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State-owned enterprises of the United States

February 12, 2024

See also: Government-sponsored enterprise

United States federal government chartered and owned corporations operate to provide public services, and unlike government agencies (e.g., the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, etc.), or independent commissions (e.g., the Federal Communications Commission, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, etc.), they have a separate legal personality from the federal government. This gives them a higher level of political independence. Some receive federal budgetary appropriations, while some have independent sources of revenue.

Federal-government-acquired corporations edit

The federal-government-acquired corporations are a separate set of corporations that were originally chartered and created by an entity other than the U.S. federal government, but that were, at some point, nationalized by the federal government. Most of these are corporations temporarily in possession of the government as a result of a seizure of property of a debtor to the government, such as a delinquent taxpayer; usually, these are awaiting liquidation at auction, and most are too small to note. However, there are also corporations that the federal government has nationalized to ensure the continued provision of an essential service or services (such as the federal government's nationalization of the Alaska Northern Railroad in 1914 and Tanana Valley Railroad in 1917, now both part of the Alaska Railroad, which remained federally-owned until being sold to the state of Alaska in 1985, and, on a larger scale, the nationalization of all U.S. railroads from 1917 to 1920 under the United States Railroad Administration), as well as nationalization of the northeastern freight railroads under Conrail (1976).

List of partially or wholly federally owned enterprises edit

Other types in the United States edit

States and local governments edit

There exists a second level of sovereign government in the United States which coexists with the federal government: the individual states of the United States. The vast majority of non-governmental corporations in the United States are chartered by the states of the United States.[citation needed] This includes most charitable corporations, non-profit corporations, and for-profit corporations. States also have the power to charter corporations that they own, control, or are responsible for the regulation and finance of. These include municipal corporations and state chartered and owned corporations. State government-chartered and -owned corporations are numerous and provide public services. Examples include North Dakota Mill and Elevator and South Dakota Public Broadcasting. Generally speaking, a statute passed by a state legislature specifically sets up a government-owned company in order to undertake a specific public purpose with public funds or public property. Lotteries in the United States are also run by government corporations, such as the Georgia Lottery Corporation and many others.[citation needed]

Tribal and indigenous governments edit

There also exists a third level of sovereign government in the United States: the sovereignty of the Native American tribal governments. As such, the Native American (including Alaska Native) tribal governments have the power to charter corporations and undertake public undertakings that might benefit their citizens, Native Americans are therefore not only citizens of their particular tribes, but also citizens of their respective U.S. states, and of the United States. For example, a tribal council could establish a public service broadcaster along the lines of Ireland's Raidió Teilifís Éireann, partially-fund it with a television license on tribal land, and make up the difference through advertising, thereby making it both a means of uniting the tribe and giving it a voice and a commercial venture by the tribe.

The Alaska Natives are particularly advanced in using their tribal sovereignty to incorporate corporations that are owned by and for the benefit of their tribal citizens and often compete in highly competitive economic sectors through the Alaska Native Regional Corporations. The Native American tribes in the 48 contiguous states often use their sovereignty and their ability to charter to compete using regulatory easements; for instance, Native American tribal corporations often trade in goods that are highly taxed in surrounding states (such as tobacco), or engage in activities that surrounding states have (for reasons of public policy) forbidden, such as the operation of casinos or other gaming establishments. Most of these endeavors have proven very successful for Native American tribal sovereigns and their tribal corporations, bringing wealth into the hands of Native Americans.

References edit

  1. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 24
  2. ^ a b "31 USC Ch. 91: GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS". uscode.house.gov.
  3. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 44
  4. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 60
  5. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 77
  6. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 82
  7. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 105
  8. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 131
  9. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 145
  10. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 149
  11. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 162
  12. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 180
  13. ^ a b c Kevin R. Kosar (2011-06-08). Federal Government Corporations: An Overview (Report). Congressional Research Service. RL30365.
  14. ^ Profiles of Existing Government Corporations, pp. 18, 214

Further reading edit

  • United States General Accounting Office (13 December 1995). "Government corporations: Profiles of Existing Government Corporations". Washington, DC: Author. GAO/GGD-96-14.   Note: This may be a different document than the one cited above.

February 12, 2024
state, owned, enterprises, united, states, also, government, sponsored, enterprise, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, section, appears, con. See also Government sponsored enterprise This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article or section appears to contradict itself Please see the talk page for more information February 2018 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources State owned enterprises of the United States news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message United States federal government chartered and owned corporations operate to provide public services and unlike government agencies e g the Environmental Protection Agency the Bureau of Indian Affairs etc or independent commissions e g the Federal Communications Commission the Nuclear Regulatory Commission etc they have a separate legal personality from the federal government This gives them a higher level of political independence Some receive federal budgetary appropriations while some have independent sources of revenue Contents 1 Federal government acquired corporations 2 List of partially or wholly federally owned enterprises 3 Other types in the United States 3 1 States and local governments 3 2 Tribal and indigenous governments 4 References 5 Further readingFederal government acquired corporations editThe federal government acquired corporations are a separate set of corporations that were originally chartered and created by an entity other than the U S federal government but that were at some point nationalized by the federal government Most of these are corporations temporarily in possession of the government as a result of a seizure of property of a debtor to the government such as a delinquent taxpayer usually these are awaiting liquidation at auction and most are too small to note However there are also corporations that the federal government has nationalized to ensure the continued provision of an essential service or services such as the federal government s nationalization of the Alaska Northern Railroad in 1914 and Tanana Valley Railroad in 1917 now both part of the Alaska Railroad which remained federally owned until being sold to the state of Alaska in 1985 and on a larger scale the nationalization of all U S railroads from 1917 to 1920 under the United States Railroad Administration as well as nationalization of the northeastern freight railroads under Conrail 1976 List of partially or wholly federally owned enterprises editCommodity Credit Corporation CCC 1 Community Development Financial Institutions Fund 2 Corporation for National and Community Service AmeriCorps 2 Export Import Bank of the United States 3 Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 4 Federal Crop Insurance Corporation FCIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation Federal Financing Bank FFB 5 Federal Home Loan Banks 6 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Freddie Mac Federal National Mortgage Association Fannie Mae Federal Prison Industries UNICOR 7 Government National Mortgage Association Ginnie Mae 8 Legal Services Corporation 9 Millennium Challenge Corporation MCC National Cooperative Bank 10 National Corporation for Housing Partnerships NCHP Washington D C National Flood Insurance Program NFIP National Credit Union Administration Central Liquidity Facility CLF National Endowment for Democracy 11 National Railroad Passenger Corporation Amtrak Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation 12 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Presidio Trust 13 Resolution Funding Corporation 13 St Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Securities Investor Protection Corporation 14 Tennessee Valley Authority TVA U S International Development Finance Corporation United States African Development Foundation United States Postal Service 13 Other types in the United States editStates and local governments edit There exists a second level of sovereign government in the United States which coexists with the federal government the individual states of the United States The vast majority of non governmental corporations in the United States are chartered by the states of the United States citation needed This includes most charitable corporations non profit corporations and for profit corporations States also have the power to charter corporations that they own control or are responsible for the regulation and finance of These include municipal corporations and state chartered and owned corporations State government chartered and owned corporations are numerous and provide public services Examples include North Dakota Mill and Elevator and South Dakota Public Broadcasting Generally speaking a statute passed by a state legislature specifically sets up a government owned company in order to undertake a specific public purpose with public funds or public property Lotteries in the United States are also run by government corporations such as the Georgia Lottery Corporation and many others citation needed Tribal and indigenous governments edit There also exists a third level of sovereign government in the United States the sovereignty of the Native American tribal governments As such the Native American including Alaska Native tribal governments have the power to charter corporations and undertake public undertakings that might benefit their citizens Native Americans are therefore not only citizens of their particular tribes but also citizens of their respective U S states and of the United States For example a tribal council could establish a public service broadcaster along the lines of Ireland s Raidio Teilifis Eireann partially fund it with a television license on tribal land and make up the difference through advertising thereby making it both a means of uniting the tribe and giving it a voice and a commercial venture by the tribe The Alaska Natives are particularly advanced in using their tribal sovereignty to incorporate corporations that are owned by and for the benefit of their tribal citizens and often compete in highly competitive economic sectors through the Alaska Native Regional Corporations The Native American tribes in the 48 contiguous states often use their sovereignty and their ability to charter to compete using regulatory easements for instance Native American tribal corporations often trade in goods that are highly taxed in surrounding states such as tobacco or engage in activities that surrounding states have for reasons of public policy forbidden such as the operation of casinos or other gaming establishments Most of these endeavors have proven very successful for Native American tribal sovereigns and their tribal corporations bringing wealth into the hands of Native Americans References edit Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 24 a b 31 USC Ch 91 GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS uscode house gov Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 44 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 60 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 77 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 82 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 105 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 131 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 145 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 149 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 162 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 180 a b c Kevin R Kosar 2011 06 08 Federal Government Corporations An Overview Report Congressional Research Service RL30365 Profiles of Existing Government Corporations pp 18 214Further reading editUnited States General Accounting Office 13 December 1995 Government corporations Profiles of Existing Government Corporations Washington DC Author GAO GGD 96 14 nbsp Note This may be a different document than the one cited above Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title State owned enterprises of the United States amp oldid 1196048998, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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