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Standard Parasitic Exchange Format

January 13, 2023

Standard Parasitic Exchange Format (SPEF) is an IEEE standard for representing parasitic data of wires in a chip in ASCII format. Non-ideal wires have parasitic resistance and capacitance that are captured by SPEF. These wires also have inductance that is not included in SPEF. SPEF is used for delay calculation and ensuring signal integrity of a chip which eventually determines its speed of operation.

SPEF is the most popular specification for parasitic exchange between different tools of EDA domain during any phase of design.

The specification for SPEF is a part of the 1481-1999 IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit (IC) Delay and Power Calculation System. The latest version of SPEF is part of 1481-2019 IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit (IC) Open Library Architecture (OLA) .

SPEF is extracted after routing in Place and route stage. This helps in the accurate calculation of IR-drop analysis and other analysis after routing. This file contains the R and C parameters depending on the placement of a tile/block and the routing among the placed cells.

SPEF syntax

SPEF (Standard Parasitic Extraction Format) is documented in chapter 9 of IEEE 1481-1999. Several methods of describing parasitics are documented, but we are discussing only a few important ones.

General Syntax

A typical SPEF file will have 4 main sections:

  • a header section,
  • a name map section,
  • a top level port section, and
  • the main parasitic description section.

Generally, SPEF keywords are preceded with an asterisk, for example: *R_UNIT, *NAME_MAP and *D_NET.

Comments start anywhere on a line with // and run to the end of the line. Each line in a block of comments must start with //.

Header Information

The header section is 14 lines containing information about:

  • the design name,
  • the parasitic extraction tool,
  • naming styles, and
  • units.

When reading SPEF, it is important to check the header for units as they vary across tools. By default, SPEF from Astro will be in pF and kΩ while SPEF from Star-RCXT and Quantus QRC will be in fF and Ω.

Name Map Section

To reduce file size, SPEF allows long names to be mapped to shorter numbers preceded by an asterisk. This mapping is defined in the name map section. For example: 

*NAME_MAP *509 F_C_EP2 *510 F_C_EP3 *511 F_C_EP4 *512 F_C_EP5 *513 TOP/BUF_ZCLK_2_pin_Z_1 *514 TOP/BUF_ZCLK_3_pin_Z_1 *515 TOP/BUF_ZCLK_4_pin_Z_1

Later in the file, F_C_EP2 can be referred to by its name or by *509. Name mapping in SPEF is not required. Also, mapped and non-mapped names can appear in the same file. Typically, short names such as a pin named A will not be mapped as mapping would not reduce file size. You can write a script will map the numbers back into names. This will make SPEF easier to read, but greatly increase file size.

Port Section

The port section is simply a list of the top level ports in a design. They are also annotated as input, output or bidirect with an I, O or B. For example: 

*PORTS *1 I *2 I *3 O *4 O *5 O *6 O *7 O *8 B *9 B

Parasitics

Each extracted net will have a *D_NET section. This will usually consist of a *D_NET line, a *CONN section, a *CAP section, *RES section, and an *END line. Single pin nets will not have a *RES section. Nets connected by abutting pins will not have a *CAP section. 

*D_NET regcontrol_top/GRC/n13345 1.94482 *CONN *I regcontrol_top/GRC/U9743:E I *C 537.855 9150.11 *L 3.70000 *I regcontrol_top/GRC/U9409:A I *C 540.735 9146.02 *L 5.40000 *I regcontrol_top/GRC/U9407:Z O *C 549.370 9149.88 *D OR2M1P *CAP 1 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9743:E 0.936057 2 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9409:A regcontrol_top/GRC/U10716:Z 0.622675 3 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9407:Z 0.386093 *RES 1 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9743:E regcontrol_top/GRC/U9407:Z 10.7916 2 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9743:E regcontrol_top/GRC/U9409:A 8.07710 3 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9409:A regcontrol_top/GRC/U9407:Z 11.9156 *END

The *D_NET line tells the net name and the net's total capacitance. This capacitance will be the sum of all the capacitances in the *CAP section.

*CONN Section

The *CONN section lists the pins connected to the net. A connection to a cell instance starts with a *I. A connection to a top level port starts with a *P.

The syntax of the *CONN entries is: 

*I <pin name> <direction> *C <xy coordinate> <loading or driving information>

Where:

  • The pin name is the name of the pin.
  • The direction will be I, O, or B, corresponding to input, output, or bidirectional signals, respectively.
  • The xy coordinate will be the location of the pin in the layout.
  • For an input, the loading information will be *L and the pin's capacitance.
  • For an output, the driving information will be *D and the driving cell's type.
  • Coordinates for *P port entries may not be accurate because some extraction tools look for the physical location of the logical port (which does not exist) rather than the location of the corresponding pin.

*CAP Section

The *CAP section provides detailed capacitance information for the net. Entries in the *CAP section come in two forms, one for a capacitor lumped to ground and one for a coupled capacitor.

A capacitor lumped to ground has three fields:

  • an identifying integer,
  • a node name, and
  • the capacitance value of this node.
Example
1 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9743:E 0.936057

A coupling capacitor has four fields:

  • an identifying integer,
  • two node names, and
  • the values of the coupling capacitor between these two nodes.
Example
2 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9409:A regcontrol_top/GRC/U10716:Z 0.622675

If net A is coupled to net B, the coupling capacitor will be listed in each net's *CAP section.

*RES Section

The *RES section provides the resistance network for the net.

Entries in the *RES section contain 4 fields:

  • an identifying integer,
  • two node names, and
  • the resistance between these two nodes.
Example
1 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9743:E regcontrol_top/GRC/U9407:Z 10.7916

The resistance network for a net can be very complex. SPEF can contain resistor loops or seemingly ridiculously huge resistors even if the layout is a simple point to point route. This is caused by the extraction tool cutting nets into tiny pieces for extraction and then mathematically stitching them back together when writing SPEF.

Parasitic Values

The above examples show a single parasitic value for each capacitor or resistor. It is up to the parasitic extraction and delay calculation flow to decide which corner this value represents. SPEF also allows for min:typ:max values to be reported: 

1 regcontrol_top/GRC/U9743:E 0.936057:1.02342:1.31343

The IEEE standard requires either 1 or 3 values to be reported; however, some tools will report min:max pairs and it is expected that tools may report many corners (corner1:corner2:corner3:corner4) in the future.

The Difference Between Parasitic Data Formats

SPEF is not the same as SPF (including DSPF and RSPF). Detailed Standard Parasitic Format is a very different format, meant to be useful in a SPICE simulation. For example, *NET sections do not have endings, and comments should start with two asterisks.

A brief syntax of the DSPF format is as shown below. 

*DSPF 1.0 *DIVIDER / *DELIMITER : *BUS_DELIMITER [ ] *|GROUND_NET NetName .SUBCKT *NET NetName NetCap *|I(InstancePinName InstanceName PinName PinType PinCap X Y) *|P(PinName PinType PinCap X Y) *|S(SubNodeName X Y) .ENDs .END

The acronyms stand for:

  • SPF — Standard Parasitic Format
  • DSPF — Detailed Standard Parasitic Format
  • RSPF — Reduced Standard Parasitic Format
  • SPEF — Standard Parasitic Exchange Format
  • SBPF — Synopsys Binary Parasitic Format

SPF is a Cadence Design Systems standard for defining netlist parasitics. DSPF and RSPF are the two forms of SPF; the term SPF itself is sometimes used (or misused) to represent parasitics in general. DSPF and RSPF both represent parasitic information as an RC network. RSPF represents each net as an RC "pi" model, which consists of an equivalent "near" capacitance at the driver of the net, an equivalent "far" capacitance for the net, and an equivalent resistance connecting these two capacitances. Each net has a single "pi" network for the network, regardless of how many pins are on the net. In addition to the pi network, RSPF causes the PrimeTime tool to calculate an Elmore delay for every pin-to-pin interconnects delay.

In contrast, DSPF models a detailed network of RC parasitics for every net. DSPF is therefore more accurate than RSPF, but DSPF files can be an order of magnitude larger than RSPF files for the same design. In addition, there is no specification for coupling caps in DSPF. DSPF is more similar to a SPICE netlist than the other formats. SPEF is an Open Verilog Initiative (OVI) — and now IEEE — format for defining netlist parasitics. SPEF is not identical to the SPF format, although it is used in a similar manner. Like the SPF format, SPEF includes resistance and capacitance parasitics. Also like the SPF format, SPEF can represent parasitics in detailed or reduced (pi-model) forms, with the reduced form probably being more commonly used. SPEF also has a syntax that allows the modeling of capacitance between different nets, so it is used by the PrimeTime SI (crosstalk) analysis tool. SPEF is smaller than SPF and DSPF because the names are mapped to integers to reduce file size.

SBPF is a Synopsys binary format supported by PrimeTime. Parasitic data converted to this format occupies less disk space and can be read much faster than the same data stored in SPEF format. You can convert parasitics to SBPF, by reading them in and then writing them out with the write_parasitics -format sbpf command.

References

  • 1481-1999 – IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit (IC) Delay and Power Calculation System. 1999. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1999.91518. ISBN 0-7381-1771-4.
  • 1481-2019 – IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit (IC) Open Library Architecture (OLA). 2020. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9034549. ISBN 978-1-5044-6355-3.
  • http://143.248.230.186/tech_doc/diffrence_paracitic_data.txt
  • "Cadence Standard Parasitic Format (SPF). Version C1.5.1" (PDF). Cadence Design Systems. 1999-05-19. Retrieved 2019-04-19 – via Cadence Support.
    • https://support.cadence.com/apex/ArticleAttachmentPortal?id=a1Od0000000nVFIEA2&pageName=ArticleContent. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) Where can I find the Cadence SPEF, DSPF, SPF, or RSPF specification?

January 13, 2023
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Standard Parasitic Exchange Format SPEF is an IEEE standard for representing parasitic data of wires in a chip in ASCII format Non ideal wires have parasitic resistance and capacitance that are captured by SPEF These wires also have inductance that is not included in SPEF SPEF is used for delay calculation and ensuring signal integrity of a chip which eventually determines its speed of operation SPEF is the most popular specification for parasitic exchange between different tools of EDA domain during any phase of design The specification for SPEF is a part of the 1481 1999 IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit IC Delay and Power Calculation System The latest version of SPEF is part of 1481 2019 IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit IC Open Library Architecture OLA SPEF is extracted after routing in Place and route stage This helps in the accurate calculation of IR drop analysis and other analysis after routing This file contains the R and C parameters depending on the placement of a tile block and the routing among the placed cells Contents 1 SPEF syntax 1 1 General Syntax 1 2 Header Information 1 3 Name Map Section 1 4 Port Section 1 5 Parasitics 1 5 1 CONN Section 1 5 2 CAP Section 1 5 2 1 Example 1 5 2 2 Example 1 5 3 RES Section 1 5 3 1 Example 1 5 4 Parasitic Values 2 The Difference Between Parasitic Data Formats 3 ReferencesSPEF syntax EditSPEF Standard Parasitic Extraction Format is documented in chapter 9 of IEEE 1481 1999 Several methods of describing parasitics are documented but we are discussing only a few important ones General Syntax Edit A typical SPEF file will have 4 main sections a header section a name map section a top level port section and the main parasitic description section Generally SPEF keywords are preceded with an asterisk for example R UNIT NAME MAP and D NET Comments start anywhere on a line with and run to the end of the line Each line in a block of comments must start with Header Information Edit The header section is 14 lines containing information about the design name the parasitic extraction tool naming styles and units When reading SPEF it is important to check the header for units as they vary across tools By default SPEF from Astro will be in pF and kW while SPEF from Star RCXT and Quantus QRC will be in fF and W Name Map Section Edit To reduce file size SPEF allows long names to be mapped to shorter numbers preceded by an asterisk This mapping is defined in the name map section For example NAME MAP 509 F C EP2 510 F C EP3 511 F C EP4 512 F C EP5 513 TOP BUF ZCLK 2 pin Z 1 514 TOP BUF ZCLK 3 pin Z 1 515 TOP BUF ZCLK 4 pin Z 1 Later in the file F C EP2 can be referred to by its name or by 509 Name mapping in SPEF is not required Also mapped and non mapped names can appear in the same file Typically short names such as a pin named A will not be mapped as mapping would not reduce file size You can write a script will map the numbers back into names This will make SPEF easier to read but greatly increase file size Port Section Edit The port section is simply a list of the top level ports in a design They are also annotated as input output or bidirect with an I O or B For example PORTS 1 I 2 I 3 O 4 O 5 O 6 O 7 O 8 B 9 B Parasitics Edit Each extracted net will have a D NET section This will usually consist of a D NET line a CONN section a CAP section RES section and an END line Single pin nets will not have a RES section Nets connected by abutting pins will not have a CAP section D NET regcontrol top GRC n13345 1 94482 CONN I regcontrol top GRC U9743 E I C 537 855 9150 11 L 3 70000 I regcontrol top GRC U9409 A I C 540 735 9146 02 L 5 40000 I regcontrol top GRC U9407 Z O C 549 370 9149 88 D OR2M1P CAP 1 regcontrol top GRC U9743 E 0 936057 2 regcontrol top GRC U9409 A regcontrol top GRC U10716 Z 0 622675 3 regcontrol top GRC U9407 Z 0 386093 RES 1 regcontrol top GRC U9743 E regcontrol top GRC U9407 Z 10 7916 2 regcontrol top GRC U9743 E regcontrol top GRC U9409 A 8 07710 3 regcontrol top GRC U9409 A regcontrol top GRC U9407 Z 11 9156 END The D NET line tells the net name and the net s total capacitance This capacitance will be the sum of all the capacitances in the CAP section CONN Section Edit The CONN section lists the pins connected to the net A connection to a cell instance starts with a I A connection to a top level port starts with a P The syntax of the CONN entries is I lt pin name gt lt direction gt C lt xy coordinate gt lt loading or driving information gt Where The pin name is the name of the pin The direction will be I O or B corresponding to input output or bidirectional signals respectively The xy coordinate will be the location of the pin in the layout For an input the loading information will be L and the pin s capacitance For an output the driving information will be D and the driving cell s type Coordinates for P port entries may not be accurate because some extraction tools look for the physical location of the logical port which does not exist rather than the location of the corresponding pin CAP Section Edit The CAP section provides detailed capacitance information for the net Entries in the CAP section come in two forms one for a capacitor lumped to ground and one for a coupled capacitor A capacitor lumped to ground has three fields an identifying integer a node name and the capacitance value of this node Example Edit 1 regcontrol top GRC U9743 E 0 936057 A coupling capacitor has four fields an identifying integer two node names and the values of the coupling capacitor between these two nodes Example Edit 2 regcontrol top GRC U9409 A regcontrol top GRC U10716 Z 0 622675 If net A is coupled to net B the coupling capacitor will be listed in each net s CAP section RES Section Edit The RES section provides the resistance network for the net Entries in the RES section contain 4 fields an identifying integer two node names and the resistance between these two nodes Example Edit 1 regcontrol top GRC U9743 E regcontrol top GRC U9407 Z 10 7916 The resistance network for a net can be very complex SPEF can contain resistor loops or seemingly ridiculously huge resistors even if the layout is a simple point to point route This is caused by the extraction tool cutting nets into tiny pieces for extraction and then mathematically stitching them back together when writing SPEF Parasitic Values Edit The above examples show a single parasitic value for each capacitor or resistor It is up to the parasitic extraction and delay calculation flow to decide which corner this value represents SPEF also allows for min typ max values to be reported 1 regcontrol top GRC U9743 E 0 936057 1 02342 1 31343 The IEEE standard requires either 1 or 3 values to be reported however some tools will report min max pairs and it is expected that tools may report many corners corner1 corner2 corner3 corner4 in the future The Difference Between Parasitic Data Formats EditSPEF is not the same as SPF including DSPF and RSPF Detailed Standard Parasitic Format is a very different format meant to be useful in a SPICE simulation For example NET sections do not have endings and comments should start with two asterisks A brief syntax of the DSPF format is as shown below DSPF 1 0 DIVIDER DELIMITER BUS DELIMITER GROUND NET NetName SUBCKT NET NetName NetCap I InstancePinName InstanceName PinName PinType PinCap X Y P PinName PinType PinCap X Y S SubNodeName X Y ENDs END The acronyms stand for SPF Standard Parasitic Format DSPF Detailed Standard Parasitic Format RSPF Reduced Standard Parasitic Format SPEF Standard Parasitic Exchange Format SBPF Synopsys Binary Parasitic FormatSPF is a Cadence Design Systems standard for defining netlist parasitics DSPF and RSPF are the two forms of SPF the term SPF itself is sometimes used or misused to represent parasitics in general DSPF and RSPF both represent parasitic information as an RC network RSPF represents each net as an RC pi model which consists of an equivalent near capacitance at the driver of the net an equivalent far capacitance for the net and an equivalent resistance connecting these two capacitances Each net has a single pi network for the network regardless of how many pins are on the net In addition to the pi network RSPF causes the PrimeTime tool to calculate an Elmore delay for every pin to pin interconnects delay In contrast DSPF models a detailed network of RC parasitics for every net DSPF is therefore more accurate than RSPF but DSPF files can be an order of magnitude larger than RSPF files for the same design In addition there is no specification for coupling caps in DSPF DSPF is more similar to a SPICE netlist than the other formats SPEF is an Open Verilog Initiative OVI and now IEEE format for defining netlist parasitics SPEF is not identical to the SPF format although it is used in a similar manner Like the SPF format SPEF includes resistance and capacitance parasitics Also like the SPF format SPEF can represent parasitics in detailed or reduced pi model forms with the reduced form probably being more commonly used SPEF also has a syntax that allows the modeling of capacitance between different nets so it is used by the PrimeTime SI crosstalk analysis tool SPEF is smaller than SPF and DSPF because the names are mapped to integers to reduce file size SBPF is a Synopsys binary format supported by PrimeTime Parasitic data converted to this format occupies less disk space and can be read much faster than the same data stored in SPEF format You can convert parasitics to SBPF by reading them in and then writing them out with the write parasitics format sbpf command References Edit1481 1999 IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit IC Delay and Power Calculation System 1999 doi 10 1109 IEEESTD 1999 91518 ISBN 0 7381 1771 4 1481 2019 IEEE Standard for Integrated Circuit IC Open Library Architecture OLA 2020 doi 10 1109 IEEESTD 2020 9034549 ISBN 978 1 5044 6355 3 http 143 248 230 186 tech doc diffrence paracitic data txt Cadence Standard Parasitic Format SPF Version C1 5 1 PDF Cadence Design Systems 1999 05 19 Retrieved 2019 04 19 via Cadence Support https support cadence com apex ArticleAttachmentPortal id a1Od0000000nVFIEA2 amp pageName ArticleContent a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Where can I find the Cadence SPEF DSPF SPF or RSPF specification Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Standard Parasitic Exchange Format amp oldid 1112846084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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