Spix's guan (Penelope jacquacu) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae. It is "the prototypical cracid of the Amazonian lowlands."[2] The common name commemorates the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix (1782-1826).[3]
Four subspecies of Spix's guan are recognized, "Grant's" guan (P. j. granti) and the "Spix's guan" group of P. j. jacquacu, P. j. orienticola, and P. j. speciosa.[2] It was at times considered conspecific with dusky-legged guan (P. obscura) or crested guan (P. purpurascens). P. j. speciosa was once considered a race of dusky-legged guan, and "Grant's guan" was formerly considered a separate species.[2][4]
Descriptionedit
The four subspecies of Spix's guan differ in weight and plumage, and there are intergrades between them. Their length is 66–76 cm (26–30 in). The male and female nominate P. j. jacquacu weigh 1.24–1.36 kg (2.7–3.0 lb) and 1.14 kg (2.5 lb) respectively. The male P. j. orienticola weighs 1.40–1.78 kg (3.1–3.9 lb) and the female 1.27–1.72 kg (2.8–3.8 lb). The nominate subspecies is bronzy olive green above and bright reddish below. "Grant's" is much darker; the upper parts have a blue-green gloss and the red underside is dark. P. j. speciosa's plumage is similar to that of the nominate subspecies and P. j. orienticola's size and color scheme are between those of the nominate and "Grant's".[2]
The timing of Spix's guan's breeding varies geographically; examples include from January to May in Venezuela and August and September in Peru. The one nest that has been described was made of leaves and placed about 5 m (16 ft) up in a tree. The incubation and fledging periods are not known.[2]
Diet and feedingedit
Spix's guan forages singly or in small family groups, mostly from the middle to the tops of trees but in some regions on the ground. Its diet is mainly fruits and seeds though it has also been reported to follow army ants to take arthropods.[2]
Statusedit
The IUCN has rated Spix's guan as being of Least Concern. Its estimated global range spans approximately 5.9 million km2 (2.3 million mi2) and it is common in at least parts of this range. However, the total population is unknown and is thought to be decreasing. The species is widely hunted for food.[1]
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Penelope jacquacu.
^ abBirdLife International (2016). "Penelope jacquacu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22678386A92771552. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678386A92771552.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^ abcdefghdel Hoyo, J. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.spigua1.01
^Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003). Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds. London: Christopher Helm. p. 319.
^ abRemsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 19 January 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 19, 2021
April 15, 2024
spix, guan, penelope, jacquacu, species, bird, family, cracidae, prototypical, cracid, amazonian, lowlands, common, name, commemorates, german, naturalist, johann, baptist, spix, 1782, 1826, manú, national, park, peruconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, s. Spix s guan Penelope jacquacu is a species of bird in the family Cracidae It is the prototypical cracid of the Amazonian lowlands 2 The common name commemorates the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix 1782 1826 3 Spix s guanIn Manu National Park PeruConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder GalliformesFamily CracidaeGenus PenelopeSpecies P jacquacuBinomial namePenelope jacquacuSpix 1825SubspeciesP j jacquacu Spix 1825 Spix s guan P j orienticola Todd 1932 P j speciosa Todd 1915 P j granti Berlepsch 1908 Grant s guan Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior and ecology 4 1 Breeding 4 2 Diet and feeding 5 Status 6 ReferencesTaxonomy and systematics editFour subspecies of Spix s guan are recognized Grant s guan P j granti and the Spix s guan group of P j jacquacu P j orienticola and P j speciosa 2 It was at times considered conspecific with dusky legged guan P obscura or crested guan P purpurascens P j speciosa was once considered a race of dusky legged guan and Grant s guan was formerly considered a separate species 2 4 Description editThe four subspecies of Spix s guan differ in weight and plumage and there are intergrades between them Their length is 66 76 cm 26 30 in The male and female nominate P j jacquacu weigh 1 24 1 36 kg 2 7 3 0 lb and 1 14 kg 2 5 lb respectively The male P j orienticola weighs 1 40 1 78 kg 3 1 3 9 lb and the female 1 27 1 72 kg 2 8 3 8 lb The nominate subspecies is bronzy olive green above and bright reddish below Grant s is much darker the upper parts have a blue green gloss and the red underside is dark P j speciosa s plumage is similar to that of the nominate subspecies and P j orienticola s size and color scheme are between those of the nominate and Grant s 2 Distribution and habitat editSpix s guan is found in the upper Orinoco River and western Amazon River basins of Bolivia Brazil Colombia Ecuador Guyana Peru Suriname and Venezuela From north to south the subspecies sequence is granti orienticola jacquacu and speciosa 2 4 It inhabits both terra firma and varzea seasonally flooded forest In the upper elevations of Peru and Bolivia it is in cloud forest and at lower elevations it is in humid rainforest The species is assumed to be sedentary 2 Behavior and ecology editBreeding edit The timing of Spix s guan s breeding varies geographically examples include from January to May in Venezuela and August and September in Peru The one nest that has been described was made of leaves and placed about 5 m 16 ft up in a tree The incubation and fledging periods are not known 2 Diet and feeding edit Spix s guan forages singly or in small family groups mostly from the middle to the tops of trees but in some regions on the ground Its diet is mainly fruits and seeds though it has also been reported to follow army ants to take arthropods 2 Status editThe IUCN has rated Spix s guan as being of Least Concern Its estimated global range spans approximately 5 9 million km2 2 3 million mi2 and it is common in at least parts of this range However the total population is unknown and is thought to be decreasing The species is widely hunted for food 1 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Penelope jacquacu a b BirdLife International 2016 Penelope jacquacu IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22678386A92771552 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22678386A92771552 en Retrieved 16 November 2021 a b c d e f g h del Hoyo J and G M Kirwan 2020 Spix s Guan Penelope jacquacu version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow spigua1 01 Beolens Bo Watkins Michael 2003 Whose Bird Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds London Christopher Helm p 319 a b Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 19 January 2021 A classification of the bird species of South America American Ornithological Society http www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCBaseline htm retrieved January 19 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spix 27s guan amp oldid 1192669829, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,