Spirastrella coccinea is a species of marine sponge in the family Spirastrellidae. It is found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Spirastrella coccinea is a thin encrusting sponge, less than 10 mm (0.4 in) thick, forming patches of a square metre or more, covering the substrate. The oscula (holes through which water leaves the sponge) are often raised on low mounds and are up to 2 mm (0.1 in) in diameter; transparent star-shaped canals radiate from the oscula. The texture of the sponge is smooth and leathery, red on the surface and brownish-red or orange on the interior.[2] Sponges in shallow water are orangish-red while those at greater depths are red or pink, sometimes with white specks near the oscula. The spicules that stiffen the sponge and form the skeleton are tylostyles, rods with one end pointed and the other knobbed, and there are also microscleres in the tissues, but no spongin fibres.[3]
Distribution and habitatedit
Spirastrella coccinea is found in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the tropical western Atlantic Ocean as far south as Brazil. It grows on hard substrates, coral reefs and coral rubble at depths down to about 15 m (50 ft), and has been found in a submarine cave as well as among mangrove roots.[2][3]
Researchedit
Being soft-bodied, sessile organisms that lack physical defences, sponges have developed chemical defences to protect them from predation. Many of these compounds are bioactive and are of interest in pharmaceutical research.[citation needed] A novel mitotic inhibitormacrolide known as "Sprirastrellolide A" has been isolated from Spirastrella coccinea. The methyl ester of Sprirastrellolide A has the unusual biological property of causing cells to start dividing when they are at other stages of the cell cycle, before stopping them dividing partway through the process.[4] Another macrolide, "Sprirastrellolide B", has also been isolated and its structure elucidated.[5] Since then, five further macrolides, "Sprirastrellolide C to G" have been found in extracts of the sponge, their structures being elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical means.[6]
Referencesedit
^ abvan Soest, R.W.M. (2021). "Spirastrella coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
^ ab"Spirastrella coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864): Hadromerida, Spirastrellidae". South Florida sponges. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
^Williams, David E.; Roberge, Michel; Van Soest, Rob; Anderson, Raymond J. (2003). "Spirastrellolide A, An Antimitotic Macrolide Isolated from the Caribbean Marine Sponge Spirastrella coccinea". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (18): 5296–5297. doi:10.1021/ja0348602. PMID 12720440.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Warabi, Kaoru; Williams, David E.; Roberge, Michel; Anderson, Raymond J.; Patrick, Brian O. (2007). "Spirastrellolide B Reveals the Absolute Configuration of the Spirastrellolide Macrolide Core". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 129 (3): 508–509. doi:10.1021/ja068271i. PMID 17227011.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Williams, David E.; Warabi, Kaoru; Desjardine, Kelsey; Riffell, Jenna L.; Roberge, Michel; Andersen, Raymond J. (2007). "Spirastrellolides C to G: Macrolides Obtained from the Marine Sponge Spirastrella coccinea". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 72 (25): 9842–9845. doi:10.1021/jo7018174. PMID 17988148.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
April 15, 2024
spirastrella, coccinea, species, marine, sponge, family, spirastrellidae, found, tropical, western, atlantic, ocean, caribbean, gulf, mexico, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, poriferaclass, demospongiaeorder, clionaidafamily,. Spirastrella coccinea is a species of marine sponge in the family Spirastrellidae It is found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico Spirastrella coccineaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum PoriferaClass DemospongiaeOrder ClionaidaFamily SpirastrellidaeGenus SpirastrellaSpecies S coccineaBinomial nameSpirastrella coccinea Duchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 1 Synonyms 1 Thalysias coccineaDuchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Research 4 ReferencesDescription editSpirastrella coccinea is a thin encrusting sponge less than 10 mm 0 4 in thick forming patches of a square metre or more covering the substrate The oscula holes through which water leaves the sponge are often raised on low mounds and are up to 2 mm 0 1 in in diameter transparent star shaped canals radiate from the oscula The texture of the sponge is smooth and leathery red on the surface and brownish red or orange on the interior 2 Sponges in shallow water are orangish red while those at greater depths are red or pink sometimes with white specks near the oscula The spicules that stiffen the sponge and form the skeleton are tylostyles rods with one end pointed and the other knobbed and there are also microscleres in the tissues but no spongin fibres 3 Distribution and habitat editSpirastrella coccinea is found in the Caribbean Sea the Gulf of Mexico and the tropical western Atlantic Ocean as far south as Brazil It grows on hard substrates coral reefs and coral rubble at depths down to about 15 m 50 ft and has been found in a submarine cave as well as among mangrove roots 2 3 Research editBeing soft bodied sessile organisms that lack physical defences sponges have developed chemical defences to protect them from predation Many of these compounds are bioactive and are of interest in pharmaceutical research citation needed A novel mitotic inhibitor macrolide known as Sprirastrellolide A has been isolated from Spirastrella coccinea The methyl ester of Sprirastrellolide A has the unusual biological property of causing cells to start dividing when they are at other stages of the cell cycle before stopping them dividing partway through the process 4 Another macrolide Sprirastrellolide B has also been isolated and its structure elucidated 5 Since then five further macrolides Sprirastrellolide C to G have been found in extracts of the sponge their structures being elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical means 6 References edit a b van Soest R W M 2021 Spirastrella coccinea Duchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 WoRMS World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 11 September 2021 a b Spirastrella coccinea Duchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 SeaLifeBase Retrieved 11 September 2021 a b Spirastrella coccinea Duchassaing amp Michelotti 1864 Hadromerida Spirastrellidae South Florida sponges Retrieved 12 September 2021 Williams David E Roberge Michel Van Soest Rob Anderson Raymond J 2003 Spirastrellolide A An Antimitotic Macrolide Isolated from the Caribbean Marine Sponge Spirastrella coccinea Journal of the American Chemical Society 125 18 5296 5297 doi 10 1021 ja0348602 PMID 12720440 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Warabi Kaoru Williams David E Roberge Michel Anderson Raymond J Patrick Brian O 2007 Spirastrellolide B Reveals the Absolute Configuration of the Spirastrellolide Macrolide Core Journal of the American Chemical Society 129 3 508 509 doi 10 1021 ja068271i PMID 17227011 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Williams David E Warabi Kaoru Desjardine Kelsey Riffell Jenna L Roberge Michel Andersen Raymond J 2007 Spirastrellolides C to G Macrolides Obtained from the Marine Sponge Spirastrella coccinea Journal of Organic Chemistry 72 25 9842 9845 doi 10 1021 jo7018174 PMID 17988148 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spirastrella coccinea amp oldid 1186792931, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
