fbpx
Wikipedia

Stateira (wife of Alexander the Great)

December 20, 2023

Stateira (Greek: Στάτειρα; died 323 BC), possibly also known as Homa, was the daughter of Stateira and Darius III of Persia. After her father's defeat at the Battle of Issus, Stateira and her sisters became captives of Alexander of Macedon. They were treated well, and she became Alexander's second wife at the Susa weddings in 324 BC. At the same ceremony Alexander also married her cousin, Parysatis, daughter of Darius' predecessor. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, Stateira was killed by Alexander's other wife, Roxana.[1]

The marriages of Stateira II to Alexander III of Macedon and her sister, Drypteis, to Hephaestion at Susa in 324 BC

Name edit

Scholars have debated her name. In his list of marriages that occurred at Susa, Arrian (c. 86 – after 146), calls her "Homa". She is commonly confused with Barsine who was also held captive by Alexander around the same period.[2] Historian William Woodthorpe Tarn asserts her official name was "Barsine", but she was likely commonly called "Stateira".[3] Tarn cites other instances of confusion, noting that by the end of the 3rd century BC, legend often confused Roxane with Stateira as the daughter of Darius.[4]

Early life edit

Stateira (Homa) was the eldest daughter of Darius III of Persia and his wife, also named Stateira.[5] Both of her parents were frequently described as handsome or beautiful, leading Tarn to speculate Stateira "was sufficiently good-looking, at any rate for a princess, to be called ... beautiful."[6] Her birthdate is unknown; by 333 BC she was of marriageable age.[5] After Alexander the Great invaded Persia, Stateira and her family accompanied Darius' army. In November 333 Alexander's army defeated the Persians at the Battle of Issus. Darius fled, and the Macedonian army soon captured his family. Although many captured Persian women were treated brutally, under Alexander's orders Stateira, her mother, her sister Drypetis, her younger brother, and their paternal grandmother, Sisygambis, were treated well and allowed to retain their social status.[5]

Marriage to Alexander the Great edit

Further information: Global royal intermarriage

For the next two years, Stateira and her family followed Alexander's army. Her mother died in early 332, leaving Sisygambis to act as her guardian.[5] Although Darius tried several times to ransom his family, Alexander refused to return the women. Darius then offered Alexander Stateira's hand in marriage and agreed to relinquish his claim to some of the land Alexander had already seized in exchange for ending the war. Alexander declined the offer,[7] reminding Darius that he already had custody of both the land and Stateira, and that, if he chose to marry her, Darius' permission would not be necessary.[6]

In 330 BC, Alexander left Stateira and her family in Susa with instructions that she should be taught Greek. Historian Elizabeth Donnelly Carney speculates that Alexander had already decided to marry Stateira and was preparing her for life as his wife.[7] Stateira became Alexander's second wife in 324 BC, almost ten years after her capture, in a mass ceremony known as The Susa weddings[7] which lasted five days. Ninety other Persian noblewomen were married to Macedonian soldiers who were loyal to Alexander; this included Drypetis, who married Alexander's friend, Hephaestion.[8] At the same ceremony, Alexander married Parysatis, daughter of previous Persian ruler Artaxerxes III.[9] It was fairly common practice for conquering rulers to marry the widow or daughter of the man they had deposed.[6] By wedding both women, Alexander cemented his ties to both branches of the royal family of the Achaemenid Empire.[8][9]

Alexander died the following year, 323 BC. After his death, his first wife Roxana colluded with Perdiccas to kill Stateira. Roxana wished to cement her own position and that of her son, Alexander IV, by ridding herself of a rival who could be—or claim to be—pregnant.[9] According to Plutarch's account, Stateira's sister, Drypetis, was killed at the same time; Carney believes that Plutarch was mistaken, and it was actually Parysatis who died with Stateira.[9]

Depictions edit

 
A mural in Pompeii, depicting Alexander and Stateira

Stateira may be depicted in a fresco found during the excavations at Pompeii. The fresco depicts a nude warrior in a purple Macedonian cloak, likely Alexander. On his left stands a woman wearing a crown and holding a scepter. Scholars debate whether the woman is Roxana or Stateira.[10]

References edit

  1. ^ Anson, Edward M. (2014-07-14). Alexander's Heirs: The Age of the Successors. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-1-4443-3962-8.
  2. ^ . 2006-01-01. Archived from the original on 2006-01-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ^ Tarn (2002), p. 334.
  4. ^ Tarn (2002), p. 335.
  5. ^ a b c d Carney (2000), p. 108.
  6. ^ a b c Tarn (2002), p. 336.
  7. ^ a b c Carney (2000), p. 109.
  8. ^ a b O'Brien (2005), p. 197.
  9. ^ a b c d Carney (2000), p. 110.
  10. ^ Stewart (1993), p. 186.

Sources edit

  • Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (2000), Women and Monarchy in Macedonia, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 0-8061-3212-4
  • O'Brien, John Maxwell (2001), Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy - A Biography, New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-10617-6
  • Stewart, Andrew F. (1993), Faces of Power: Alexander's image and Hellenistic politics, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-06851-3
  • Tarn, W.W. (2002), Alexander the Great: Volume II Sources and Studies, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-22585-X originally published 1948 by Cambridge University Press

External links edit

December 20, 2023
stateira, wife, alexander, great, stateira, greek, Στάτειρα, died, possibly, also, known, homa, daughter, stateira, darius, persia, after, father, defeat, battle, issus, stateira, sisters, became, captives, alexander, macedon, they, were, treated, well, became. Stateira Greek Stateira died 323 BC possibly also known as Homa was the daughter of Stateira and Darius III of Persia After her father s defeat at the Battle of Issus Stateira and her sisters became captives of Alexander of Macedon They were treated well and she became Alexander s second wife at the Susa weddings in 324 BC At the same ceremony Alexander also married her cousin Parysatis daughter of Darius predecessor After Alexander s death in 323 BC Stateira was killed by Alexander s other wife Roxana 1 The marriages of Stateira II to Alexander III of Macedon and her sister Drypteis to Hephaestion at Susa in 324 BC Contents 1 Name 2 Early life 3 Marriage to Alexander the Great 4 Depictions 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksName editScholars have debated her name In his list of marriages that occurred at Susa Arrian c 86 after 146 calls her Homa She is commonly confused with Barsine who was also held captive by Alexander around the same period 2 Historian William Woodthorpe Tarn asserts her official name was Barsine but she was likely commonly called Stateira 3 Tarn cites other instances of confusion noting that by the end of the 3rd century BC legend often confused Roxane with Stateira as the daughter of Darius 4 Early life editStateira Homa was the eldest daughter of Darius III of Persia and his wife also named Stateira 5 Both of her parents were frequently described as handsome or beautiful leading Tarn to speculate Stateira was sufficiently good looking at any rate for a princess to be called beautiful 6 Her birthdate is unknown by 333 BC she was of marriageable age 5 After Alexander the Great invaded Persia Stateira and her family accompanied Darius army In November 333 Alexander s army defeated the Persians at the Battle of Issus Darius fled and the Macedonian army soon captured his family Although many captured Persian women were treated brutally under Alexander s orders Stateira her mother her sister Drypetis her younger brother and their paternal grandmother Sisygambis were treated well and allowed to retain their social status 5 Marriage to Alexander the Great editFurther information Global royal intermarriage For the next two years Stateira and her family followed Alexander s army Her mother died in early 332 leaving Sisygambis to act as her guardian 5 Although Darius tried several times to ransom his family Alexander refused to return the women Darius then offered Alexander Stateira s hand in marriage and agreed to relinquish his claim to some of the land Alexander had already seized in exchange for ending the war Alexander declined the offer 7 reminding Darius that he already had custody of both the land and Stateira and that if he chose to marry her Darius permission would not be necessary 6 In 330 BC Alexander left Stateira and her family in Susa with instructions that she should be taught Greek Historian Elizabeth Donnelly Carney speculates that Alexander had already decided to marry Stateira and was preparing her for life as his wife 7 Stateira became Alexander s second wife in 324 BC almost ten years after her capture in a mass ceremony known as The Susa weddings 7 which lasted five days Ninety other Persian noblewomen were married to Macedonian soldiers who were loyal to Alexander this included Drypetis who married Alexander s friend Hephaestion 8 At the same ceremony Alexander married Parysatis daughter of previous Persian ruler Artaxerxes III 9 It was fairly common practice for conquering rulers to marry the widow or daughter of the man they had deposed 6 By wedding both women Alexander cemented his ties to both branches of the royal family of the Achaemenid Empire 8 9 Alexander died the following year 323 BC After his death his first wife Roxana colluded with Perdiccas to kill Stateira Roxana wished to cement her own position and that of her son Alexander IV by ridding herself of a rival who could be or claim to be pregnant 9 According to Plutarch s account Stateira s sister Drypetis was killed at the same time Carney believes that Plutarch was mistaken and it was actually Parysatis who died with Stateira 9 Depictions edit nbsp A mural in Pompeii depicting Alexander and StateiraStateira may be depicted in a fresco found during the excavations at Pompeii The fresco depicts a nude warrior in a purple Macedonian cloak likely Alexander On his left stands a woman wearing a crown and holding a scepter Scholars debate whether the woman is Roxana or Stateira 10 In the 2004 film Alexander by Oliver Stone Stateira is portrayed by the French actress Annelise Hesme Indian TV actress Riya Deepsi portrayed the character of Stateira II called Barsine in 2017 Indian TV series Porus References edit Anson Edward M 2014 07 14 Alexander s Heirs The Age of the Successors John Wiley amp Sons pp 11 12 ISBN 978 1 4443 3962 8 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology page 464 v 1 2006 01 01 Archived from the original on 2006 01 01 Retrieved 2017 11 21 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Tarn 2002 p 334 Tarn 2002 p 335 a b c d Carney 2000 p 108 a b c Tarn 2002 p 336 a b c Carney 2000 p 109 a b O Brien 2005 p 197 a b c d Carney 2000 p 110 Stewart 1993 p 186 Sources editCarney Elizabeth Donnelly 2000 Women and Monarchy in Macedonia Norman OK University of Oklahoma Press ISBN 0 8061 3212 4 O Brien John Maxwell 2001 Alexander the Great The Invisible Enemy A Biography New York Routledge ISBN 0 415 10617 6 Stewart Andrew F 1993 Faces of Power Alexander s image and Hellenistic politics Berkeley CA University of California Press ISBN 0 520 06851 3 Tarn W W 2002 Alexander the Great Volume II Sources and Studies Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 22585 X originally published 1948 by Cambridge University PressExternal links editPothos org Stateira mother and daughter Livius org Barsine Statira Archived 2014 11 06 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stateira wife of Alexander the Great amp oldid 1188122214, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.