods 2014 05 15 Retrieved 2017 04 03 Ford To Offer Fuel Saving Cylinder Deactivation Tech FOR 1 0 Litre EcoBoost Global First For A 3 Cylinder Engine 2016 11 29 Retrieved 2017 04 03 Logan September 23 2011 New car 2012 Daihatsu Mira e S Motor Mania Retrieved 2012 07 03 Motivation comes from a 3 cylinder 650cc petrol engine that kicks out a mere 51bhp 52PS 38kW and 60Nm 44lb ft of torque Daniel Zevedei Suzuki Swift 1 0 GL 5 doors hatchback Auto types com Retrieved 2014 06 20 Audi A2 1 2 TDI the three litre car from Audi AUDI AG press release AudiWorld com 1999 11 28 Retrieved 2009 08 22 Jackson Paul February 1 2008 Chapter 6 The Next Generation The Little Book of Smart Veloce Publishing pp 94 95 ISBN 978 1 84584 148 5 There were plenty of changes under the skin too with the original smart built turbocharged engine being replaced on petrol engined versions by a Mitsubishi design still with three cylinders but now a larger 999cc capacity New VW Fox in depth Volkswagen AG WorldCarFans com 2005 04 04 Retrieved 2009 08 18 Daniel Zevedei Mitsubishi Colt 1 1 Inform 5 doors hatchback Auto types com Retrieved 2014 06 20 Om639 Engine Diesel Engine Turbocharger Scribd Retrieved 2020 08 24 HR12DDR Engine NISSAN TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES Nissan global com Retrieved 2014 06 20 LAUNCHED Chevrolet Beat diesel starts at Rs 4 29 lakh WWW bsmotoring com BS Motoring July 25 2011 New All Aluminum 3 Cylinder Turbo Sets Refinement Benchmark Media opel com 2013 08 07 Retrieved 2014 06 20 Opel presents new 1 0 ECOTEC Direct Injection Turbo engine at Aachen Colloquium Media gm com 2013 10 08 Retrieved 2014 06 20 How Your Motorcycle Works Your Guide to the Components amp Systems of Modern Motorcycles Peter Henshaw Veloce Publishing Ltd 15 Sep 2012 365 Motorcycles You Must Ride Dain Gingerelli Charles Everitt James Manning Michels MBI Publishing Company 10 Jan 2011 The Motorcycle Book Alan Seeley MotorBooks International 2 May 2004 Human Hurricane Wilson Steve Walneck s Classic Cycle Trader April 2005 Cycle world Volume 44 CBS Publications 2005 inline triple Triumph Motorcycles Twins amp Triples Timothy Remus MotorBooks International 10 Oct 1997 Triumph enters Grand Prix racing as Moto2 engine supplier The Telegraph 18 December 2018 Retrieved 15 December 2019 The Kawasaki Triples Bible All Road Models 1968 1980 Plus H1r and H2r Racers in Profile Alastair Walker Veloce Publishing Ltd 15 Jan 2011 P 18 365 Motorcycles You Must Ride Dain Gingerelli Charles Everitt James Manning Michels MBI Publishing Company 10 Jan 2011 P 188 a b Japanese Production Racing Motorcycles Mick Walker Redline Books Sep 2004 Pilot magazine February 1986 page 32 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Straight three engine amp oldid 1110855727, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
