Stepan Yakovlevich Rumovsky (Russian: Степан Яковлевич Румовский; 9 November [O.S. 29 October] 1734, VladimirGovernorate – 6 July [O.S. 18 July] 1812, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian astronomer and mathematician, considered to be the first Russian astronomer of renown.[1]
Rumovsky studied in Berlin under Leonhard Euler.[2][3] He taught mathematics and astronomy at the University of St. Petersburg from 1756 to 1812 and held numerous important positions in the St. Petersburg Academy, including director of the geography department from 1766 to 1786 and director of the observatory and professor of astronomy from 1763 until his death.[2] At some point, he became a vice-president of the Academy of Sciences.[4] He was appointed an honorary foreign member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1763.[2]
Rumovsky joined the Russian School Administration Board in 1803 and was responsible for several reforms. As superintendent of the Kazan Department of Education between 1803 and 1812 he played a major role in the founding of Kazan University.[2]
Worksedit
He authored scientific papers related to the field of astronomy, geodesy, geography, mathematics, and physics. In 1786, he was responsible for publishing the first catalog in Russia with astronomical geographical coordinates for sixty-two sites, later republished in Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch (1790).[2] In 1760, Rumovsky published a textbook on mathematics for students. Later, he was involved in the edition of the Dictionary of the Russian language. He made a number of translations into Russian as well, mostly philosophical works.[4]
Observations of Venusedit
In the 18th century, the precise measurements of the distance between the Earth and the Sun were recognized as one of the most urgent tasks of astronomy. It was previously suggested by Edmond Halley that the best available method to measure this distance was to observe the point at which Venus was between the Sun and the Earth (transit of Venus). Two such points occurred in 1761 and 1769, respectively, and the observations, performed everywhere over Europe, lead indeed to a very precise data related to the distance to the Sun.[4]
In 1761, the effort was coordinated all over Europe, including Russia. The Russian effort, backed by Mikhail Lomonosov, consisted in a number of expeditions to observe the phenomenon. In particular, Rumovsky headed the expedition to Selenginsk in Siberia.[4]
The 1761 results were used for more refined observations performed in 1769. In that year, Rumovsky was coordinating the observations in the Russian Empire, which were held over the whole accessible area. Rumovsky personally conducted observations in Kola, and later collaborated with Euler to produce the most complete picture based on the observations made in all possible locations.[4]
Referencesedit
^Khramoĭ, A. V. (1969). History of Automation in Russia Before 1917: (Ocherk Istorii Razvitiya Avtomatiki V SSSR; Dooktyabrʹskii Period). Israel Program for Scientific Translations. p. 223.
^ abcdeVorontsov-Velyaminov, Boris. "Очерки истории астрономии в России 6. С.Я. Румовский и другие русские астрономы второй половины XVIII в." (in Russian). «Кабинетъ» — История астрономии. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
December 18, 2023
stepan, rumovsky, stepan, yakovlevich, rumovsky, russian, Степан, Яковлевич, Румовский, november, october, 1734, vladimir, governorate, july, july, 1812, saint, petersburg, russian, astronomer, mathematician, considered, first, russian, astronomer, renown, ste. Stepan Yakovlevich Rumovsky Russian Stepan Yakovlevich Rumovskij 9 November O S 29 October 1734 Vladimir Governorate 6 July O S 18 July 1812 Saint Petersburg was a Russian astronomer and mathematician considered to be the first Russian astronomer of renown 1 Stepan Yakovlevich RumovskyStepan Yakovlevich RumovskijBorn9 November O S 29 October 1734Vladimir RussiaDied6 July O S 18 July 1812Saint Petersburg RussiaNationalityRussianEducationStudied under Leonhard Euler in BerlinOccupation s Astronomer MathematicianYears active1756 1812 Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2 1 Observations of Venus 3 ReferencesBiography editRumovsky studied in Berlin under Leonhard Euler 2 3 He taught mathematics and astronomy at the University of St Petersburg from 1756 to 1812 and held numerous important positions in the St Petersburg Academy including director of the geography department from 1766 to 1786 and director of the observatory and professor of astronomy from 1763 until his death 2 At some point he became a vice president of the Academy of Sciences 4 He was appointed an honorary foreign member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1763 2 Rumovsky joined the Russian School Administration Board in 1803 and was responsible for several reforms As superintendent of the Kazan Department of Education between 1803 and 1812 he played a major role in the founding of Kazan University 2 Works editHe authored scientific papers related to the field of astronomy geodesy geography mathematics and physics In 1786 he was responsible for publishing the first catalog in Russia with astronomical geographical coordinates for sixty two sites later republished in Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch 1790 2 In 1760 Rumovsky published a textbook on mathematics for students Later he was involved in the edition of the Dictionary of the Russian language He made a number of translations into Russian as well mostly philosophical works 4 Observations of Venus edit In the 18th century the precise measurements of the distance between the Earth and the Sun were recognized as one of the most urgent tasks of astronomy It was previously suggested by Edmond Halley that the best available method to measure this distance was to observe the point at which Venus was between the Sun and the Earth transit of Venus Two such points occurred in 1761 and 1769 respectively and the observations performed everywhere over Europe lead indeed to a very precise data related to the distance to the Sun 4 In 1761 the effort was coordinated all over Europe including Russia The Russian effort backed by Mikhail Lomonosov consisted in a number of expeditions to observe the phenomenon In particular Rumovsky headed the expedition to Selenginsk in Siberia 4 The 1761 results were used for more refined observations performed in 1769 In that year Rumovsky was coordinating the observations in the Russian Empire which were held over the whole accessible area Rumovsky personally conducted observations in Kola and later collaborated with Euler to produce the most complete picture based on the observations made in all possible locations 4 References edit Khramoĭ A V 1969 History of Automation in Russia Before 1917 Ocherk Istorii Razvitiya Avtomatiki V SSSR Dooktyabrʹskii Period Israel Program for Scientific Translations p 223 a b c d e Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers Springer 2007 09 18 p 992 ISBN 978 0 387 30400 7 Clark William Golinski Jan Schaffer Simon 1 July 1999 The Sciences in Enlightened Europe University of Chicago Press p 395 ISBN 978 0 226 10940 4 a b c d e Vorontsov Velyaminov Boris Ocherki istorii astronomii v Rossii 6 S Ya Rumovskij i drugie russkie astronomy vtoroj poloviny XVIII v in Russian Kabinet Istoriya astronomii Retrieved 17 November 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stepan Rumovsky amp oldid 1168639669, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
