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Spirou (magazine)

January 19, 2023

Spirou (French: Le Journal de Spirou) is a weekly Franco-Belgian comics magazine[a] published by the Dupuis company since April 21, 1938. It's an anthology magazine with new features appearing regularly, containing a mix of short humor strips and serialized features, of which the most popular series would be collected as albums by Dupuis afterwards.

Spirou
Spirou No. 1 (21 April 1938)
Front cover by Rob-Vel.
Publication information
PublisherDupuis
ScheduleWeekly
Publication date21 April 1938 – present
Main character(s)Spirou

History

Creation

With the success of the weekly magazine Le Journal de Mickey in France, and the popularity of the weekly Adventures of Tintin in Le Petit Vingtième, many new comic magazines or youth magazines with comics appeared in France and Belgium in the second half of the 1930s.[1][2] In 1936, the experienced publisher Jean Dupuis put his sons Paul and the 19-year-old Charles in charge of a new magazine aimed at the juvenile market.[3][4]

First appearing 21 April 1938, it was a large format magazine, available only in French and only in Wallonia. It was an eight-page weekly comics magazine composed of a mixture of short stories and gags, serial comics and short articles. It introduced two new comics, the eponymous Spirou drawn by the young Frenchman Rob-Vel, and Les Aventures de Tif (later to become Tif et Tondu) written and drawn by Fernand Dineur, and printed American comics such as Superman, Red Ryder and Brick Bradford.[3] On 27 October 1938 the Flemish edition named Robbedoes appeared as well.[5]

Second World War

Spirou and Robbedoes soon became very popular and the magazine doubled its pages from 8 to 16. After the invasion of the Germans, the magazine gradually had to stop publishing American comics. They were at first continued by local artists and later replaced with new series. When Rob-Vel no longer had the possibility to send his pages from France to Belgium on a regular basis either, his series was continued by Joseph Gillain, a young artist who had previously worked for Petits Belges and used the pen name Jijé. Together with Dineur and Sirius (pen name of Max Mayeu), they filled the magazine with a number of new series and increased the popularity of it even further.

Near the end of the war, due to paper shortages, publication had to be stopped anyway, with only a few irregular almanacs to keep the bond with the readers intact and to provide work for the personnel to prevent them being deported to Germany.

The golden years

The period 1945–1960 has been described by critics as the golden age of Spirou magazine and of Belgian comics in general, partly incited by the 1946 appearance of the successful competitor Tintin magazine. Spirou resumed publication only weeks after Belgium was liberated, but now on a much smaller format. Jijé was the main author, providing pages from multiple series each week. Some American comics reappeared as well. Jijé started out a studio, where he schooled three talented apprentices, Will, André Franquin and Morris; known as the "Bande à quatre", "Gang of four", they began laying the foundation for the Marcinelle school that marked the magazine for decades.

In 1946 and 1947, the team was joined by some of the main contributors to Spirou for the next decades, including Victor Hubinon, Jean-Michel Charlier and Eddy Paape. After a few years, these artists started their now classic series like Buck Danny by Hubinon and Charlier and Lucky Luke by Morris, while Franquin took over Spirou from Jijé. Gradually, the American comics and reprints were replaced by new, European productions, and by the 50s, nearly all the content was made especially for the magazine. Charles Dupuis remained editor-in-chief of the magazine until 1955 when he appointed Yvan Delporte to that position, so he could himself focus on his increasing interest in the publication of the magazine's series' albums.[1]

The golden ages culminated in the 1950s with the introduction of more authors and series like Peyo (Johan and Peewit in 1952, The Smurfs in 1958), René Follet, Marcel Remacle, Jean Roba (with Boule et Bill), Maurice Tillieux (with Gil Jourdan) and Mitacq. In 1954, Jijé created the realistic western comic Jerry Spring, and in 1957 Franquin introduced the anti-hero Gaston Lagaffe. The authors of the magazine, many of them pupils of Jijé, were grouped stylistically in the Marcinelle school, the counterpart of ligne claire exhibited by the artists grouped around Hergé in Tintin magazine (the main competitor for Spirou).

By 1960, the magazine had achieved a fixed structure and had grown to 52 pages, mainly filled with new, European (mainly Belgian) comics, coupled with some text pages (interaction with the readers) and adverts. Most of the comics were long-running series which were regularly published as albums of 44 or 64 pages, generating a constant source of revenue for the artists and the publisher. In the next decades, the sales of albums would become the main focus, reducing the importance of the magazine which became more of a breeding ground for new talent and series.

Rejuvenation in the 1960s and 1970s

In the early 1960s, the main changes were the strong editorial work of Delporte, who kept the magazine vibrant despite the more or less fixed series, with numerous supplements, games, and experimental layouts. The magazine demonstrated the pleasure that had gone in creating it, and maintained a strong reader base despite the growing competition from more adolescent and adult French magazines like Pilote. Some of the main authors (Jijé, Franquin, Will, and Hubinon) temporarily started working for other magazines, with Morris the only major name who definitely left the magazine. Their replacements, like Berck, had trouble filling the void.

Around 1959–1960, the first mini-récits (lit. mini-stories) appeared. This was an experiment in which the middle pages of the magazines could be removed, which the reader (armed with a pair of scissors, a stapler and some patience) could fold into a small comics magazine of its own. Several artists were allowed to hone their skills inside these mini-récits before moving on to larger pages, and until the 1970s, more than 500 mini-récits were produced, series that debuted in this format include The Smurfs by Peyo, Bobo by Rosy and Deliège, Flagada by Degotte among many others.

Only in the early 1970s a number of new success series and authors appeared . The main contributor for the next decades was Raoul Cauvin, a lithographer who worked as a cameraman for the Dupuis animation studios and wrote stories for series like Musti. He became the main story writer for Dupuis, with major series like Sammy with Berck, Les Tuniques Bleues with Lambil, and later Cédric with Laudec and Agent 212 with Daniel Kox, among many others. Other important new authors were François Walthery with Natacha and Roger Leloup with Yoko Tsuno, together with Isabelle by Will evidence of the new wave of adventurous female-oriented comics of the decade.

A commercial failure but artistic success came along in 1977, when Delporte created the more adult supplement Le Trombone Illustré, which appeared inside Spirou for thirty weeks, and showcased new artists like Didier Comès, Enki Bilal, Claire Bretécher, F'murr, Grzegorz Rosinski, and Frédéric Jannin, next to more established authors like René Hausman, Peyo, Roba, Marcel Gotlieb, and Franquin, who started his third major series, Idées Noires.

Since 1980

The early 1980s had Spirou and Robbedoes searching for a new, appealing identity, with new formulas, more adult comics like XIII by William Vance and Jean Van Hamme or Jeremiah by Hermann. Most artists of the first generation were no longer active, and the productivity of many artists of the second generation slowed down as well. New talents were Tome and Janry, the new team for the Spirou et Fantasio comic, Bruno Gazzotti (Soda), François Gilson (Mélusine), Bercovici, Zidrou, André Geerts, Bernard Hislaire, Midam (Kid Paddle), Frank Pé, Marc Hardy and Luc Cromheecke.

Robbedoes had a severe reduction in the number of readers, and was first reduced to 32 pages (with Spirou growing to 68), before it finally disappeared in 2005.

Collections

From the very start, Spirou and Robbedoes published collections of 10 to 13 consecutive magazines in hardcover format - originally quarterly, but more frequently with the increased page number of the magazine. This series still continues for Spirou with 371 volumes as of September 2022.

Spirou and Tintin rivalry

Since the 1940s, Spirou was in constant competition with Tintin magazine . If one artist was published by one of the magazines, he would not be published by the other one. This was a gentleman's agreement between the two publishers, Raymond Leblanc of Le Lombard and Charles Dupuis of Dupuis. One notable exception was André Franquin, who in 1955, after a dispute with its editor, moved from the more popular Spirou to Tintin.[6] The dispute was quickly settled, but Franquin had signed an agreement with Tintin for five years. He created Modeste et Pompon for Tintin while pursuing work for Spirou. He quit Tintin at the end of his contract. Some artists moved from Spirou to Tintin like Eddy Paape and Liliane & Fred Funcken, while some went from Tintin to Spirou like Raymond Macherot and Berck.

Main authors and series

 
Mural painting representing Gaston Lagaffe in Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium).
 
Mural painting « Broussaille » in Louvain-la-Neuve.

Format

The target audience is between 9 and 16 years, although the magazine appeals to many adults as well. Over the years, Spirou has undergone a few format changes and gradually became thicker, eventually averaging 68 pages. It was distributed in most French and Dutch speaking countries, and for some years, editions in other languages appeared as well (notably in Spain and Portugal).

A few pages, apart from the comics and the advertising, are always put aside for text contents and interaction with the readers (games, letters, jokes, etc.). Often a general theme is used to give the magazine some unity instead of being just a collection of unrelated comics, and this also gets reflected in the layout.

Along with Tintin magazine (founded in 1946), it was considered the home of the Franco-Belgian comics school until the seventies, when its importance declined. Still in publication, Spirou sells some 100,000 copies every week (as of 2009).[7] Robbedoes was eventually shelved in September 2005, after more than 3500 weekly publications.

Title

  • On 21 April 1938, the magazine was created under the name Le journal de Spirou.
  • On 1 May 1947, it was renamed Spirou.
  • On 5 October 1988, it was renamed Spirou Magaziiiine
  • On 12 January 1994, it was once again named Spirou.
  • On 25 January 2006, it became Spirou HeBDo.
  • On 16 April 2008, it again became Spirou.

Notes

  1. ^ Spirou is a Walloon word meaning "squirrel" or "lively kid".

Notes

  1. ^ a b . Carlsen Comics. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.(in Danish)
  2. ^ "JDM-21 October 1934". JDM-outducks.org.(in French)
  3. ^ a b "Spirou magazine". Lambiek.
  4. ^ "Le Journal Spirou a 60 ans". BDparadisio.(in French)
  5. ^ . 6Bears. Archived from the original on 14 October 2005.(in French)
  6. ^ Lambiek Comiclopedia. "Tintin comic magazine".
  7. ^ . ACBD. December 2009. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2010.

Sources

  • Dossier and issue index of Spirou BDoubliées (in French)

External links

  • Spirou official magazine site (in French)
  • Dupuis official site

January 19, 2023
spirou, magazine, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, french, august, 2015, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, french, article, machine, translation, like, deepl, go. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French August 2015 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 303 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Spirou magazine see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Spirou magazine to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Spirou French Le Journal de Spirou is a weekly Franco Belgian comics magazine a published by the Dupuis company since April 21 1938 It s an anthology magazine with new features appearing regularly containing a mix of short humor strips and serialized features of which the most popular series would be collected as albums by Dupuis afterwards SpirouSpirou No 1 21 April 1938 Front cover by Rob Vel Publication informationPublisherDupuisScheduleWeeklyPublication date21 April 1938 presentMain character s Spirou Contents 1 History 1 1 Creation 1 2 Second World War 1 3 The golden years 1 4 Rejuvenation in the 1960s and 1970s 1 5 Since 1980 2 Collections 3 Spirou and Tintin rivalry 4 Main authors and series 5 Format 6 Title 7 Notes 8 Notes 9 Sources 10 External linksHistory EditCreation Edit With the success of the weekly magazine Le Journal de Mickey in France and the popularity of the weekly Adventures of Tintin in Le Petit Vingtieme many new comic magazines or youth magazines with comics appeared in France and Belgium in the second half of the 1930s 1 2 In 1936 the experienced publisher Jean Dupuis put his sons Paul and the 19 year old Charles in charge of a new magazine aimed at the juvenile market 3 4 First appearing 21 April 1938 it was a large format magazine available only in French and only in Wallonia It was an eight page weekly comics magazine composed of a mixture of short stories and gags serial comics and short articles It introduced two new comics the eponymous Spirou drawn by the young Frenchman Rob Vel and Les Aventures de Tif later to become Tif et Tondu written and drawn by Fernand Dineur and printed American comics such as Superman Red Ryder and Brick Bradford 3 On 27 October 1938 the Flemish edition named Robbedoes appeared as well 5 Second World War Edit Spirou and Robbedoes soon became very popular and the magazine doubled its pages from 8 to 16 After the invasion of the Germans the magazine gradually had to stop publishing American comics They were at first continued by local artists and later replaced with new series When Rob Vel no longer had the possibility to send his pages from France to Belgium on a regular basis either his series was continued by Joseph Gillain a young artist who had previously worked for Petits Belges and used the pen name Jije Together with Dineur and Sirius pen name of Max Mayeu they filled the magazine with a number of new series and increased the popularity of it even further Near the end of the war due to paper shortages publication had to be stopped anyway with only a few irregular almanacs to keep the bond with the readers intact and to provide work for the personnel to prevent them being deported to Germany The golden years Edit The period 1945 1960 has been described by critics as the golden age of Spirou magazine and of Belgian comics in general partly incited by the 1946 appearance of the successful competitor Tintin magazine Spirou resumed publication only weeks after Belgium was liberated but now on a much smaller format Jije was the main author providing pages from multiple series each week Some American comics reappeared as well Jije started out a studio where he schooled three talented apprentices Will Andre Franquin and Morris known as the Bande a quatre Gang of four they began laying the foundation for the Marcinelle school that marked the magazine for decades In 1946 and 1947 the team was joined by some of the main contributors to Spirou for the next decades including Victor Hubinon Jean Michel Charlier and Eddy Paape After a few years these artists started their now classic series like Buck Danny by Hubinon and Charlier and Lucky Luke by Morris while Franquin took over Spirou from Jije Gradually the American comics and reprints were replaced by new European productions and by the 50s nearly all the content was made especially for the magazine Charles Dupuis remained editor in chief of the magazine until 1955 when he appointed Yvan Delporte to that position so he could himself focus on his increasing interest in the publication of the magazine s series albums 1 The golden ages culminated in the 1950s with the introduction of more authors and series like Peyo Johan and Peewit in 1952 The Smurfs in 1958 Rene Follet Marcel Remacle Jean Roba with Boule et Bill Maurice Tillieux with Gil Jourdan and Mitacq In 1954 Jije created the realistic western comic Jerry Spring and in 1957 Franquin introduced the anti hero Gaston Lagaffe The authors of the magazine many of them pupils of Jije were grouped stylistically in the Marcinelle school the counterpart of ligne claire exhibited by the artists grouped around Herge in Tintin magazine the main competitor for Spirou By 1960 the magazine had achieved a fixed structure and had grown to 52 pages mainly filled with new European mainly Belgian comics coupled with some text pages interaction with the readers and adverts Most of the comics were long running series which were regularly published as albums of 44 or 64 pages generating a constant source of revenue for the artists and the publisher In the next decades the sales of albums would become the main focus reducing the importance of the magazine which became more of a breeding ground for new talent and series Rejuvenation in the 1960s and 1970s Edit In the early 1960s the main changes were the strong editorial work of Delporte who kept the magazine vibrant despite the more or less fixed series with numerous supplements games and experimental layouts The magazine demonstrated the pleasure that had gone in creating it and maintained a strong reader base despite the growing competition from more adolescent and adult French magazines like Pilote Some of the main authors Jije Franquin Will and Hubinon temporarily started working for other magazines with Morris the only major name who definitely left the magazine Their replacements like Berck had trouble filling the void Around 1959 1960 the first mini recits lit mini stories appeared This was an experiment in which the middle pages of the magazines could be removed which the reader armed with a pair of scissors a stapler and some patience could fold into a small comics magazine of its own Several artists were allowed to hone their skills inside these mini recits before moving on to larger pages and until the 1970s more than 500 mini recits were produced series that debuted in this format include The Smurfs by Peyo Bobo by Rosy and Deliege Flagada by Degotte among many others Only in the early 1970s a number of new success series and authors appeared The main contributor for the next decades was Raoul Cauvin a lithographer who worked as a cameraman for the Dupuis animation studios and wrote stories for series like Musti He became the main story writer for Dupuis with major series like Sammy with Berck Les Tuniques Bleues with Lambil and later Cedric with Laudec and Agent 212 with Daniel Kox among many others Other important new authors were Francois Walthery with Natacha and Roger Leloup with Yoko Tsuno together with Isabelle by Will evidence of the new wave of adventurous female oriented comics of the decade A commercial failure but artistic success came along in 1977 when Delporte created the more adult supplement Le Trombone Illustre which appeared inside Spirou for thirty weeks and showcased new artists like Didier Comes Enki Bilal Claire Bretecher F murr Grzegorz Rosinski and Frederic Jannin next to more established authors like Rene Hausman Peyo Roba Marcel Gotlieb and Franquin who started his third major series Idees Noires Since 1980 Edit The early 1980s had Spirou and Robbedoes searching for a new appealing identity with new formulas more adult comics like XIII by William Vance and Jean Van Hamme or Jeremiah by Hermann Most artists of the first generation were no longer active and the productivity of many artists of the second generation slowed down as well New talents were Tome and Janry the new team for the Spirou et Fantasio comic Bruno Gazzotti Soda Francois Gilson Melusine Bercovici Zidrou Andre Geerts Bernard Hislaire Midam Kid Paddle Frank Pe Marc Hardy and Luc Cromheecke Robbedoes had a severe reduction in the number of readers and was first reduced to 32 pages with Spirou growing to 68 before it finally disappeared in 2005 Collections EditFrom the very start Spirou and Robbedoes published collections of 10 to 13 consecutive magazines in hardcover format originally quarterly but more frequently with the increased page number of the magazine This series still continues for Spirou with 371 volumes as of September 2022 Spirou and Tintin rivalry EditSince the 1940s Spirou was in constant competition with Tintin magazine If one artist was published by one of the magazines he would not be published by the other one This was a gentleman s agreement between the two publishers Raymond Leblanc of Le Lombard and Charles Dupuis of Dupuis One notable exception was Andre Franquin who in 1955 after a dispute with its editor moved from the more popular Spirou to Tintin 6 The dispute was quickly settled but Franquin had signed an agreement with Tintin for five years He created Modeste et Pompon for Tintin while pursuing work for Spirou He quit Tintin at the end of his contract Some artists moved from Spirou to Tintin like Eddy Paape and Liliane amp Fred Funcken while some went from Tintin to Spirou like Raymond Macherot and Berck Main authors and series Edit Mural painting representing Gaston Lagaffe in Louvain la Neuve Belgium Mural painting Broussaille in Louvain la Neuve Aymond Lady S 2004 Bedu Psy 1992 2019 Benn Mic Mac Adam 1978 1987 Berck Sammy 1970 1994 Bercovici Les Femmes en Blanc 1981 Blesteau Toupet 1987 2004 Wofi 1976 1987 Bom Broussaille 1983 1989 2000 Raoul Cauvin Les Tuniques Bleues 1968 Sammy 1970 2009 Cedric 1986 Agent 212 1975 etc Jean Michel Charlier Buck Danny 1947 1978 Clarke Melusine 1992 Stephane Colman Billy the Cat 1981 1999 Didier Conrad Les innomables 1980 1982 Donito 1991 1996 Darasse Tamara 2001 Gang Mazda 1987 1996 Lucien De Gieter Papyrus 1974 Arthur De Pins Zombillenium 2009 Charles Degotte Flagada 1961 1988 Motards 1984 1993 Delaf The Bellybuttons 2005 2020 Paul Deliege Bobo 1961 1996 Les Krostons 1968 1983 Yvan Delporte Isabelle 1969 1994 The Smurfs 1962 1972 Stephen Desberg Tif et Tondu 1977 1989 Billy the Cat 1982 2004 421 1980 1992 Mic Mac Adam 1978 1987 Daniel Desorgher Jimmy Tousseul 1988 2000 Jacques Devos Genial Olivier 1963 1988 Fernand Dineur Tif et Tondu 1938 1951 Alain Dodier Jerome K Jerome Bloche 1982 Dubuc The Bellybuttons 2005 2020 Serge Ernst Les Zappeurs 1991 2011 Benoit Feroumont Le Royaume 2008 Rene Follet Various series 1949 2016 Gerald Forton Kim Devil 1953 1956 Les Belles Histoires de l oncle Paul 1952 1964 Jean Claude Fournier Spirou et Fantasio 1969 1979 Bizu 1967 1994 Crannibales 1995 2005 2011 Francis Marc Lebut 1966 1983 Frank Broussaille 1978 1989 2000 2002 L elan 1981 1987 Andre Franquin Spirou et Fantasio 1946 1969 Gaston Lagaffe 1957 1991 Bruno Gazzotti Soda 1990 2005 Seuls 2006 Andre Geerts Jojo 1983 2010 Francois Gilson Melusine 1992 2012 Garage Isidore 1991 2012 Godard Toupet 1965 1966 1987 2004 Gos Scrameustache 1972 2002 Rene Goscinny Lucky Luke 1955 1967 1978 Marc Hardy Pierre Tombal 1983 Rene Hausman Bestiaire 1959 1967 Laiyna 1985 1987 Bernard Hislaire Bidouille et Violette 1978 1985 2011 Victor Hubinon Buck Danny 1947 1979 Gerrit De Jager Aristote et ses potes 1985 1994 Frederic Jannin Germain et nous 1977 1992 Janry Spirou et Fantasio 1981 1998 Le Petit Spirou 1987 Passe moi l ciel 1990 Jidehem Gaston Lagaffe 1957 1969 Sophie 1965 1994 Starter 1957 1978 Jije Spirou et Fantasio 1940 1951 Jerry Spring 1954 1977 Jean Valhardi 1941 1965 Joan Joue avec La Petite Lucie 1994 Octave Joly Les Belles Histoires de l oncle Paul 1951 1982 Daniel Kox Agent 212 1975 Lambil Les Tuniques Bleues 1972 Pauvre Lampil 1974 2006 Sandy 1959 1974 Denis Lapiere Ludo 1997 2009 Oscar 2000 2008 Laudec Cedric 1986 Frank Le Gall Theodore Poussin 1984 1988 1997 2004 Libon Animal Lecteur 2006 2018 Pic Le Lievre Pic et Zou 1998 Roger Leloup Yoko Tsuno 1970 Raymond Macherot Sibylline 1965 1990 Malik Cupidon 1988 2011 Archie Cash 1971 1987 Maltaite 421 1980 1992 Mazel Jungles perdues 1975 1987 2008 Les mousquetaires 1969 1992 Midam Kid Paddle 1993 Game Over 2003 Mitacq La Patrouille des Castors 1954 1993 Morris Lucky Luke 1946 1967 1978 1985 Eddy Paape Marc Dacier 1958 1967 Jean Valhardi 1946 1953 Peyo Johan and Peewit 1952 1977 The Smurfs 1959 1988 Benoit Brisefer 1960 1978 Arthur Piroton Jess Long 1969 1995 Michel et Thierry 1962 1968 Marcel Remacle Vieux Nick 1958 1990 Jean Roba Boule et Bill 1959 2006 Maurice Rosy Bobo 1961 1973 Tif et Tondu 1955 1968 Attila 1967 1973 Sergio Salma Animal Lecteur 2006 2018 Savoia Marzi 2004 Pierre Seron Les Petits Hommes 1967 2004 Sirius Timour 1953 1997 L epervier bleu 1942 1951 1973 1977 Sowa Marzi 2004 Stuf Passe moi l ciel 1990 2015 Fabrice Tarrin Violine 2001 2005 Maki 2008 2011 Maurice Tillieux Gil Jourdan 1956 1978 Cesar 1957 1973 Marc Lebut 1966 1982 Tome Spirou et Fantasio 1981 1998 Le Petit Spirou 1987 2019 Soda 1985 2014 Lewis Trondheim Ralph Azham 2010 2019 Zizi chauve souris 2011 L Atelier Mastodonte 2011 2018 Jean Van Hamme Lady S 2004 XIII 1984 1986 Fabien Vehlmann Spirou et Fantasio 2006 Seuls 2006 Francois Walthery Natacha 1970 2007 Marc Wasterlain Docteur Poche 1976 1997 2011 Jeannette Pointu 1982 2005 Weyland Aria 2002 2015 Will Tif et Tondu 1949 1990 Isabelle 1969 1994 Yann Les innomables 1980 1982 Spirou et Fantasio 2006 Yoann Spirou et Fantasio 2006 Zidrou Tamara 2001 Crannibales 1995 2005 Format EditThe target audience is between 9 and 16 years although the magazine appeals to many adults as well Over the years Spirou has undergone a few format changes and gradually became thicker eventually averaging 68 pages It was distributed in most French and Dutch speaking countries and for some years editions in other languages appeared as well notably in Spain and Portugal A few pages apart from the comics and the advertising are always put aside for text contents and interaction with the readers games letters jokes etc Often a general theme is used to give the magazine some unity instead of being just a collection of unrelated comics and this also gets reflected in the layout Along with Tintin magazine founded in 1946 it was considered the home of the Franco Belgian comics school until the seventies when its importance declined Still in publication Spirou sells some 100 000 copies every week as of 2009 7 Robbedoes was eventually shelved in September 2005 after more than 3500 weekly publications Title EditOn 21 April 1938 the magazine was created under the name Le journal de Spirou On 1 May 1947 it was renamed Spirou On 5 October 1988 it was renamed Spirou Magaziiiine On 12 January 1994 it was once again named Spirou On 25 January 2006 it became Spirou HeBDo On 16 April 2008 it again became Spirou Notes Edit Spirou is a Walloon word meaning squirrel or lively kid Notes Edit a b Belgisk albumkonge dod Carlsen Comics Archived from the original on 29 September 2007 in Danish JDM 21 October 1934 JDM outducks org in French a b Spirou magazine Lambiek Le Journal Spirou a 60 ans BDparadisio in French Spirou a des cheveux blancs 6Bears Archived from the original on 14 October 2005 in French Lambiek Comiclopedia Tintin comic magazine Bilan 2009 ACBD December 2009 Archived from the original on 14 January 2010 Retrieved 6 January 2010 Sources EditDossier and issue index of Spirou BDoubliees in French External links EditSpirou official magazine site in French Dupuis official site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spirou magazine amp oldid 1122220795, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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