In talks with countries that have expressed a wish to join the European Union, the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, or human rights reform in that country. In exchange, the country may be offered tariff-free access to some or all EU markets (industrial goods, agricultural products, etc.), and financial or technical assistance.
Map of the states which have participated in the European Union's Stabilisation and Association Process, with the date of entry into force of its Stabilization and Association Agreement (and the date of lapse of the agreement for Croatia when it became an EU member state).
Stabilisation and Association agreements are part of the EU Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). At present, the countries of the Western Balkans are the focus of the SAP. Specific Stabilisation and Association Agreements (SAA) have been implemented with various Balkan countries which explicitly include provisions for future EU membership of the country involved. SAAs are similar in principle to the Europe Agreements signed with the Central and Eastern European countries in the 1990s and to the Association Agreement with Turkey.
SAAs are based mostly on the EU's acquis communautaire and predicated on its promulgation in the cooperating states legislation. The depth of the policy harmonization expected by SAA is less than for EU member states; some policy areas in the Acquis may not be covered by a given SAA.
As of April 2016, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia have SAA's in force. Croatia formerly had a SAA, but it lapsed when they acceded to the EU in 2013.
The agreement with Kosovo was the first signed after the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty, which conferred a legal personality to the EU.[2][3] As a result, an EU representative in Kosovo explained that "unlike SAA with other countries of the region, this one will be exclusively the EU agreement. The EU will co-sign it as a legal entity."[4] The agreement did not need to be individually ratified by each member state, some of which have not recognized the independence of Kosovo.[5] The representative went on to say that "since Kosovo is not recognized by the five member states, we had to issue a directive saying that the signing of the agreement will not signify that the EU or any of the countries recognize Kosovo as a state."[4]
^Montenegro started negotiations in November 2005 while a part of Serbia and Montenegro (SiM). Separate technical negotiations were conducted regarding issues of sub-state organizational competency. A mandate for direct negotiations with Montenegro was established in July 2006. Direct negotiations were initiated on 26 September 2006 and concluded on 1 December 2006.[10]
^Serbia started negotiations in November 2005 while part of SiM, with a modified mandate from July 2006.
^The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 UN member states (with another 13 states recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition) and 92 states not recognizing it, while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory. The European Union remains divided on its policy towards Kosovo, with five EU member states not recognizing its independence. The EU launched a Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism for Kosovo on 6 November 2002 with the aim of aligning its policy with EU standards. On 10 October 2012 the European Commission found that there were no legal obstacles to Kosovo signing a SAA with the EU, as independence is not required for such an agreement.[14]
^ abcNo Interim Agreement associated with Kosovo's SAA was concluded.[18]
^Kosovo's SAA was the first signed after the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty, which conferred a legal personality to the EU. As a result, unlike previous SAAs Kosovo's is exclusively between it and the EU and Euratom, and the member states are not parties independently.[15][19][20]
^. European Union. Archived from the original on 23 February 2006.
^"Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations successfully completed". European External Action Service. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
^"EU starts the Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations with Kosovo". European Commission. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
^ ab"Kosovo to negotiate on Stabilisation and Association Agreement". 27 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
^"Kosovo Launches Crucial SAA Talks With EU". Balkan Insight. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
^"SAA Agreement with Macedonia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Croatia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Albania". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Montenegro". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
^"EU, Montenegro complete negotiations on pre-membership deal to bring country closer to bloc". International Herald Tribune. The Associated Press. 1 December 2006. Archived from the original on 25 September 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
^"SAA Agreement with Bosnia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Serbia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Kosovo*". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^"Feasibility Study for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo" (PDF). European Commission. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ ab"EU starts the Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations with Kosovo". European Commission. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
^"Stabilization and Association Agreement is initialled". Ministry of European Integration of the Republic of Kosovo. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
^"Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo signed". European Commission. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
^"Kosovo to negotiate on Stabilisation and Association Agreement". 27 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
^"Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations successfully completed". European External Action Service. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
^"Kosovo Launches Crucial SAA Talks With EU". Balkan Insight. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
^"Information relating to the entry into force of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and Kosovo (*), of the other part". EUR-Lex. 24 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
External links
January 20, 2023
stabilisation, association, process, talks, with, countries, that, have, expressed, wish, join, european, union, typically, concludes, association, agreements, exchange, commitments, political, economic, trade, human, rights, reform, that, country, exchange, c. In talks with countries that have expressed a wish to join the European Union the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political economic trade or human rights reform in that country In exchange the country may be offered tariff free access to some or all EU markets industrial goods agricultural products etc and financial or technical assistance Map of the states which have participated in the European Union s Stabilisation and Association Process with the date of entry into force of its Stabilization and Association Agreement and the date of lapse of the agreement for Croatia when it became an EU member state EU member states SAA in force Contents 1 Overview 2 Stabilisation and Association Process 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksOverview EditStabilisation and Association agreements are part of the EU Stabilisation and Association Process SAP and European Neighbourhood Policy ENP At present the countries of the Western Balkans are the focus of the SAP Specific Stabilisation and Association Agreements SAA have been implemented with various Balkan countries which explicitly include provisions for future EU membership of the country involved SAAs are similar in principle to the Europe Agreements signed with the Central and Eastern European countries in the 1990s and to the Association Agreement with Turkey SAAs are based mostly on the EU s acquis communautaire and predicated on its promulgation in the cooperating states legislation The depth of the policy harmonization expected by SAA is less than for EU member states some policy areas in the Acquis may not be covered by a given SAA The EU s relations with the Western Balkans states were moved from the External Relations to the Enlargement policy segment in 2005 As of 2022 Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia Montenegro and Serbia are officially recognized as candidates for membership Kosovo is not recognised as a candidate country but as a potential candidate 1 As of April 2016 Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo North Macedonia Montenegro and Serbia have SAA s in force Croatia formerly had a SAA but it lapsed when they acceded to the EU in 2013 The agreement with Kosovo was the first signed after the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty which conferred a legal personality to the EU 2 3 As a result an EU representative in Kosovo explained that unlike SAA with other countries of the region this one will be exclusively the EU agreement The EU will co sign it as a legal entity 4 The agreement did not need to be individually ratified by each member state some of which have not recognized the independence of Kosovo 5 The representative went on to say that since Kosovo is not recognized by the five member states we had to issue a directive saying that the signing of the agreement will not signify that the EU or any of the countries recognize Kosovo as a state 4 Stabilisation and Association Process EditEvent North Macedonia 6 Croatia 7 Albania 8 Montenegro 9 Note 1 Bosnia andHerzegovina 11 Serbia 12 Note 2 Kosovo 13 Note 3 SAA negotiations start 2000 04 05 2000 11 24 2003 01 31 2005 10 10 2005 11 25 2005 10 10 2013 10 28 15 SAA initialled 2000 11 24 2001 05 14 2006 02 28 2007 03 15 2007 12 04 2007 11 07 2014 07 25 16 SAA IA signature 2001 04 09 2001 10 29 2006 06 12 2007 10 15 2008 06 16 2008 04 29 2015 10 27 17 Interim Agreement EC ratification 2001 04 27 2002 01 30 2006 06 12 2007 10 15 2008 06 16 2009 12 08 N A Note 4 SAP state ratification 2001 04 27 2002 01 30 2006 10 09 2007 11 14 2008 06 20 2008 09 22 N A Note 4 entry into force 2001 06 01 2002 03 01 2006 12 01 2008 01 01 2008 07 01 2010 02 01 N A Note 4 Deposit of the instrument of ratification SAP state 2001 04 27 2002 01 30 2006 11 09 2007 11 13 2009 02 26 2008 09 22 2016 02 26Austria 2002 09 06 2002 03 15 2008 05 21 2008 07 04 2009 09 04 2011 01 13 N ABelgium 2003 12 29 2003 12 17 2008 10 22 2010 03 29 2010 03 29 2012 03 20 N ABulgaria entered the EU later 2008 05 30 2009 03 13 2010 08 12 N ACroatia entered the EU later N ACyprus entered the EU later 2008 05 30 2008 11 20 2009 07 02 2010 11 26 N ACzech Republic entered the EU later 2008 05 07 2009 02 19 2009 07 23 2011 01 28 N ADenmark 2002 04 10 2002 05 08 2008 04 24 2008 06 25 2009 05 26 2011 03 04 N AEstonia entered the EU later 2007 10 17 2007 11 22 2008 09 11 2010 08 19 N AFinland 2004 01 06 2004 01 06 2007 11 29 2009 03 18 2009 04 07 2011 10 21 N AFrance 2003 06 04 2003 06 04 2009 02 12 2009 07 30 2011 02 10 2012 01 16 N AGermany 2002 06 20 2002 10 18 2009 02 19 2009 11 16 2009 08 14 2012 02 24 N AGreece 2003 08 27 2003 08 27 2009 02 26 2010 03 04 2010 09 20 2011 03 10 N AHungary entered the EU later 2007 04 23 2008 05 14 2008 10 22 2010 11 16 N AIreland 2002 05 06 2002 05 06 2007 06 11 2009 06 04 2009 06 04 2011 09 29 N AItaly 2003 10 30 2004 10 06 2008 01 07 2009 10 13 2010 09 08 2011 01 06 N ALatvia entered the EU later 2006 12 19 2008 10 17 2009 11 12 2011 05 30 N ALithuania entered the EU later 2007 05 17 2009 03 04 2009 05 04 2013 06 26 N ALuxembourg 2003 07 28 2003 08 01 2007 07 04 2009 06 11 2010 12 22 2011 01 21 N AMalta entered the EU later 2008 04 21 2008 12 11 2010 01 07 2010 07 06 N ANetherlands 2002 09 09 2004 04 30 2007 12 10 2009 01 29 2009 09 30 2012 02 27 N APoland entered the EU later 2007 04 14 2009 02 06 2010 04 07 2012 01 13 N APortugal 2003 07 14 2003 07 14 2008 07 11 2008 09 23 2009 06 29 2011 03 04 N ARomania entered the EU later 2009 01 15 2010 01 08 2012 05 22 N ASlovakia entered the EU later 2007 07 20 2008 07 29 2009 03 17 2010 11 11 N ASlovenia entered the EU later 2007 01 18 2008 02 07 2009 03 10 2010 12 07 N ASpain 2002 10 04 2002 10 04 2007 05 03 2009 03 12 2010 06 15 2010 06 21 N ASweden 2002 06 25 2003 03 27 2007 03 21 2009 03 11 2009 09 14 2011 04 15 N AUnited Kingdom 2002 12 17 2004 09 03 2007 10 16 2010 01 12 2010 04 20 2011 08 11 N AEuropean Communities orEuropean Union and Euratom 2004 02 25 2004 12 21 2009 02 26 2010 03 29 2015 04 30 2013 07 22 2016 02 24 Note 5 SAA entry into force 2004 04 01 2005 02 01 2009 04 01 2010 05 01 2015 06 01 2013 09 01 2016 04 01 21 EU membership SAA lapsed TBD 2013 07 01 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD N A Not applicable Montenegro started negotiations in November 2005 while a part of Serbia and Montenegro SiM Separate technical negotiations were conducted regarding issues of sub state organizational competency A mandate for direct negotiations with Montenegro was established in July 2006 Direct negotiations were initiated on 26 September 2006 and concluded on 1 December 2006 10 Serbia started negotiations in November 2005 while part of SiM with a modified mandate from July 2006 The political status of Kosovo is disputed Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008 Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 UN member states with another 13 states recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition and 92 states not recognizing it while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory The European Union remains divided on its policy towards Kosovo with five EU member states not recognizing its independence The EU launched a Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism for Kosovo on 6 November 2002 with the aim of aligning its policy with EU standards On 10 October 2012 the European Commission found that there were no legal obstacles to Kosovo signing a SAA with the EU as independence is not required for such an agreement 14 a b c No Interim Agreement associated with Kosovo s SAA was concluded 18 Kosovo s SAA was the first signed after the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty which conferred a legal personality to the EU As a result unlike previous SAAs Kosovo s is exclusively between it and the EU and Euratom and the member states are not parties independently 15 19 20 See also EditFuture enlargement of the European Union European Neighbourhood Policy European Union Association Agreement Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe SP for SEE Central European Free Trade Agreement SAp country statistics Southeast Europe Transport Community Rules of Origin Market access Free trade area TariffsReferences Edit Enlargement Pre Acceding Countries amp Candidate countries Potential Candidate Countries European Union Archived from the original on 23 February 2006 Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations successfully completed European External Action Service 2 May 2014 Retrieved 2 May 2014 EU starts the Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations with Kosovo European Commission 28 October 2013 Retrieved 29 October 2013 a b Kosovo to negotiate on Stabilisation and Association Agreement 27 October 2013 Retrieved 27 October 2013 Kosovo Launches Crucial SAA Talks With EU Balkan Insight 28 October 2013 Retrieved 28 October 2013 SAA Agreement with Macedonia Council of the European Union Retrieved 20 April 2010 SAA Agreement with Croatia Council of the European Union Retrieved 20 April 2010 SAA Agreement with Albania Council of the European Union Retrieved 20 April 2010 SAA Agreement with Montenegro Council of the European Union Retrieved 20 April 2010 EU Montenegro complete negotiations on pre membership deal to bring country closer to bloc International Herald Tribune The Associated Press 1 December 2006 Archived from the original on 25 September 2008 Retrieved 4 April 2011 SAA Agreement with Bosnia Council of the European Union Retrieved 20 April 2010 SAA Agreement with Serbia Council of the European Union Retrieved 20 April 2010 SAA Agreement with Kosovo Council of the European Union Retrieved 7 December 2016 Feasibility Study for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo PDF European Commission 10 October 2012 Retrieved 24 October 2012 a b EU starts the Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations with Kosovo European Commission 28 October 2013 Retrieved 29 October 2013 Stabilization and Association Agreement is initialled Ministry of European Integration of the Republic of Kosovo 25 July 2014 Retrieved 25 July 2014 Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo signed European Commission 27 October 2015 Retrieved 27 October 2015 Kosovo to negotiate on Stabilisation and Association Agreement 27 October 2013 Retrieved 27 October 2013 Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations successfully completed European External Action Service 2 May 2014 Retrieved 2 May 2014 Kosovo Launches Crucial SAA Talks With EU Balkan Insight 28 October 2013 Retrieved 28 October 2013 Information relating to the entry into force of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community of the one part and Kosovo of the other part EUR Lex 24 March 2016 Retrieved 24 March 2016 External links EditEuropean Commission Website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Stabilisation and Association Process amp oldid 1128154299, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
