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St Andrews Cathedral

October 20, 2023

This article is about the cathedral in St Andrews, Scotland. For cathedrals of St Andrew elsewhere, see St Andrew's Cathedral (disambiguation).

The Cathedral of St Andrew (often referred to as St Andrews Cathedral) is a ruined cathedral in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It was built in 1158 and became the centre of the Medieval Catholic Church in Scotland as the seat of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and the Bishops and Archbishops of St Andrews. It fell into disuse and ruin after Catholic mass was outlawed during the 16th-century Scottish Reformation. It is currently a monument in the custody of Historic Environment Scotland. The ruins indicate that the building was approximately 119 m (390 ft) long, and is the largest church to have been built in Scotland.

St Andrews Cathedral
The Cathedral of St Andrew
East tower of St Andrews Cathedral and St Rule's Tower
56°20′24″N 2°47′15″W / 56.3400°N 2.7875°W / 56.3400; -2.7875
LocationThe Pends, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9QL
CountryScotland
DenominationRoman Catholic Church
History
StatusRuined
Founded1158; 865 years ago (1158)
Founder(s)Ernald
DedicationAndrew the Apostle
Dedicated1318; 705 years ago (1318)
Relics heldBones of St Andrew
Architecture
Architectural typeChurch
Style Romanesque, Gothic
Groundbreaking1158
Completed1318
Closed1561; 462 years ago (1561)
Specifications
Length391 ft (119 m)
Width168 ft (51 m)
Height100 ft (30 m)
Number of spires1 (fell in the 16th century)
Administration
ArchdioceseArchdiocese of St Andrews
Official nameSt Andrews Cathedral and Priory and adjacent ecclesiastical remains
Designated12 February 1999; 24 years ago (1999-02-12)
Reference no.SM13322

History Edit

Founding and development Edit

 
William de Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews who rebuilt and dedicated the cathedral in 1318

The cathedral was founded to supply more accommodation than the older church of St. Regulus (St. Rule) afforded. This older church, located on what became the cathedral grounds, had been built in the Romanesque style. Today, there remains the square tower, 33 metres (108 feet) high, and the quire, of very diminutive proportions. On a plan of the town from about 1531, a chancel appears, and seals affixed to the city and college charters bear representations of other buildings attached. To the east is an even older religious site, the Church of St Mary on the Rock, the Culdee house that became a Collegiate Church.

Work began on the new cathedral in 1158 and continued for over a century. The west end was blown down in a storm and rebuilt between 1272 and 1279. The cathedral was finally completed in 1318 and featured a central tower and six turrets; of these remain two at the east and one of the two at the western extremity, rising to a height of 30 metres (100 feet). On the 5th of July it was consecrated in the presence of King Robert the Bruce, who, according to legend, rode up the aisle on his horse.

A fire partly destroyed the building in 1378; restoration and further embellishment were completed in 1440.

The cathedral was served by a community of Augustinian Canons, the St Andrews Cathedral Priory, which were successors to the Culdees of the Celtic church.

Greyfriar (Franciscan) and Blackfriar (Dominican) friars had properties in the town by the late 15th century and possibly as late as 1518.

Abandonment and ruin Edit

 
St Rule's Tower and remains of St Rule's Church's western turrets as seen from the former courtyard. Photo taken on June 12th, 2023.
 
Recent view of the St Rule's Tower, remains of St Rule's Church's western turrets and the graveyard beneath, 10 October 2022.
 
The ruins of the nave of St. Andrews Cathedral
 
Remains of the arcade that used to support the main hall of the cathedral in the Middle Ages.
 
Archway over main west door, St Andrews Cathedral
 
Historic view of St Andrews Cathedral
 
The St Andrews Sarcophagus.

In June 1559 during the Reformation, a Protestant mob incited by the preaching of John Knox ransacked the cathedral; the interior of the building was destroyed. The cathedral fell into decline following the attack and became a source of building material for the town. By 1561 it had been abandoned and left to fall into ruin.[1]

At about the end of the sixteenth century the central tower apparently gave way, carrying with it the north wall. Afterwards large portions of the ruins were taken away for building purposes, and nothing was done to preserve them until 1826. Since then it has been tended with scrupulous care, an interesting feature being the cutting out of the ground-plan in the turf. The principal portions extant, partly Norman and partly Early Scottish, are the east and west gables, the greater part of the south wall of the nave and the west wall of the south transept.

At the end of the seventeenth century some of the priory buildings remained entire and considerable remains of others existed, but nearly all traces have now disappeared except portions of the priory wall and the archways, known as The Pends.

St Rule's Tower Edit

 
St Rule's tower
 
Historical Background of St. Rule's Tower
 
The Whyte-Melville memorial, St Andrews
 
The view from the top of St. Rule's Tower
 
The Eastern Cemetery, St Andrews, looking south to the bay

St Rule's tower is located in the cathedral grounds but predates it, having served as the church of the priory up to the early 12th century. The building was retained to allow worship to continue uninterrupted during the building of its much larger successor. Originally, the tower and adjoining choir were part of the church built in the 11th century to house the relics of St Andrew. The nave, with twin western turrets, and the apse of the church no longer stand. The church's original appearance is illustrated in stylised form on some of the early seals of the cathedral priory. Legend credits St Rule (also known as St Regulus) with bringing relics of St Andrew to the area from their original location at Patras in Greece. Today the tower commands an admirable view of the town, harbour, sea, and surrounding countryside. Built in grey sandstone ashlar, and (for its date) immensely tall (33 m), it is a land- and sea-mark seen from many miles away, its prominence doubtless meant to guide pilgrims to the place of the Apostle's relics. In the Middle Ages a spire atop the tower made it even more prominent. The tower was originally ascended using ladders between wooden floors, but a stone spiral staircase was inserted in the 18th century.

Burials Edit

In the cathedral Edit

Cathedral burial ground Edit

Eastern Cemetery Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ "Historic scotland". Retrieved 4 January 2021.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to St Andrew's Cathedral, St Andrews.

October 20, 2023
andrews, cathedral, this, article, about, cathedral, andrews, scotland, cathedrals, andrew, elsewhere, andrew, cathedral, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliab. This article is about the cathedral in St Andrews Scotland For cathedrals of St Andrew elsewhere see St Andrew s Cathedral disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources St Andrews Cathedral news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Cathedral of St Andrew often referred to as St Andrews Cathedral is a ruined cathedral in St Andrews Fife Scotland It was built in 1158 and became the centre of the Medieval Catholic Church in Scotland as the seat of the Archdiocese of St Andrews and the Bishops and Archbishops of St Andrews It fell into disuse and ruin after Catholic mass was outlawed during the 16th century Scottish Reformation It is currently a monument in the custody of Historic Environment Scotland The ruins indicate that the building was approximately 119 m 390 ft long and is the largest church to have been built in Scotland St Andrews CathedralThe Cathedral of St AndrewEast tower of St Andrews Cathedral and St Rule s Tower56 20 24 N 2 47 15 W 56 3400 N 2 7875 W 56 3400 2 7875LocationThe Pends St Andrews Fife KY16 9QLCountryScotlandDenominationRoman Catholic ChurchHistoryStatusRuinedFounded1158 865 years ago 1158 Founder s ErnaldDedicationAndrew the ApostleDedicated1318 705 years ago 1318 Relics heldBones of St AndrewArchitectureArchitectural typeChurchStyleRomanesque GothicGroundbreaking1158Completed1318Closed1561 462 years ago 1561 SpecificationsLength391 ft 119 m Width168 ft 51 m Height100 ft 30 m Number of spires1 fell in the 16th century AdministrationArchdioceseArchdiocese of St AndrewsScheduled monumentOfficial nameSt Andrews Cathedral and Priory and adjacent ecclesiastical remainsDesignated12 February 1999 24 years ago 1999 02 12 Reference no SM13322 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding and development 1 2 Abandonment and ruin 2 St Rule s Tower 3 Burials 3 1 In the cathedral 3 2 Cathedral burial ground 3 3 Eastern Cemetery 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditFounding and development Edit nbsp William de Lamberton Bishop of St Andrews who rebuilt and dedicated the cathedral in 1318The cathedral was founded to supply more accommodation than the older church of St Regulus St Rule afforded This older church located on what became the cathedral grounds had been built in the Romanesque style Today there remains the square tower 33 metres 108 feet high and the quire of very diminutive proportions On a plan of the town from about 1531 a chancel appears and seals affixed to the city and college charters bear representations of other buildings attached To the east is an even older religious site the Church of St Mary on the Rock the Culdee house that became a Collegiate Church Work began on the new cathedral in 1158 and continued for over a century The west end was blown down in a storm and rebuilt between 1272 and 1279 The cathedral was finally completed in 1318 and featured a central tower and six turrets of these remain two at the east and one of the two at the western extremity rising to a height of 30 metres 100 feet On the 5th of July it was consecrated in the presence of King Robert the Bruce who according to legend rode up the aisle on his horse A fire partly destroyed the building in 1378 restoration and further embellishment were completed in 1440 The cathedral was served by a community of Augustinian Canons the St Andrews Cathedral Priory which were successors to the Culdees of the Celtic church Greyfriar Franciscan and Blackfriar Dominican friars had properties in the town by the late 15th century and possibly as late as 1518 Abandonment and ruin Edit nbsp St Rule s Tower and remains of St Rule s Church s western turrets as seen from the former courtyard Photo taken on June 12th 2023 nbsp Recent view of the St Rule s Tower remains of St Rule s Church s western turrets and the graveyard beneath 10 October 2022 nbsp The ruins of the nave of St Andrews Cathedral nbsp Remains of the arcade that used to support the main hall of the cathedral in the Middle Ages nbsp Archway over main west door St Andrews Cathedral nbsp Historic view of St Andrews Cathedral nbsp The St Andrews Sarcophagus In June 1559 during the Reformation a Protestant mob incited by the preaching of John Knox ransacked the cathedral the interior of the building was destroyed The cathedral fell into decline following the attack and became a source of building material for the town By 1561 it had been abandoned and left to fall into ruin 1 At about the end of the sixteenth century the central tower apparently gave way carrying with it the north wall Afterwards large portions of the ruins were taken away for building purposes and nothing was done to preserve them until 1826 Since then it has been tended with scrupulous care an interesting feature being the cutting out of the ground plan in the turf The principal portions extant partly Norman and partly Early Scottish are the east and west gables the greater part of the south wall of the nave and the west wall of the south transept At the end of the seventeenth century some of the priory buildings remained entire and considerable remains of others existed but nearly all traces have now disappeared except portions of the priory wall and the archways known as The Pends St Rule s Tower Edit nbsp St Rule s tower nbsp Historical Background of St Rule s Tower nbsp The Whyte Melville memorial St Andrews nbsp The view from the top of St Rule s Tower nbsp The Eastern Cemetery St Andrews looking south to the baySt Rule s tower is located in the cathedral grounds but predates it having served as the church of the priory up to the early 12th century The building was retained to allow worship to continue uninterrupted during the building of its much larger successor Originally the tower and adjoining choir were part of the church built in the 11th century to house the relics of St Andrew The nave with twin western turrets and the apse of the church no longer stand The church s original appearance is illustrated in stylised form on some of the early seals of the cathedral priory Legend credits St Rule also known as St Regulus with bringing relics of St Andrew to the area from their original location at Patras in Greece Today the tower commands an admirable view of the town harbour sea and surrounding countryside Built in grey sandstone ashlar and for its date immensely tall 33 m it is a land and sea mark seen from many miles away its prominence doubtless meant to guide pilgrims to the place of the Apostle s relics In the Middle Ages a spire atop the tower made it even more prominent The tower was originally ascended using ladders between wooden floors but a stone spiral staircase was inserted in the 18th century Burials EditIn the cathedral Edit Roger de Beaumont bishop d 1202 William Wishart d 1279 William de Lamberton 1328 on the north side of the high altar William Fraser bishop of St Andrews 1297 his heart was buried in the wall of the church by his successor William de Lamberton William de Landallis 1385 in the church s vestry James Kennedy bishop 1465 in a magnificent tomb which he had caused to be built in St Salvator s Chapel the ruins of which are still visible Andrew Forman d 1521 Cathedral burial ground Edit Very Rev John Adamson DD John Anderson Principal of St Leonards College Rev Alexander Anderson 1676 1737 son of above Rev Prof George Buist DD Robert Chambers Rev Prof George Cook DD FRSE Rev Prof John Cook DD FRSE Rev Prof William Crawford DD father of Thomas Jackson Crawford Sir Robert Anstruther Dalyell Prof James Donaldson classical scholar Adam Ferguson Andrew Forman Rev Prof James Gillespie Rev Prof Thomas Gillespie Professor of Humanity Robert Haldane mathematician Thomas Halyburton Matthew Forster Heddle George Hill minister Prof Henry David Hill Rev Prof James Hunter Prof Thomas Jackson FRSE David Miller Kay military hero author and missionary Prof Peter Redford Scott Lang mathematician Rev Prof John McGill LLD translator of the Old Testament Norman MacLeod The Wicked Man Young Tom Morris Old Tom Morris William Henry Murray Rev Francis Nicoll DD Principal of St Salvator s College St Andrews Hugh Lyon Playfair Rev James Playfair minister memorial only Lt Col Sir Robert Lambert Playfair LLD soldier and author Prof Alexander Roberts Allan Robertson Rev Professor Daniel Robertson DD 1755 1817 Rev Prof Samuel Rutherford Saint Andrew partial remains Very Rev Robert Small 1732 1808 Moderator in 1791 William Spalding writer Very Rev Prof Alexander Stewart DD Principal of St Andrews University in 1915 Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1911 Rev Prof John Trotter Alexander Watson Provost of St Andrews Major John and Lady Catherine Whyte Melville the large monument in the far corner of the churchyard Prof William Wright orientalist Eastern Cemetery Edit Col Robert Hope Moncrieff Aitken Victoria Cross recipient Fr George Angus first Roman Catholic priest in St Andrews since the Reformation Warington Baden Powell founder of the Sea Scouts Wilhelmina Barns Graham Prof John Birrell Andrew Kennedy Hutchison Boyd Sir Napier Burnett Sir Guy Colin Campbell Reginald Fairlie William Lewis Ferdinand Fischer FRS James Ross Gillespie architect Sir James Heriot Maitland Sir John Home Andrew Kirkaldy golfer Vice Admiral Dashwood Fowler Moir famed for his actions in the Battle of Jutland and who lost his life protecting the Atlantic Convoy Charles Metcalfe Ochterlony 2nd baronet Ochterlony James Bell Pettigrew Lyon Playfair Baron Playfair William Smoult Playfair Prof Thomas Purdie FRS Andrew Maitland Ramsay LLD FRSE Prof David George Ritchie Prof John Tulloch Charles WordsworthSee also EditSt Andrews Cathedral Priory St Andrews Sarcophagus The Way of St AndrewsReferences Edit Historic scotland Retrieved 4 January 2021 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to St Andrew s Cathedral St Andrews Historic Environment Scotland St Andrews Cathedral and Priory and adjacent ecclesiastical remains SM13322 La Catedral de San Andres Escocia Saint Andrews Cathedral Scotland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title St Andrews Cathedral amp oldid 1170248911, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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